Attitudes and Related Factors of Women in Turkey Towards Cancer Screening: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 118 - 126, 28.10.2024

Resmiye Kaya Odabaş , Rukiye Demir

https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1471350

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to examine women's attitudes and related factors towards cancer screening in Turkey.

Methods: This analytical-cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2022. The universe of the study consisted of all women between the ages of 30-70 in Turkey, and the sample included 335 women. The data of the study were collected online with the “Personal Information Form’’ and “Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening”.

Results: The average Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening total score of the women participating in the study was 84.36±14.55. Of the women who participated in the study, 33.1% did not perform breast self-examination, 63.1% did not perform clinical breast examination, 49.5% did not perform Pap smear and HPV-DNA testing, 60.9% did not perform mammography, 76.1% did not perform fecal occult blood testing and 93.8% did not perform colonoscopy. It was determined that education status, breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, Pap Smear and HPV-DNA test frequencies, and knowing the places where cancer screening was performed affected the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening score averages (F = 8.729, p = 0.000).

Conclusion: It was determined that the attitudes of the women participating in the study towards cancer screening were moderate. Several factors are done affect attitudes towards cancer screening.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attitudes towards cancer screening, breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, fecal occult blood, mammography, pap smear test

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. Published August 2024. Accessed August 24, 2024.
• World Health Organization. Global cancer burden growing, amidst mounting need for services. https://www.who.int/news/item/01-02-2024-global-cancer-burden-growing--amidst-mounting-need-for-services. Published February 2024. Accessed August 23, 2024.
• Willems B, Bracke P. The impact of regional screening policies on the diffusion of cancer screening participation in Belgium: Time trends in educational inequalities in Flanders and Wallonia. BMC Health Services Research. 2018;18(943):1-13. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3746-x.
• Zamorano-Leon JJ, López-de-Andres A, Álvarez-González A, et al. Reduction from 2011 to 2017 in adherence to breast cancer screening and non-improvement in the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women living in Spain. Maturitas. 2020;135:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.02.007.
• World Health Organization. Promoting cancer early diagnosis. https://www.who.int/activities/promoting-cancer-early-diagnosis. Published March 2023. Accessed August 22, 2024.
• T.R. Ministry of Health Turkey General Directorate of Public Health Cancer Department. Cancer screenings. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-taramalari. Published June, 2021. Accessed August 5, 2024.
• T.R. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health. Turkey cancer control programme. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/dokumanlar-kanserdb/raporlar.html. Published 2021. Accessed August 22, 2024.
• Jedy-Agba E, Joko WY, Liu B, et al. Trends in cervical cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Br J Cancer. 2020;123:148–54. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0831-9.
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Hannah EF, et al. Cancer statistics. Cancer J for Clin. 2021; 72(3):7-33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21708.
• Wu Z, Liu Y, Li X, et al. Factors associated with breast cancer screening participation among women in Mainland China: A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2019;26;9(8):e028705. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028705.
• T.R. Turkish Statistical Institute. Woman with Statistics. 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2021-45635. Published March, 2022. Accessed August 5, 2024.
• Brisson M, Kim JJ, Canfell K, et al. Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: A comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Lancet. 2020;395:575–90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30068-4.
• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(1):7-33. doi: 10.3322/caac.21654.
• Yıldırım Öztürk EN, Uyar M, Şahin TK. Development of an attitude scale for cancer screening. Turk J Oncol. 2020;35(4):394-404. doi: 10.5505/tjo.2020.2341.
• Bağcı HH, Aksungur A, Özdemirkan T. Knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards cancer screening: municipal employees example. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 2024;41(1):166-171. doi: 10.52142/omujecm.41.1.28.
• Yeğenler F, Tunç Karaman S, Yeğenler B, et al. Evaluation of attitudes and behaviors towards cancer screening in people aged 30-70. European Journal of Human. 2023;1(1):15-25 doi: 10.29228/ejhh.68882.
• Turkey-Global Cancer Observatory. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/792-turkey-fact-sheets.pdf. Published March, 2022. Accessed June 19, 2022.
• Labrie NH, Ludolph R, Schulz PJ. Investigating young women’s otivations to engage in early mammography screening in Witzerland: Results of a crosssectional study. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):209. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3180-1.
• The Ministry of Health of Türkiye. Turkey health statistics yearbook. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,89801/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2020html. Published March, 2020. Accessed June 11, 2022.
• May FP, Anandasabapathy S. Colon cancer in Africa: Primetime for screening? Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;89:1238–40. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.04.206.
• Huang J, Choi P, Pang TW, et al. Factors associated with participation in colorectal cancer screening: a population-based study of 7200 individuals. Euro J Cancer Care. 2021;30(2): e13369. doi: 10.1111/ecc.13369.
• Uysal N, Ünal Toprak F. Determination of women's health perceptions and attitudes towards cancer screening and affecting factors. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Health Sciences Faculty. 2022:6(1);65-76. doi: 10.46237/amusbfd.926839.
• Del Boca D, Oggero N, Profeta P, et al. Women’s work, housework, and childcare, before and during COVID-19. Rev Econ Househ. 2020;18:1001-1007. doi: 10.1007/s11150-020-09502-1.
• Demir R, Taşpınar A. Reflections of coronavirus pandemic on women’s life and health. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2021;13(4):779-789 doi: 10.18863/pgy.882529.
• Patt D, Gordan L, Diaz Michael, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on cancer care: how the pandemic is delaying cancer diagnosis and treatment for American seniors. JCO Clin Cancer Informatics. 2020;4:1059-71. doi: 10.1200/CCI.20.00134.
• Maringe C, Spicer J, Morris M, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(8):1023–34. doi: 10.1016/ S1470-2045(20)30388-0.
• Kaya C, Üstü Y, Özyörük E, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of health workers about cancer screenings. Ankara Med J. 2017;17(1):73–83. doi: 10.17098/amj.304666
• Joulaei H, Zarei N. Women’s cancer care in Iran. Cancer Control. 2019;26(1). doi: 10.1177/1073274819848432.
• Hsieh YP, Roh S, Lee YS. Spiritual well-being, social support, and depression among American Indian women cancer survivors: The mediating effect of perceived quality of life. Families in Society. 2020;101(1):83–94. doi: 10.1177/1044389419853113.
• Büyükkayacı Duman N, Yüksek Koçak D, Albayrak SA, et al. Knowledge and practices breast and cervical cancer screening among womens over age of 40. JAREN. 2015;1(1):3038. doi: 10.5222/jaren.2015.030.
• Çam O, Babacan Gümüş A. Psychosocial factors affecting early diagnosis behaviours in breast and cervical cancer. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 2006;22(1):81-93.
• Holdroy E, Twinn S, Adab P. Socio-cultural influences on Chinese women’s attendence for cervical cancer screeening. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2004;46(1):42-52.
• Thomas EC. African American women’s breast memories, cancer beliefs and screening behaviors. Cancer Nursing. 2004;27(4):295-302.