Evaluation of Cutaneous Leishmania Cases and Diagnostic Methods in Batman

Öz

Objective: The diagnostic method used in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) often depends not on the accuracy of the diagnosis but on the existing infrastructure and resources of the diagnostic facility. It is important to apply a practical and sensitive method in regions where diagnostic possibilities are limited. This study aims to examine the cases diagnosed with CL and the diagnosis method in Batman between July 2021 and July 2023. Methods: Totally 17 patients were referred to the Microbiology Laboratory with a prediagnosis of CL. Demographic data of the patients were obtained from the Hospital Information Management System. The fine needle aspiration method was preferred as the diagnostic method in 2021, the samples were taken by partial removal of the suspected crust of scar/ulcer in 2022 and 2023. Results: With the suspicion of Leishmaniasis lesion, 5 patients in 2021, 8 patients in 2022 and 4 patients in 2023 were referred to our laboratory. Samples were taken with the fine needle aspiration method in 2021 and Leishmania sp. amastigotes were detected in one of five patients. In the samples taken in 2022 and 2023, the sample was taken by partial removal of the crust. Leishmania sp. amastigotes were detected in 6 of 8 suspected patients in 2022 and in 3 of 4 suspected patients in 2023. Conclusion: In this study, 10 CLs were diagnosed and it was observed that taking samples by removing the wound/ulcer crust made it easier to detect the agent. All the cases were local and were thought to be independent of Syrian migration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
• diagnostic method
• sand flies
• parasite

Kaynakça

1. Bennis I, Verdonck K, El Khalfaoui N, et al. Accuracy of a Rapid Diagnostic Test Based on Antigen Detection for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients with Suggestive Skin Lesions in Morocco. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;99(3):716-722. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0066
2. Roberts T, Keddie SH, Rattanavong S, et al. Accuracy of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):782. doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08772-1
3. Mokni M. [Cutaneous leishmaniasis]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2019;146(3):232-246. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2019.02.002
4. de Vries HJC, Schallig HD. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A 2022 Updated Narrative Review into Diagnosis and Management Developments. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23(6):823-840. doi:10.1007/s40257-022-00726-8
5. Burza S, Croft SL, Boelaert M. Leishmaniasis. Lancet (London, England). 2018;392(10151):951-970. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31204-2
6. Ozaras R, Leblebicioglu H, Sunbul M, et al. The Syrian conflict and infectious diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016;14(6):547-555. doi:10.1080/14787210.2016.1177457
7. Ok UZ, Balcioğlu IC, Taylan Ozkan A, Ozensoy S, Ozbel Y. Leishmaniasis in Turkey. Acta Trop. 2002;84(1):43-48. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00134-1
8. Çulha G, Akçali C. Hatay ve Çevresinde Saptanan Kutanöz Leishmaniasis Olguları Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in Hatay and Surrounding Areas. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derg. 2006;30(4):268-271.

9. Korkmaz S, Özgöztaşı O, Kayıran N. The Assesment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Admiting to Gaziantep University of Medicine Faculty Leishmaniasis Diagnosis and Treatment Center. Türkiye Parazitoloji Derg. 2015;39(1):13-16. http://search/yayin/detay/197776
10. Gurel MS, Ulukanligil M, Ozbilge H. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa: epidemiologic and clinical features of the last four years (1997-2000). Int J Dermatol. 2002;41(1):32-37. doi:10.1046/j.0011-9059.2001.01396.x
11. Yazısız H, Çekin Y, Aydın Tığlı G, Koçlar FG, Gür N. Retrospective Evaluation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Results: Data from a Tertiary Hospital in Antalya. Akdeniz Med J. 2020;6(3):506-510.
12. Aytekin S, Ertem M, Yağdiran O, Aytekin N. Clinico-epidemiologic study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Diyarbakir Turkey. Dermatol Online J. 2006;12(3):14.
13. Yemisen M, Ulas Y, Celik H, Aksoy N. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 7172 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa, between 2001 and 2008. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(3):300-304. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05059.x
14. de Vries HJC, Reedijk SH, Schallig HDFH. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: recent developments in diagnosis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015;16(2):99-109. doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0114-z
15. Goto H, Lindoso JAL. Current diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8(4):419-433. doi:10.1586/eri.10.19
16. Galluzzi L, Ceccarelli M, Diotallevi A, Menotta M, Magnani M. Real-time PCR applications for diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):273. doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2859-8
17. Boggild AK, Miranda-Verastegui C, Espinosa D, et al. Optimization of microculture and evaluation of miniculture for the isolation of Leishmania parasites from cutaneous lesions in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79(6):847-852.
18. Santarém N, Cordeiro da Silva A. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. In: Communicating Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology. ; 2007:839-846.