MAYMUN ÇİÇEĞİ, GEÇMİŞTEN GÜNÜMÜZE

Öz

Poxviridae ailesine ait zoonotik bir hastalık olan maymun çiçeği 1958 yılında maymunlardan izole edilmiştir. İnsanlarda çiçek hastalığına benzer bir klinik oluşturur. Enfekte hayvan ısırığı, vücut sıvıları ile temas ve damlacık yoluyla bulaş tipiktir. 2003 ve sonrasında özellikle ithalat ve turizm nedenli seyahat ile birçok ülkede salgınlara neden olmuştur. 2022 yılında görülen salgında ise bulaşın cinsel aktivite ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çiçek aşısı ile bağışıklanmamış bireyler hastalık açısından risk grubunu oluşturmaktadır. İnkübasyon süresinin ortalama 6-13 gün olduğu kabul edilir. Ateş, lenfadenopati ve miyalji varlığı diğer döküntülü hastalıklardan ayırt edicidir. Ayırıcı tanıda numunelerin referans laboratuvara gönderilerek doğrulamasının yapılması şarttır. Şüphelenilen vakalar hakkında yerel halk sağlığı yetkililerine bilgi verilmesi gerekir. Destek tedavisi esastır. Özel hasta grupları için tekovirimat, brinsidofovir veya sidofovir gibi antiviral tedaviler halk sağlığı yetkilileri onayı ile başlanabilir. Ayırıcı tanı olarak düşünüldüğü her durumda tanı dışlanana kadar temas, damlacık ve solunum izolasyon önlemleri de uygulanmalıdır. Temas öncesi veya temas sonrası profilaksi için yine yerel halk sağlığı yetkilileri onayı ile çiçek aşısı uygulanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• maymun çiçeği
• salgın
• çiçek aşısı

Monkeypox: Past to Present

Öz

Monkey pox, a zoonotic disease belonging to the Poxviridae family, was isolated from monkeys in 1958. It causes clinical findings similar to smallpox in humans. Transmission is typical through the bite of an infected animal, contact with bodily fluids and droplets. Since 2003, it caused epidemics in many countries, especially in import and tourism-based travel. In the epidemic in 2022, transmission is thought to be related to sexual activity. Individuals who are not immunized with smallpox vaccine constitute the risk group for the disease. The average incubation period is considered to be 6-13 days. The presence of fever, lymphadenopathy and myalgia are different from other diseases with rash. It is essential to confirm the differential diagnosis by sending the samples to the reference laboratory. Local public health authorities should be informed about suspected cases. Supportive treatment is essential. Antiviral treatments such as tecovirimate, brincidofovir or cidofovir may be used for specific patient groups with the approval of public health authorities. In any case considered as a differential diagnosis, contact, droplet and respiratory isolation precautions should also be applied until the diagnosis is excluded. Smallpox vaccine can be administered for pre/post-exposure prophylaxis, again with the approval of local public health authorities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• monkeypox
• outbreak
• smallpox vaccine

Kaynakça

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