Genç Erişkinlerin Human Papilloma Virüs (HPV) ve HPV Aşısına İlişkin Bilgi ve Görüşleri: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı genç erişkinlerin Human Papilloma Virüs (HPV) enfeksiyonu ve HPV aşısına ilişkin bilgi ve görüşlerini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Analitik kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, 2020 yılının Ocak ve Nisan ayları arasında, İstanbul’da yaşayan 18-45 yaş aralığındaki 600 bireyle çevrim içi platformda kartopu yöntemi kullanılarak yapıldı. Çalışma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda ve uzman görüşleri alınarak geliştirilen 55 soruluk veri toplama formu ile elde edildi. Araştırmada tanımlayıcı istatistikler; ortalama, standart sapma, sayı ve yüzde olarak hesaplandı. Kategorik değişkenlerin analizinde Pearson ki-kare testi yapıldı. Sonuçlar %95 güven aralığında anlamlılık p<0,05 düzeyinde değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 27,07±10,01 (min:18; max:45) idi. Katılımcıların %33,2’sinin HPV hakkında bilgisi yoktu, %75,8’i HPV’nin bulaşıcı bir enfeksiyon olduğunu, %68,4’ü HPV’nin kan yoluyla bulaşmadığını, %85,0’i cinsel yolla bulaştığını ve %81,6’sı fiziksel temas yoluyla bulaşmadığını bildiğini ifade etti. Katılımcıların %62,7’si HPV’nin kadınlarda serviks kanserine, %38,7’si ise penis kanserine neden olduğunu bildirdi. Katılımcıların %60,7’si HPV aşısını daha önce duymuş ve %1’i HPV aşısı yaptırmıştı. Human Papilloma Virüs, HPV’nin fiziksel temasla bulaşmaması durumu, HPV’nin serviks ve penis kanserine neden olma durumu, Pap smear, HPV aşısı ve HPV aşısının ücreti konularında kadınların erkeklerden daha fazla bilgiye sahip olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada genç erişkinlerin HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşısı ile ilgili kısmen yeterli bilgiye sahip olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Toplumun çok yaygın görülen bir cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyon olan HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşısıyla ilgili farkındalığının oluşturulması sağlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aşı
• bilgi
• görüş
• HPV
• serviks kanseri

Knowledge and Attitude of Young Adults on HPV Infection and HPV Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and opinions of young adults on Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccine. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was collected by snowballing online platform with 600 individuals between the ages of 18-45 living in Istanbul between January and April 2020. The study data were obtained by the 55-question data collection form developed by the researchers in line with the literature and taking expert opinions. Descriptive statistics in research; It was calculated as mean, standard deviation, number and percentage. Pearson's chi-square test was used for the analysis of categorical variables. The results were evaluated at a significance level of p <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.07 ± 10.01 (min: 18; max: 45). 33.2% of the participants did not know about HPV, 75.8% stated that HPV is a contagious infection, 68.4% HPV is not transmitted through blood, 85.0% is sexually transmitted and %81.6 of them stated that they knew that they were not transmitted through physical contact. 62.7% of the participants stated that HPV causes cervical cancer in women, and 38.7% of them penile cancer. 60.7% of the participants had heard of the HPV vaccine before and 1% had the HPV vaccine. It was determined that women have more information than men about the level of knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus, the state that HPV is not transmitted by physical contact, the state of HPV causing cervical and penile cancer, the level of knowledge about Pap smear, HPV vaccine and the cost of HPV vaccine. Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that young adults partially have sufficient knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine. It should be ensured that the public's awareness about HPV infection and vaccine, which is a very common sexually transmitted infection, should be raised.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• HPV
• information
• opinion
• vaccine
• cervical cancer

Kaynakça

1. Võrno T, Lutsar K, Uusküla A, Padrik L, Raud T, Reile R. Cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination in the context of high cervical cancer incidence and low screening coverage. Vaccine. 2017;35(46):6329-6335. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.083
2. HPV Information Centre. Human Papillomavirus and related diseases report. http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/XWX.pdf. Published March 2018. Accessed November 21, 2020.
3. Thompson EL, Wheldon CW, Rosen BL, Maness SB, Kasting ML, Massey PM. Awareness and knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination among adults ages 27–45 years. Vaccine. 2020;38(15):3143-3148. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.053
4. Hu Z, Ma D. The precision prevention and therapy of HPV‐related cervical cancer: new concepts and clinical implications. Cancer Med. 2018;7(10):5217-5236. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1501. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1501
5. Öztürker C, Sönmez G. Endometrium ve serviks kanserlerinde görüntüleme. Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri. 2015;3:1-11. doi:10.5152/trs.2015.158
6. Grigore M, Teleman SI, Pristavu A, Matei M. Awareness and knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine among romanian women. J Cancer Educ. 2018;33(1):154-159. doi: 10.1007/s13187-016-1130-2
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancers Caused by HPV. https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/cancer.html. Published 2018. Accessed November 18, 2020.
8. Giuliani M, Rollo F, Vescio MF et al. Oral human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM: the OHMAR prospective cohort study. Sex Transm Infect. 2020;96(7):528-536. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2019-054301

9. Demirel Bozkurt Ö, Hadımlı A, Şen E, İkde Öner Ö, Öztürk Can H. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin Human Papilloma Virüs (HPV) enfeksiyonu ve aşısına yönelik bilgi ve görüşleri: bölgesel farklılıklar. Uluslararası Hakemli Kadın Hastalıkları ve Anne Çocuk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2016;3(5):23-48.
10. Finocchario-Kessler S, Wexler C, Maloba M, Mabachi N, Ndikum-Moffor F, Bukusi E. Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: A systematic review from a public health perspective. BMC Women's Health. 2016;16(1):16-29. doi:10.1186/s12905-016-0306-6
11. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves Gardasil 9 for prevention of certain cancers caused by five additional types of HPV. https://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm426445.htm. Published 2014. Accessed December 03, 2020.
12. World Health Organization Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. 10 Aralık 2020 tarihinde http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervicalcancer. Published 2018. Accessed December 10, 2020.
13. Kops NL, Hohenberger GF, Bessel M, et al. Knowledge about HPV and vaccination among young adult men and women: Results of a national survey. Papillomavirus Res. 2019;7:123-128. doi: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.03.003
14. Aydoğdu M, Özsoy Ü. Serviks kanseri ve HPV. Androl Bul. 2018;20:25-29. doi:10.24898/tandro.2018.62533
15. Küçükceran H, Ağadayı E, Şentürk H. Evaluation of the approaches of women registered to a family medicine unit in Ankara regarding having cervical cancer screening tests. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2020;14(2):259-266. doi:10.21763/tjfmpc.650940
16. Gültekin M, Akgül B. HPV screening in Islamic countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(4):368. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30126-3
17. Maver PJ, Poljak M. Primary HPV-based cervical cancer screening in Europe: implementation status, challenges, and future plans. Clin Microbiol Infec. 2019;1-15.
18. Dilley SE, Peral S, Straughn JM, Scarinci IC. The challenge of HPV vaccination uptake and opportunities for solutions: Lessons learned from Alabama. Prev Med. 2018;113:124-131. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.021
19. McBride KR, Singh S. Predictors of adults’ knowledge and awareness of HPV, HPV-associated cancers, and the HPV vaccine: implications for health education. Health Educ Behav. 2018;45(1):68-76. doi:10.1177/1090198117709318
20. Aktu Y. Levinson’un kuramında ilk yetişkinlik döneminin yaşam yapısı. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2016;8(2):162-177. doi:10.18863/pgy.12690
21. Kepka D, Warner EL, Kinney AY, Spigarelli MG, Mooney K. Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine knowledge among Latino parents in Utah. J Immigr Minor Health. 2015;17:125-131. doi:10.1007/s10903-014-0003-1
22. Khan TM, Buksh MA, Rehman IU, Saleem A. Knowledge, attitudes, and perception towards human papillomavirus among university students in Pakistan. Papillomavirus Res. 2016;2:122-127. doi:10.1016/j.pvr.2016.06.001
23. Dany M, Chidiac A, Nassar AH. Human papillomavirus vaccination: assessing knowledge, attitudes, and intentions of college female students in Lebanon, a developing country. Vaccine. 2015;33(8):1001-1007. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.009
24. Nielsen A, Munk C, Liaw KL, Kjaer SK. Awareness of human papillomavirus in 23 000 Danish men from the general male population. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2009;3:236-239. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3283240607
25. Keten HS, Ucer H, Dalgaci AF, Isik O, Ercan Ö, Guvenc N. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of teachers regarding HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and vaccination. J Cancer Educ. 2019;1-7. doi:10.1007/s13187-019-01668-2
26. Giuliani M, Vescio MF, Dona MG, et al. Perceptions of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and acceptability of HPV vaccine among men attending a sexual health clinic differ. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2016;12:1542-1550. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1115935
27. Fu LY, Bonhomme LA, Cooper SC, Joseph JG, Zimet GD. Educational interventions to increase HPV vaccination acceptance: a systematic review. Vaccine. 201432(17), 1901-1920. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.091
28. Abudukadeer A, Azam S, Mutailipu AZ, Qun L, Guilin, G, Mijiti S. Knowledge and attitude of Uyghur women in Xinjiang province of China related to the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2015;13:110-117. doi:10.1186/s12957-015-0531-8
29. Kasymova S, Harrison SE, Pascal C. Knowledge and awareness of Human Papillomavirus among college students in South Carolina. Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment. 2019;12:1-9. doi:10.1177/1178633718825077
30. Alsaad MA, Shamsuddin K, Fadzil F. Knowledge towards HPV infection and HPV vaccines among Syrian mothers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(3):879-883. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.879
31. Grabiel M, Reutzel TJ, Wang, S, et al. HPV and HPV vaccines: the knowledge levels, opinions, and behavior of parents. J Community Health. 2013;38:1015-1021. doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9725-6
32. Assoumoul SZ, Mabika BM, Mbiguino AN, Mouallif M, Khattabi A, Ennaji MM. Awareness and knowledge regarding of cervical cancer, Pap smear screening and human papillomavirus infection in Gabonese women. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15:37-44. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0193-2
33. Koç, Z. University students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, and human papillomavirus vaccines in Turkey. J Am Coll Health. 2015;63(1):13-22. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.963107
34. Öztürk Y. Kadınların Pap smear tarama testini yaptırmalarının önündeki engeller. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi. 2020;29(1):61-68. doi:10.17942/sted.466811
35. López N, Garcés-Sánchez M, Panizo MB, et al. HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptance among European adolescents and their parents: a systematic literature review. Public Health Rev. 2020;41:1-24. doi:10.1186/s40985-020-00126-5
36. Ortiz RR, Smith A, Coyne-Beasley T. A systematic literature review to examine the potential for social media to impact HPV vaccine uptake and awareness, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV and HPV vaccination. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2019;15(7-8):1465-1475. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1581543
37. Yiğitalp G. Ebe ve hemşirelerin serviks kanseri, human papilloma virüs enfeksiyonu ve aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışları-Diyarbakır örneği. Türkiye Klinikleri Hemsirelik Bilimleri. 2019;11(4):357-366. doi:10.5336/nurses.2019-64833
38. Abulizi G, Abulimiti T, Li H, et al. Knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear among Uyghur women from Xinjiang, China. BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(1):21-29. doi:10.1186/s12905-018-0512-5
39. Bonafide KE, Vanable PA. Male human papillomavirus vaccine acceptance is enhanced by a brief intervention that emphasizes both male-specific vaccine benefits and altruistic motives. Sex Transm Infect. 2015;42(2):76-80. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000226
40. Karasu G, Adanir I, Aydin S, Ilhan GK, Ofli T. Nurses' knowledge and opinions on HPV vaccination: a cross-sectional study from Istanbul. J Cancer Educ. 2019;34(1):98-104. doi:10.1007/s13187-017-1272-x