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Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 19, 248 - 261, 10.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1368437

Öz

H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds is considered to be the first literary recount of the invasion of Earth by outsiders and it is one of the first major literary texts that contain powerful apocalyptic imagery. To this end, this paper first aims to provide a general overview of the apocalypse concept and apocalyptic theory based on Frank Kermode’s prominent work entitled The Sense of an Ending, and then to investigate the apocalyptic features of The War of the Worlds accordingly. The investigation of the apocalyptic features in The War of the Worlds shows that Wells’s novel corresponds to Kermode’s apocalyptic pattern to a great extent. As far as the apocalyptic images are concerned, the novel provides rich and various examples of terror and panic along with depictions of the destruction of the landscape. Therefore, it can be suggested that The War of the Worlds fits the definition of an apocalypse which describes the actual end of the world. In other words, the novel presents a mostly divine apocalypse as there are no human attempts or successes involved in saving the world and establishing a new order.

Teşekkür

The author of the article would like to thank her advisor, Prof. Dr. Belgin Elbir, for the help and support she provided during the thesis phase.

Kaynakça

  • Benjamin, Marina (1998). Living at the End of the World. London: Picador.
  • Berger, James (1999). After the End: Representations of Post-Apocalypse. London: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bergonzi, Bernard (1961). The Earthly H.G. Wells: A Study of the Scientific Romances. Manchester: University of Manchester Press.
  • Bull, Malcolm (ed.) (1995). Apocalypse Theory and The Ends of the World. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Clark, Stephen R. L. (2000). “The End of the Ages”. Imagining Apocalypse: Studies in Cultural Crisis. Ed. David Seed. London: Macmillian, 27-44.
  • Cohn, Norman (1970). Medieval Millenarism: Its Bearing on the Comparative Study of Millenarian Movements”. Millenial Dreams in Action: Studies in Revolutionary Religious Movements. Ed. Sylvia L. Thrupp. New York: Schocken.
  • Derrida, Jacques (1984). “Of an Apocalyptic Tone Recently Adopted in Philosophy”. Trans. John P. Leavey. The Oxford Literary Review, 6(2): 3-37.
  • Draper, Michael (1987). Modern Novelists: H.G. Wells. London: MacMillan.
  • Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (1982). Critical Essays. New York: Continuum.
  • Fitting, Peter (2000). “Estranged Invaders: The War of the Worlds”. Learning from Other Worlds: Estrangement, Cognition, and the Politics of Science Fiction and Utopia. Ed. Patrick Parrinder. Liverpool: Liverpool UP.
  • Garrard, Greg (2004). Ecocriticism. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Hammond, Andrew (2011). “The Twilight of Utopia: British Dystopian Fiction and the Cold War” The Modern Language Review, (106)3: 662-681.
  • Kermode, Frank (2000). The Sense of an Ending. New York: Oxford UP.
  • Mackenzie, Norman & Mackenzie, Jeanne (1973). H.G. Wells: A Biography. New York: Simon.
  • Pinter, Karoly (2012). “The Analogical Alien: Constructing and Construing Extraterrestrial Invasion in Wells’s The War Of the Worlds”. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, (18)2: 133-149.
  • Quinby, Lee (1994). Anti-Apocalypse: Essays in Genealogical Criticism. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.
  • Wells, H. G. (2013). The War of the Worlds. New York: Tribeca Books.

Wells’in Dünyalar Savaşı Romanında Apokaliptik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 19, 248 - 261, 10.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1368437

Öz

H. G. Wells'in Dünyalar Savaşı, dünyanın yabancılar tarafından işgalinin ilk edebi anlatımı olarak kabul edilir ve güçlü kıyamet imgeleri içeren ilk büyük edebi metinlerden biridir. Bu amaçla, bu makale öncelikle Frank Kermode'un The Sense of an Ending adlı önemli eserinden yola çıkarak kıyamet kavramına ve kıyamet teorisine genel bir bakış sunmayı ve ardından Dünyalar Savaşı'nın kıyamet özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dünyalar Savaşı'ndaki kıyamet özelliklerinin incelenmesi Wells'in romanının Kermode'un kıyamet tasarımına büyük ölçüde karşılık geldiğini göstermektedir. Kıyamet imgeleri söz konusu olduğunda roman, terör ve panik olaylarının zengin ve çeşitli örneklerinin yanı sıra, manzaranın tahribatına da yer vermektedir. Dolayısıyla Dünyalar Savaşı'nın dünyanın gerçek sonunu anlatan kıyamet tanımına uyduğu ileri sürülebilir. Başka bir ifadeyle roman, dünyayı kurtarma ve yeni bir nizam oluşturma konusunda beşeri hiçbir girişim veya başarı olmadığı için ilahi bir kıyamet modeli sunmaktadır.

Teşekkür

Makale yazarı, tez aşamasında sunduğu yardım ve desteklerden dolayı danışmanı Prof. Dr. Belgin Elbir'e teşekkürü bir borç bilir.

Kaynakça

  • Benjamin, Marina (1998). Living at the End of the World. London: Picador.
  • Berger, James (1999). After the End: Representations of Post-Apocalypse. London: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bergonzi, Bernard (1961). The Earthly H.G. Wells: A Study of the Scientific Romances. Manchester: University of Manchester Press.
  • Bull, Malcolm (ed.) (1995). Apocalypse Theory and The Ends of the World. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Clark, Stephen R. L. (2000). “The End of the Ages”. Imagining Apocalypse: Studies in Cultural Crisis. Ed. David Seed. London: Macmillian, 27-44.
  • Cohn, Norman (1970). Medieval Millenarism: Its Bearing on the Comparative Study of Millenarian Movements”. Millenial Dreams in Action: Studies in Revolutionary Religious Movements. Ed. Sylvia L. Thrupp. New York: Schocken.
  • Derrida, Jacques (1984). “Of an Apocalyptic Tone Recently Adopted in Philosophy”. Trans. John P. Leavey. The Oxford Literary Review, 6(2): 3-37.
  • Draper, Michael (1987). Modern Novelists: H.G. Wells. London: MacMillan.
  • Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (1982). Critical Essays. New York: Continuum.
  • Fitting, Peter (2000). “Estranged Invaders: The War of the Worlds”. Learning from Other Worlds: Estrangement, Cognition, and the Politics of Science Fiction and Utopia. Ed. Patrick Parrinder. Liverpool: Liverpool UP.
  • Garrard, Greg (2004). Ecocriticism. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Hammond, Andrew (2011). “The Twilight of Utopia: British Dystopian Fiction and the Cold War” The Modern Language Review, (106)3: 662-681.
  • Kermode, Frank (2000). The Sense of an Ending. New York: Oxford UP.
  • Mackenzie, Norman & Mackenzie, Jeanne (1973). H.G. Wells: A Biography. New York: Simon.
  • Pinter, Karoly (2012). “The Analogical Alien: Constructing and Construing Extraterrestrial Invasion in Wells’s The War Of the Worlds”. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, (18)2: 133-149.
  • Quinby, Lee (1994). Anti-Apocalypse: Essays in Genealogical Criticism. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.
  • Wells, H. G. (2013). The War of the Worlds. New York: Tribeca Books.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ercan Gürova 0000-0001-5446-9013

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürova, E. (2023). Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(19), 248-261. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1368437
AMA Gürova E. Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells. KAD. Aralık 2023;(19):248-261. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1368437
Chicago Gürova, Ercan. “Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 19 (Aralık 2023): 248-61. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1368437.
EndNote Gürova E (01 Aralık 2023) Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 19 248–261.
IEEE E. Gürova, “Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells”, KAD, sy. 19, ss. 248–261, Aralık 2023, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1368437.
ISNAD Gürova, Ercan. “Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 19 (Aralık 2023), 248-261. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1368437.
JAMA Gürova E. Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells. KAD. 2023;:248–261.
MLA Gürova, Ercan. “Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 19, 2023, ss. 248-61, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1368437.
Vancouver Gürova E. Investigation of Apocalyptic Features in the War of the Worlds by Wells. KAD. 2023(19):248-61.