The Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Prophylactic Practices in Hospitalized Patients in Surgical Clinics

Öz

Objective: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common problem in the surgical process. Especially during major surgical operations, the deterioration of the coagulation system, trauma of deep veins and long-term bed rest after surgery are effective in increasing the risk of DVT. Determining the DVT risk of patients in surgical clinics is one of the important issues for surgical nurses. This study was planned to determine postoperative DVT risk and prophylactic practices in the general surgery clinic hospitalized patients. Methods: The descriptive study was conducted with 100 patients who underwent surgery in the general surgery service of a training and research hospital between May and August 2021, after obtaining ethical committee and institutional permissions. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using “Patient Diagnosis Form” and “Autar DVT Risk Assessment Scale Diagnostic Scale.” Results: Among the applications to prevent DVT; 69% of the patients were mobilized, graded compression stockings were applied to 35% and heparin was applied to 80%. Among the diagnostic criteria for DVT; 12% had calf pain, 9% had unilateral leg edema, 11% had bilateral leg edema, and 5% had tenderness in the leg. There was sensory loss in the leg in 4% and motor loss in the leg in 3%. The mean DVT risk diagnosis score of the patients was 13.96±4.88 (min:5-max:28). Accordingly, the patients were in the intermediate risk group. Conclusion: It can be recommended to expand the use of scales to diagnose DVT effectively, keep the information of surgical nurses up-to-date, and develop appropriate prophylaxis methods for patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deep vein thrombosis
• autar DVT risk assessment scale
• nursing care
• postoperative complication

Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde Yatan Hastalarda Derin Ven Trombozu Riski ve Profilaktik Uygulamaların İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Derin ven trombozu (DVT) cerrahi süreçte sıklıkla ortaya çıkan bir sorundur. Özellikle büyük cerrahi ameliyatlar sırasında koagülasyon sisteminin bozulması, derin venlerin travması ve ameliyat sonrası uzun süren yatak istirahati gibi nedenler DVT riskinin artmasında etkili olmaktadır. Cerrahi kliniklerindeki hastaların DVT riskinin belirlenmesi cerrahi hemşireleri açısından önemli konulardan biridir. Bu çalışma, genel cerrahi kliniğinde yatan hastaların ameliyat sonrası DVT riskinin ve profilaktik uygulamaların belirlenmesi amacıyla planlandı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırma, etik kurul ve kurum izinlerinin alınmasının ardından, Mayıs-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin genel cerrahi servisinde ameliyat olan 100 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, “Hasta Tanılama Formu” ve “Autar DVT Riski Tanılama Ölçeği” kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplandı. Bulgular: DVT’yi önlemeye yönelik uygulamalar arasında; hastaların %69’u mobilize edilmiş, %35’ine dereceli kompresyon varis çorabı ve %80’ine heparin uygulaması yapılmıştı. Hastaların %12’sinde baldır ağrısı, %9’unda tek taraflı bacak ödemi, %11’inde çift taraflı bacak ödemi, %5’inde de bacakta hassasiyet mevcuttu. %4’ünde bacakta duyu kaybı, %3’ünde bacakta motor kayıp vardı. Hastaların DVT riski tanılama puan ortalaması 13,96±4,88 (min:5-max28)’di. Buna göre hastalar orta derece risk grubunda yer almaktaydı. Sonuç: Etkili DVT tanılamasının yapılabilmesi için ölçek kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması, cerrahi servislerde görev yapan hemşirelerin konuyla ilgili bilgilerinin güncel tutulması ve hastalara uygun profilaksi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• derin ven trombozu
• Autar DVT Risk Tanılama Ölçeği
• hemşirelik bakımı
• ameliyat sonrası komplikasyon

Kaynakça

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