Disaster Recovery Conviction Scale regarding Elderly Individuals

Öz

Objective: This study aims to develop the “Disaster Recovery Conviction Scale regarding Elderly Individuals” and to contribute to the literature by considering the vulnerabilities of elderly individuals as a result of their fragile nature. Methods: The scale development consisted of forming a question pool, obtaining expert opinions, creating a trial form, and the stages of validity and reliability. While examining the validity of the scale, construct validity, convergent validity and internal validity were examined. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to determine construct validity. To determine the internal validity, a 27% subgroup-group comparison was made. Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value for the 12 items evaluated in developing the scale was found to be 0.763, and the Bartlett test result was found to be 261.827 (p<0.001). It was concluded that the fit values were at the desired level and that the structure of the scale was confirmed. It demonstrates strong internal validity, enabling precise differentiation between individuals with low scores and those with high scores on the scale. The “Disaster Recovery Conviction Scale regarding Elderly Individuals” which was developed, consists of a single dimension and eight items, from which 54.01 of the variances in the disaster recovery conviction can be explained. The Cronbach α reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.87, which indicates high reliability. Conclusion: As a result of the analyses, it is observed that the ‘Disaster Recovery Belief Scale for Elderly Individuals’ is at an acceptable level in terms of scope, content and structure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Conviction
• disaster
• disaster rescue
• elderly individual
• scale

Kaynakça

1. Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I, Wisner B. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters. Routledge; 2014. doi:10.4324/9780203714775
2. Veenema TG, Walden B, Feinstein N, Williams JP. Factors affecting hospital-based nurses' willingness to respond to a radiation emergency. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2008;2(4):224-229. doi:10.1097/DMP.0b013e31818a2b7a
3. Wai Man Fung O, Yuen Loke A. Disaster preparedness of families with young children in Hong Kong. Scand J Public Health. 2010;38(8):880-888. doi:10.1177/14034948103824
4. Paton D. Responding to hazard effects: promoting resilience and adjustment adoption. Aust J Emerg Manag. 2001;16(1):47-52.
5. Rafiey H, Momtaz YA, Alipour F, et al. Are older people more vulnerable to long-term impacts of disasters? Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1791-1795. doi:10.2147/CIA.S122122
6. Sanderson D, Sharma A. Resilience: Saving Lives Today, Investing for Tomorrow. World Disasters Report; IFRC: Geneva, Switzerland; 2016.
7. Alipour F, Khankeh H, Fekrazad H, et al. Social issues and post-disaster recovery: A qualitative study in an Iranian context. Int Soc Work. 2015;58(5):689-703. doi:10.1177/0020872815584426
8. Jia Z, Tian W, Liu W, et al. Are the elderly more vulnerable to psychological impact of natural disaster? A population-based survey of adult survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-172

9. Bodstein A, Lima VVAD, Barros AMAD. The vulnerability of the elderly in disasters: The need for an effective resilience policy. Ambiente & Sociedade. 2014;17:157-174. doi:10.1590/S1414-753X2014000200011
10. Kar N. Care of older persons during and after disasters: Meeting the challenge. J Geriatr Care Res. 2016;3(1):7-12.
11. Murata M. Recovery and reconstruction after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Japan. Magazine@LocalGlob. 2006;(10).
12. James C. Hurricane evacuation and the vulnerability of older adults: Hurricane Katrina as a case example. Chic Pol Rev. 2007;11:21-32.
13. Cohen RJ, Swerdlik ME, Phillips SM. Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Tests and Measurement. Mayfield Publishing Co; 1996.
14. Erkuş A. Measurement and Scale Development in Psychology-I: Basic Concepts and Operations [Psikolojide Ölçme ve Ölçek Geliştirme-I: Temel Kavramlar ve İşlemler]. 2nd ed. Pegem Academy; 2014.
15. Büyüköztürk Ş. Data Analysis Handbook for Social Sciences [Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı]. Pegem Academy; 2010.
16. Şencan H. Reliability and Validity in Social and Behavioral Measurements [Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik]. Seçkin Publishing Industry and Trade Inc; 2005.
17. Sönmez V, Alacapınar G. Preparing Measurement Tool in Social Sciences [Sosyal Bilimlerde Ölçme Aracı Hazırlama]. Memoir Publishing; 2016.
18. Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Research Methods in Social Sciences: Philosophy, Method, Analysis [Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: Felsefe, Yöntem, Analiz]. Seçkin Publishing; 2015.
19. Ünüvar H. A Scale Development Study and the Mediating Role of Work-Life Balance in the Effect of Five Factor Personality Traits on Happiness at Work [Beş Faktör Kişilik Özelliklerinin İşte Mutluluğa Etkisinde İş-Yaşam Dengesi’nin Aracı Rolü ve Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması] [Doctoral dissertation]. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Institute of Social Sciences; 2021.
20. Hassani P, Izadi-Avanji FS, Rakhshan M, Majd HA. A phenomenological study on resilience of the elderly suffering from chronic disease: a qualitative study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2017;10:59-67.
21. Aldrich DP, Meyer MA. Social capital and community resilience. Am Behav Sci. 2015;59(2):254-269.
22. Daddoust L, Khankeh H, Ebadi A, Sahaf R, Nakhaei M, Asgary A. The vulnerability of the Iranian elderly in disasters: Qualitative content analysis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2018;23(5):402-408.
23. Schröder-Butterfill E, Marianti R. A framework for understanding old-age vulnerabilities. Ageing Soc. 2006;26(1):9-35.
24. Hair JFJ, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed. Prentice Hall; 2010.
25. Tezbaşaran AA. Likert Type Scale Preparation Guide [Likert Tipi Ölçek Geliştirme Kılavuzu]. 3rd ed. Mersin E‐Book; 2008.
26. DeVellis RF, Thorpe CT. Scale Development: Theory and Applications. Sage Publications; 2021.