The Effect of Listening to Music on Surgical Fear and Anxiety before Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Öz

Objective: Listening to music has been used as an intervention during both the treatment and rehabilitation process. Cardiac surgery is stressful and generates fear for most patients. This study assessed the effect of listening to music on the level of surgical fear and state anxiety of the patients, who were undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This randomized controlled trial consisted of 50 patients in the intervention group and 50 patients in the control group. Two days before cardiac surgery, the intervention group listened to music for about 45 minutes each day. The control group received no music intervention. Patients’ state anxiety and surgical fear were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Surgical Fear Scale. Results: After the music intervention, the mean surgical fear of the intervention group was 29.04±10.31, and the control group was 50.68±13.65. The state anxiety rate of the intervention group was 39.56 ± 9.37. The state anxiety rate of the control group was found to be 56.94±13.90. The difference between the mean state anxiety and surgical fear scores before cardiac surgery were statistically significant between the intervention group and control group. Conclusion: A music listening program may aid patients in the preoperative period to reduce stress and anxiety and is well accepted by patients. Listening to music as an intervention for patients, expecting to undergo cardiac surgery was feasible and the results suggest a high degree of effectiveness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• music therapy
• cardiac surgery
• surgical fear
• anxiety
• nursing care

Kaynakça

1. Aydemir Y, Dogu O, Amasya A, et al. Evaluation of anxiety and depression frequency and related characteristics in chronic respiratory and heart diseases. Sakarya MJ. 2015;5:199-203. doi: 10.5505/sakaryamedj.2015.24392.
2. Yardakcı R, Akyolcu N. The effect of the visits made preopreation on the patients’ anxiety level. HEMAR-G. 2014;1:7-14.
3. Cimilli C. Anxiety to surgery. J Clin Psy. 2001;4:182-6.
4. D’Alessadro MA. Simple steps to reduce anxiety in surgical patients. OR Nurse. 2015;9:48. doi: 10.1097/01.ORN.0000460909.80845.30.
5. Koc EM, Baser DA, Kahveci R, et al. Food of the soul and body: music and medicine from past to present. Konuralp Med J. 2015;8:51-55. doi: 10.18521/ktd.83286.
6. Gillen E, Biley F, Allen D. Effects of music listening on adult patients' pre-procedural state anxiety in hospital. Int J Evid Bas Health. 2008;6:24-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-1609.2007.00097.
7. Nilsson U. The anxiety- and pain-reducing effects of music interventions: a systematic review. AORN J. 2008;87:780-807. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2007.09.013.
8. Cepeda MS, Carr DB, Lau J, et al. Music for pain relief. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006;2:43-8. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004843.pub2.

9. Gencel O. Music treatment. Kastamonu Edu J. 2006;14:697-706.
10. Kaya E. A, Bilik Ö. Current nursing approaches after heart valve surgery: why care is important?. Balıkesir Health Sciences Journal. 2018;7(2):101-111. doi: 10.5505/bsbd.2018.93585.
11. Oner N, A. Le Compte. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook, Bogazici University Publications, Turkey, 1985.
12. Theunissen M, Peters ML, Schouten EGW, et al. Validation of the surgial fear questionnaire in adult patients waiting for elective surgery. PLoS One. 2014;9:6-19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100225.
13. Bagdigen M, Karaman Ozlu Z. Validation of the Turkish version of the surgical fear questionnaire. ASPAN. 2017;33:708-14. doi: 10.1016/jopan.2017.05.007.
14. https://tumata.com/muzik-terapi/turk-muzigi-makamlari-ve-etkileri/. (10.07.2018).
15. Dai SW, Huang ST, Xu, et al. The effect of music therapy on pain, anxiety and depression in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2020;15(81):2-5. doi: 10.1186/s13019-020-01141-y
16. Morris K, Ward K. Perioperative Nursing in Nursing Adults: The Practice of Caring (Broker C. & Nicol M., eds), Mosby, Edinburgh, pp. 879-922. 2003.
17. Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Hiratos M. Music and its effect on anxiety in short waiting periods: a critical appraisal. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14:145-155. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01033. x.
18. Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P, et al. The effect of music on perioperative anxiety in day surgery. J Adv Nurs. 2004;52:47-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-2648.2005.03563. x.
19. Yung PMB, Chiu-Kam S, French P, et al. A controlled trial of music and pre-operative anxiety in Chinese men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. J Adv Nurs. 2002;39:352–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02296. x.
20. Yung PMB, Chiu-Kam S, Lau BWK, et al. The effect of music in managing preoperative stress for Chinese surgical patients in the operating room holding area: a controlled trial. Int J Stress Manage. 2003;10:64–74. doi: 10. 1037/1072-5245.10.1.64.
21. Hamel WJ. The effect of intervention on anxiety in the patient waiting for cardiac catheterization. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2001;17:279-285. doi: 10. 1054/iccn.2001.1594.
22. Buffum MD, Sasso C, Sands LP, et al. A music intervention to reduce anxiety before vascular angiography procedures. J Vasc Nurs. 2006;24:68-73. doi: 10. 1016/j.jvn.2006.04.001.
23. Taylor-Piliae RE, Chair S. The effect of nursing interventions utilizing music therapy or sensory information on Chinese patients' anxiety prior to cardiac catheterization: a pilot study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2002;1:203–11. doi: 10. 1016/S1474-5151(02)00037-3.
24. K. Bally, D. Camphell, K. Chesnick, et al. Effects of patient-controlled music therapy during coronary angiography on procedural pain and anxiety distress syndrome. Crit Care Nurse. 2003;23:50-57. doi: 10.4037/ccn2003.23.2.50.
25. L.L. Buzatto, S.S.V. Zanei. Patients’ anxiety before cardiac catheterization. Einstein. 2010;8:483–487. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082010RW1517.