Aromatherapy in Childbirth: A Systematic Review

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current studies and knowledge about aromatherapies used during childbirth, to bring evidence-based recommendations to our countries midwifery care model and to shed light into the fore-coming studies.

Methods: Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO host, Science Direct ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Dergi Park, Ulakbim, Turk Medline, Turkish Citation Index were used to search the current literature and 82 articles were retrieved. The key words used for search included “aromatherapy and labor pain” and “aromatherapy and childbirth”. Articles published within the past 18 years (January 2000 - November 2018) either in Turkish or in English were considered if they were performed as controlled randomized experimental studies.

Results: Thirty studies were excluded due to their unsuitability to the study. The studies were evaluated based on PRISMA (2009) assessment criteria. In the analysis, it was determined that 18 studies were randomized controlled and 6 studies were experimental studies. In addition, 2 systematic reviews, 2 meta-analyzes and 1 retrospective, 1 prospective study were also observed.  Most of the studies (15) reviewed were from Iran. Only two studies were found from our country.

Conclusion: The aromatherapy used during labor may decrease anxiety, increase relaxation, and ease labor pain. Studies reported positive effects of aromatherapy on exhaustion, labor duration, labor outcomes and the mother’s satisfaction of the birth.  In addition, it is our opinion that the authorization of nurses and midwives to use aromatherapy on their patients in our country and further randomized controlled studies are needed to provide more evidence for the use of aromatherapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aromatherapy,labour pain,complemantary and alternative therapy,nursing midwifery

Doğumda Kullanılan Aromaterapiler: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğumda kullanılan aromaterapiler hakkında güncel bilgi ve çalışmaları sistematik olarak analiz etmek, ülkemizin ebelik bakım modelinde kullanımı ile ilgili öneriler getirmek ve bu konu ile ilgili yapılacak araştırmalara öncülük etmektir.

Yöntem: Çalışma için Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO host, Science Direct ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Dergi Park, Ulakbim, Türk Medline ve Türkiye Atıf Dizini arama motorları kullanıldı ve erişilen 82 makale bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. “Aromaterapi ve doğum ağrısı” ve “aromaterapi ve doğum” anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak son 18 yılda (Ocak 2000-Ekim 2018), İngilizce ve Türkçe tam metnine ulaşılabilen, randomize kontrollü deneysel çalışmalar, sistematik inceleme ve meta analiz çalışmaları alınarak incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya uygunsuzluğu açısından 30 çalışma dışlandı. PRISMA (2009) bildirimi kriterleri esas alınarak analiz edildi. Yapılan analizde, 18 çalışmanın randomize kontrollü, 6 çalışmanın ise deneysel çalışma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 2 sistematik inceleme, 2 meta analiz, 1 retrospektif ve 1 prospektif çalışma yapıldığı gözlenmiştir. En çok İran’da (15) yapılan çalışmaya rastlanılmıştır. Ülkemize ait sadece iki çalışma olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Doğumda kullanılan aromaterapiler, anksiyeteyi azaltabilir, gevşemeyi kolaylaştırabilir ve doğum ağrısını hafifletebilir. Yorgunluk, doğum süresi, doğum sonuçları ve anne memnuniyeti üzerine de pozitif etkileri yapılan çalışmalarda bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca ebe ve hemşirelere tamamlayıcı tedavileri kullanmak üzere ülkemizde de yetkinlikler verilmesine, randomize kontrollü ve meta-analiz çalışmaları ile güçlü kanıtların elde edilmesine ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• doğum ağrısı,tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi,Aromaterapi,hemşirelik,ebelik

Kaynakça

1. Demirgöz Bal M, Dereli Yılmaz S, Berkiten Ergin A. Ebelere Yönelik Kapsamlı Doğum (1.baskı). Akademisyen Kitabevi, Ankara, 2017.
2. Kheirkhah M, Valipour NS, Neisani L, Haghani H. A controlled trial of the effect of aromatherapy on birth outcomes using " rose essential oil " ınhalation and foot bath. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2013;(1):4-9. doi:10.22038/jmrh.2013.2058
3. Luo T, Huang M, Xia H, Zeng Y. Aromatherapy for laboring women : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. OJN. 2014;3(4):163-168. doi:10.4236/ojn.2014.43021
4. Namazi M, Ali Akbari SA, Mojab F, Talebi A, Majd HA, Jannesari S. Effects of citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) on the severity of first-stage labor pain. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(3):1011-1018.
5. Smith CA, Collins CT, Crowther CA. Aromatherapy for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;6(7): doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009215
6. Tanvisut R, Traisrisilp K, Tongsong T. Efficacy of aromatherapy for reducing pain during labor: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;297(5):1145-1150. doi:10.1007/s00404-018-4700-1
7. Yazdkhasti M, Pirak A. The Effect of aromatherapy with lavender essence on severity of labor pain and duration of labor in primiparous women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;25:81-83. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.08.008
8. Alleemudder DI, Kuponiyi Y, Kuponiyi C, McGlennan A, Fountain S, Kasivisvanathan R. Analgesia for labour: an evidence-based insight for the obstetrician. Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;17(3):147-155. doi:10.1111/tog.12196

9. Bodeker, Gerard, Ong, et al. WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. Kobe, Japan, 2005‎. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43108. 13 Aralık 2018’de erişildi.
10. Amanak K, Karaöz B, Sevil Ü. Alternatif / Tamamlayıcı tıp ve kadın sağlığı. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2013;12(4):441-448.
11. Asazawa K, Kato Y, Yamaguchi A, Inoue A. The effect of aromatherapy treatment on fatigue and relaxation for mothers during the early puerperal period in Japan : A Pilot Study. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017;5(4):365-375.
12. Igarashi T. Physical and Psychologic effects of aromatherapy ınhalation on pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(10):805-810. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0103
13. Kaviani M, Maghbool S, Azima S, Tabaei MH. Comparison of the effect of aromatherapy with Jasminum officinale and Salvia officinale on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women. J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(6):666-672.
14. Burns E, Zobbi V, Panzeri D, Oskrochi R, Regalia A. Aromatherapy in childbirth: A pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;114(7):838-844. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01381.x
15. Smith CA, Collins CT, Crowther CA. Aromatherapy for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;7. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009215.
16. Bilgiç Ş. Hemşirelikte holistik bir uygulama; Aromaterapi. Namık Kemal Tıp Derg. 2017;5(3):134-141.
17. Şar S, Kahya E, Ataç A. Aromaterapi̇ni̇n tari̇hçesi̇ ve bu alanda kullanılan tıbbi̇ bi̇tki̇lerden örnekler. Lokman Hekim Derg. 2011;5(3):32-33.
18. Karagöz Arıhan S. Antik Dönemde Tıp ve Bitkisel Tedavi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü; 2003.
19. Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601-611. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.007
20. Vakilian K, Keramat A, Gharacheh M. Controlled breathing with or without lavender aromatherapy for labor pain at the first stage : A randomized clinical trial. CJMB. 2018;5(3):172-175.
21. Ernst E. Prevalence of use of complementary/alternative medicine: A systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(2):252-257. Doi:10.1590/S0042-96862000000200015
22. World Health Organization. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. Altern Integr Med. 2013;1(1):1-78. https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/en/
23. Tillett J, Ames D. The Uses of Aromatherapy in Women’s Health. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2010;24(3):238-245. doi:10.1097/JPN.0b013e3181ece75d.
24. Yılar Erkek Z, Pasinlioğlu T. Doğum ağrısında kullanılan tamamlayıcı tedavi yöntemleri. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2016;19:71-77. doi:10.17049/ahsbd.09559
25. Rashidi-Fakari F, Tabatabaeichehr M, Mortazavi H. The effect of aromatherapy by essential oil of orange on anxiety during labor: A randomized clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20(6):661-664. doi:10.4103/1735-9066.170001.
26. Lamadah SM, Nomani I. The effect of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil on the level of pain and anxiety during labour among primigravida women. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2016;5(2):37-44. doi:10.11648/j.ajns.20160502.11
27. Michal M, Dorota T, Andrzej T. Non-pharmacological methods of labor pain relief. J Educ Heal Sport. 2018;8(9):1105-1114. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1421220
28. Karabulut H. Doğum Eyleminde Aromaterapinin Etkileri [Yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2014.
29. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting ıtems for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Anticancer Res. 2015;35(8):4419-4424. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
30. Burns EE, Blamey C, Ersser SJ, Barnetson L, Lloyd AJ. An Investigation into the use of aromatherapy in ıntrapartum midwifery practice. J Altern Complement Med. 2000;6(2):141-147. doi:10.1089/acm.2000.6.141
31. Vardanjani SA, Shafai FS, Mohebi P, et al. Wound healing benefits of curcumin for perineal repair after episiotomy: results of an ıranian randomized controlled trial. Life Sci J. 2012;9(4):5536-5541.
32. Dhany AL, Mitchell T, Foy C. Aromatherapy and massage ıntrapartum service ımpact on use of analgesia and anesthesia in women in labor: A retrospective case note analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(10):932-938. doi:10.1089/acm.2011.0254.
33. Vakilian K, Keramat A. The effect of the breathing technique with and without aromatherapy on the length of the active phase and second stage of labor. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2013;1(3):115-119. doi:10.5812/nms.9886
34. Alavi A, Askari M, Nejad ED, Badheri P. Study the effect of massage with jasmine oil in comparison to aromatherapy with jasmine oil on childbirth process in hospitals of Abadan city in 2013. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2017;10(4):904-909.
35. Zahra A, Leila MS. Lavender aromatherapy massages in reducing labor pain and duration of labor : A randomized controlled trial. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013;7(8):426-430. doi:10.5897/AJPP12.391
36. Joseph RM, Fernandes P. Effectiveness of jasmine oil massage on reduction of labor pain among primigravida mothers. Nitte Univ J Heal Sci. 2013;3(4):104-107. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113.4.592
37. Kaviani M, Azima S, Alavi N, Tabaei MH. The effect of lavender aromatherapy on pain perception and intrapartum outcome in primiparous women. Br J Midwifery. 2014;2(22):125-128. doi:10.12968/bjom.2014.22.2.125
38. Raju J, Signh M. Effectiveness of aromatherapy and biofeedback in promotion of labour outcome during childbirth among primigravidas. Health Science Journal. 2015;9(1):1-5.
39. Poongodi V. A Descriptive Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Aromatherapy during First Stage of Labour in Selected Hospitals at Kolar District Karnataka. JNHS. 2015;4(5):34-38. doi:10.9790/1959-04533438
40. Makvandi S, Mirteimoori M, Najmabadi KM, Sadeghi R. A review of randomized clinical trials on the effect of aromatherapy with lavender on labor pain relief. NCOAJ. 2016;1(3):42-47. doi:10.15406/ncoaj.2016.01.00014
41. Kamalifard M, Delazar A, Satarzade N, Mirghafourvand M, Dousti R. The comparison of the impact of lavender and Valerian aromatherapy on reduction of the active phase among Nulliparous women: A double blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Med Res Heal Sci. 2016;5:532-538.
42. Karo Koro HY, Pramono N, et al. Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) aromatherapy as an alternative treatment ın reducing pain ın primiparous mothers ın the active first stage of labor. Belitung Nursing Journal. 2017;3(4):420-425. doi:10.33546/bnj.159.
43. Indra V. Research A study to assess the effectiveness of aromatherapy during first stage of labour among women in selected hospitals, Puducherry. AJNER. 2017;7(4):495-499. doi:10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00096.9
44. Cenkci Z, Nazik E. The effect of aromatherapy on pain, comfort and satisfaction during childbirth. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and social sciences. 2017;4(2):11-19.
45. Heidari-Fard S, Mohammadi M, Fallah S. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice The e ff ect of chamomile odor on contractions of the fi rst stage of delivery in primpara women : A clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;32(4):61-64. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.009
46. Hamdamian S, Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Hajian S, Mojab F. Effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena on nulliparous women’s pain and anxiety of labor during first stage of labor. J Integr Med. 2018;16(2):120-125. doi:10.1016/j.joim.2018.02.005
47. Chen S, Wang C, Chan P, et al. Labor pain control by aromatherapy : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Women Birth. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.09.010.
48. Esmaelzadeh-Saeieh S, Rahimzadeh M, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, Torkashvand S. The effects of ınhalation aromatherapy with boswellia carterii essential oil on the ıntensity of labor pain among nulliparous women. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2018;6(4):162-167. doi:10.4103/nms.nms.