Mültecilik Fenomenolojisi İçin Temel Bir Güzergah

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 55, 7 - 50, 28.03.2025

Ahmet Eker

https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1626342

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fenomenoloji düşüncesinin mekân ve insan varoluşu anlayışından hareketle bir “mültecilik fenomenolojisi” için kuramsal çerçeve oluşturmaktır. Bu nedenle makalenin merkezi odağı “mültecilik fenomenolojisi” tasarımı olmaktadır. Fenomenoloji düşüncesinde insan varlığı için temel anlamlandırma örüntüsü her zaman el-altında ve aşina olan bir yaşamdünyasında bulunmakla ilgilidir. Mültecilik tecrübesinde ise anlamlandırma, yalnızca fiziksel bir yer değiştirme değil aynı zamanda kişinin alışkın olduğu yaşamdünyasının sarsılmasına içkindir. Her an el-altında olan bir yaşamdünyası sarsıldığında, bireylerin algıladığı ilişkiler ve mekânsal örüntülerde de krizler ve kopuşlar yaşanır. Makalede, bu krizin teorik dokusunu anlamak için fenomenolojik hermeneutik yöntem benimsenmiştir. Bu yöntem, insanın mekân-zamansal bulunuşunu, bedensel deneyimlerini ve öznelerarası ilişkilerini merkeze alarak, mültecilik deneyimini kuramsal bir çerçevede ele alma olanağına sahiptir. Dolayısıyla fenomenolojik yaklaşımın öznelerarası ilişkilere ve bedenin dünyadaki varlığına yaptığı vurgu, mülteciliğin bireysel ve toplumsal yönlerini bir arada değerlendirmeye imkân tanımaktadır. Araştırmada, fenomenolojinin temel kavramları olan mekân, beden, yönelimsellik ve öznelerarası ilişkiler çerçevesinde mültecilik tecrübesinin fenomonelojik düşünceyle iç içe geçme olanağı irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty ve Martin Heidegger’in mekân ve insan varoluşu hakkındaki görüşleri kuramsal dayanağı oluşturmaktadır. Bu kuramsal yaklaşımlar doğrultusunda makalede, yerinden edilme ve mülteciliğin fenomenolojik bir güzergâhını aşikâr hale getirmek hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mültecilik fenomenolojisi , yerinden edilme fenomenolojisi , göç , dil ve yaşam dünyası , öznelerarasılık

A Fundamental Path for the Phenomenology of Refugeeness

Öz

The aim of this study is to create a theoretical framework for a “phenomenology of refugeeness” based on phenomenological thought's understanding of space and human existence. Therefore, the design of a “phenomenology of refugeeism” is the primary focus of this article. In phenomenological thought, the basic pattern of giving meaning to human existence is always related to being in a ready-to-hand and familiar life-world. In the refugee experience, subjective understandings are not only related to a physical displacement, but are also inherent in the destabilization of a life-world to which one is familiar. When an ready-at-hand lifeworld is shaken, there are crises and ruptures in the relations and spatial patterns perceived by individuals. This article follows a phenomenological hermeneutic method to understand the theoretical framework of this crisis. This method has the possibility to address the refugee experience in a theoretical framework by focusing on the spatio-temporal presence of human beings, their bodily experiences and intersubjective relations. Thus, the emphasis of the phenomenological approach on intersubjective relations and the presence of the embodily life experience in the world provides the potential to evaluate the individual and social aspects of refugeeness as a coexisting phenomenon. In this research, the possibility of intertwining the refugee experience with phenomenological thought within the framework of the main concepts of phenomenology such as space, body, intentionality and intersubjectivity is examined. In this context, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger's theoretical approaches regarding space and human existence constitute the theoretical foundation. In line with these theoretical approaches, the article intends to clarify a phenomenological route of displacement and refugeeness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phenomenology of refugeeness , phenomenology of displacement , migration , language and life-world , intersubjectivity

Kaynakça

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