Araştırma Makalesi
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Sömürgeciliğin İkiyüzlülüğü: This Earth of Mankind Adlı Romanda Irkçılık ve Kimlik Kavramları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 303 - 324, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.47140/kusbder.1313914

Öz

Pramoedya Ananta Toer'in This Earth of Mankind adlı romanı kimlik bunalımı ve sömürgeciliğin kalıcı etkilerine odaklanan dokunaklı bir edebi başyapıttır. Roman, kimlik ve baskı kavramlarının kurgusuyla sömürge ülkelerin doğasında var olan derin güç ilişkileri ağını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Roman, aynı zamanda sömüren ve sömürülenler arasındaki muazzam eşitsizliklerin yanı sıra yerli halkın sistematik baskıya maruz bırakıldığı ırksal ve sosyoekonomik hiyerarşileri de aydınlatıyor. Roman, Javalı (Endonezya) eğitimli bir erkek ve yerli kültürünün bir temsilcisi olarak Hollandalıların egemen olduğu bir toplumda çift kimliğiyle mücadele etme konusunda zorluklar yaşayan yerli Minke'nin hikayesini anlatıyor. Bu bağlamda, bu makale, ana karakterlerin ve onların ilişkilerinin derinlemesine araştırılması yoluyla, sömürü zemininde farklı kimliklerin ortaya çıkışının altını çizmektedir. Ayrıca, makale, otoriter sömürge sisteminin romandaki diğer karakterlerin kimliklerini nasıl etkilediğine ve sınırladığına odaklanmaktadır. Postkolonyal teori ve tarihsel bağlama da dayanarak, bu makale ayrıca This Earth of Mankind romanında sürekli ortaya çıkan kimlik mücadelesi, kültürel asimilasyon ve direniş temalarına da ışık tutmaktadır. Böylece, hem sömürgeciler hem de sömürülenler üzerindeki psikolojik, sosyal ve kültürel etkileri daha iyi anlamayı sağlayacaktır. Sonuç olarak, bu makale, Toer'ün başyapıtını derinlemesine analiz ederek, dekolonizasyon, kimlik siyaseti ve sömürgeciliğin mirası üzerine devam eden tartışmalara katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. R. (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
  • Anderson, B. R. (1998). The specter of comparison: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World. London: Verso. Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2017). Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.
  • Cross, W. E. (1991). Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity. PA: Temple University Press.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.
  • Levine, D. S. (1993). Who is Javanese? Imagining the Past, Constructing the Present: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and the Historical Imagination in Indonesia. Athens: Ohio University Press.
  • Mills, C. W. (1997). The Racial Contract. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Mrázek, R. (2003). Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in a Colony. NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Scott, J. C. (1985). Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (pp. 271-313). University of Illinois Press.
  • Toer, P. A. (1980). This Earth of Mankind. London: Penguin Books.
  • Trahair, L. (2000). What Color Is Love?: The Racial Imagination in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's This Earth of Mankind. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 31(1), 67-83.

Unmasking Colonial Hypocrisy: Analyzing Racism and Identity in This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 303 - 324, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.47140/kusbder.1313914

Öz

This Earth of Mankind, by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, is a moving literary masterpiece that looks into the complexity of identity and the lingering impacts of colonial subjugation. The novel's analysis of oppression reveals the deep web of power relations inherent in colonial countries. The novel illuminates the enormous inequalities between the colonizers and the colonized, as well as the racial and socioeconomic hierarchies that sustain the systemic oppression of the indigenous population. It follows Minke, a Javanese native protagonist, as he struggles with his multiple identities as an educated man finding his way through Dutch-dominated society and as a representation of his indigenous culture. In this regard, this article emphasizes the varied nature of identity creation in a colonial situation through an in-depth investigation of major characters and their relationships. Additionally, the article focuses on how the authoritarian colonial system impacts and constrains the identities of other individuals in the novel. Drawing upon postcolonial theories and historical context as well, this article also sheds light on the recurring themes of identity negotiation, cultural assimilation, and resistance within This Earth of Mankind. It aims to foster a better understanding of the psychological, social, and cultural impacts of colonialism on both the colonizers and the colonized. Ultimately, this article aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on decolonization, identity politics, and the legacy of colonialism through an in-depth analysis of Toer's masterpiece.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. R. (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
  • Anderson, B. R. (1998). The specter of comparison: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World. London: Verso. Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2017). Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.
  • Cross, W. E. (1991). Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity. PA: Temple University Press.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.
  • Levine, D. S. (1993). Who is Javanese? Imagining the Past, Constructing the Present: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and the Historical Imagination in Indonesia. Athens: Ohio University Press.
  • Mills, C. W. (1997). The Racial Contract. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Mrázek, R. (2003). Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in a Colony. NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Scott, J. C. (1985). Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (pp. 271-313). University of Illinois Press.
  • Toer, P. A. (1980). This Earth of Mankind. London: Penguin Books.
  • Trahair, L. (2000). What Color Is Love?: The Racial Imagination in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's This Earth of Mankind. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 31(1), 67-83.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer), Göç, Etnisite ve Çok Kültürlülük Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Recep Taş 0000-0002-5838-1948

Zeynep Ertürk İçen 0009-0004-6103-923X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Taş, M. R., & Ertürk İçen, Z. (2023). Unmasking Colonial Hypocrisy: Analyzing Racism and Identity in This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 303-324. https://doi.org/10.47140/kusbder.1313914