Alternatif Medya Çalışmalarının Temellerine İlişkin Eleştirel Bir Katkı

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 01.10.2009

Marisol Sandoval

Öz

Bu çalışma alternatif medyanın nasıl kavramsallaştırılağı sorusuyla ilgileniyor. Alternatif medya çalışmalarında bu medya ortamının nasıl tanımlanması gerektiğine dair bir uzlaşımdan söz edemiyoruz. Makalede, alternatif medyanın asıl amacı, eleştirel içeriklerin geniş kitlelere ulaştırılmasının sağlaması mı olmalı nesnel yaklaşım , yoksa medya ürünlerine ulaşımın yaygınlaştırılması ve üretim aşamasında görev alanların desteklenmesi mi olmalı öznel yaklaşım sorusu irdeleniyor. Çalışmanın amacı, özgürleşimci toplumsal dönüşümlere katkıda bulunabilecek ve toplumsal etkisi güçlü bir alternatif medya tanımı yapmaktır. Ayrıca alternatif medyanın özgürleşimci bir medya olarak ne tür olanaklara ve sınırlılıklara sahip olduğu da tartışılıyor. Diyalektik sosyal kurama ve eleştirel medya kuramına dayanarak, ideal bir alternative medya için tecimsel olmayan, katılımcı ve eleştirel bir medya modeli inşa ediyorum. Kapitalizmin ürettiği yapısal sınırlılıkları da göz önüne alarak alternatif medyanın bütün ideallerini gerçekleştirmesinin neredeyse olanaksız olduğunu ileri sürüyorum. Bu nedenle tartışılan düzeylerden hangilerinde alternatif medyanın alternatif olan’ın yanında yer alması gerektiğini, hangi durumlarda alternatif karakterlerini de yitirmemek kaydıyla anaakım medyanın stratejilerini de kullanabileceklerini tartışıyorum. Son olarak da alternatif medyanın bir eleştirel medya ideali olarak anlaşılmasına neden olan ideal-modele bir karşı çıkış geliştiriyorum

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eleştirel medya teorisi, alternatif medya, katılımcı medya, eleştirel medya, özgürleşimci medya

A Critical Contribution to the Foundations of Alternative Media Studies

Öz

This paper is concerned with the question how to conceptualize alternative media. In alternative media studies, there is no agreement on how alternative media should be defined. A distinction that is drawn in this paper concerns the question whether the main aim of alternative media should be to provide critical content and to reach a broad audience for their media products objective approach , or if they should aim at opening up access to media production and at empowering those who are involved in the production processes subjective approach . The task for this paper is to define alternative media in a way that enables them to increase their societal impact and to contribute to emancipatory societal transformations. Possibilities and limits of alternative media as emancipatory media are identified. Based on dialectical social theory and critical media theory I construct an ideal model of alternative media as non-commercial, participatory and critical media. In taking into account structural constraints under capitalism I argue that alternative media can hardly realize all of these ideal dimensions. Thus I discuss on which of these levels alternative media necessarily need to be on the alternative side and on which they can also make use of mainstream strategies without loosing their alternative character. Finally I confront the ideal-model with an understanding of alternative media as critical media

Anahtar Kelimeler

critical media theory, alternative media, participatory media, critical media, emancipatory media

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