Vitamin ve Gıda Takviyesi Kullanım Alışkanlıklarının Gerçek İhtiyaçlar ve Medya Etkisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Dünya genelinde son yıllarda vitamin ve diğer besin takviyelerinin kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genel popülasyonun vitamin ve besin takviyesi kullanımına ilişkin alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmektir. Özellikle bu ürünlerin tüketiminin gerçek sağlık ihtiyaçlarına dayanıp dayanmadığı ve bireylerin bu takviyeleri kullanma kararlarında medyanın ne ölçüde etkili olduğu araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Farklı demografik özelliklere sahip yetişkin katılımcılara uygulanan yapılandırılmış bir anket aracılığıyla tanımlayıcı kesitsel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Anket; katılımcıların vitamin ve besin takviyesi kullanım sıklığı ve amacı, kararlarını etkileyen bilgi kaynakları, algılanan faydalar ve bu ürünleri kullanmalarının tıbbi öneriye mi yoksa kişisel tercihe mi dayandığı gibi soruları içermektedir. Kullanım desenleri tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle analiz edilmiş, demografik değişkenlerle takviye kullanım davranışları arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmek için ki-kare testleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 400 kişi katılmıştır. Takviye kullanımında en yaygın nedenin bağışıklığı desteklemek olduğu belirlenmiştir (%88,9; p˂0,0001). Ürünlerin en çok temin edildiği yerin eczaneler olduğu saptanmıştır (%52,2; p˂0,0001). Erkek katılımcılarda en sık belirtilen tercih nedeni marka güvenilirliği (%78,7) iken, kadın katılımcılarda en etkili faktör kişisel öneri (%92,2) olmuştur (p<0,0001). Medya, özellikle genç yetişkinlerde olmak üzere kullanıcıların %75’ini etkilemiştir (p=0,00043). Kullanıcıların %90’ı belirli faydalar gördüklerini, ancak %7,5’i yan etki yaşadıklarını belirtmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmamız vitamin ve gıda takviyelerinin yaygın şekilde ve çoğunlukla denetimsiz kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Ürün tercihinde medya etkisi ve çevresel öneriler önemli rol oynamaktadır. Yüksek kullanım oranlarına rağmen hekim danışmanlığı yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, toplumun bilinçlendirilmesi ve güvenli, kanıta dayalı takviye kullanımını teşvik edecek düzenleyici önlemlerin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitamin
• besin takviyesi
• medya
• yan etkiler
• bitki-ilaç etkileşimleri

Destekleyen Kurum

Hiçbir kişi ya da kuruluştan herhangi bir destek alınmamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma protokolü Pamukkale Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır(Tarih:22.01.2025, Sayı:E.643293).

EVALUATION OF VITAMIN AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENT USE HABITS CONCERNING ACTUAL NEEDS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA

Öz

Objective: In recent years, the use of vitamins and other supplements has become increasingly widespread worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate the habits related to vitamin and dietary supplement use among the general population. Specifically, the study investigates whether the consumption of these products corresponds to actual health needs and explores the extent to which media influence affects individuals’ decisions to use such supplements. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to adult participants from various demographic backgrounds. The survey included questions regarding participants’ frequency and purpose of vitamin and dietary supplement use, sources of information influencing their decisions, perceived benefits, and whether their use was based on medical advice or personal preference. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze usage patterns, and chi-square tests were performed to assess associations between demographic variables and supplement use behaviors. Results: A total of 400 individuals participated in the study. Immune support was the most common reason for use (88.9%; p˂0.0001). The most preferred place to purchase the products was found to be pharmacies (52.2%; p˂0.0001). Among male individuals, the most cited reason was brand reliability (78.7%), whereas among female participants, personal recommendation (92.2%) was the most influential factor (p<0.0001). Media influenced 75% of users, particularly younger adults (p= 0.00043). While 90% of the users reported some benefit, 7.5% experienced adverse effects. Conclusion: The findings indicate widespread and often unsupervised use of vitamin and dietary supplements, with media influence and peer recommendations playing a substantial role in product choice. Despite high usage rates, consultation with physicians remains insufficient. These results highlight the need for improved public education and regulatory measures to promote safe and evidence-based supplement use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitamin
• dietary supplement
• media
• adverse effects
• herb-drug interactions

Destekleyen Kurum

No support has been received from any person or organization.

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Pamukkale University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Date:22.01.2025 , Number: E.643293)

Kaynakça

1. Bayne AV, Pessi J, Bird JK, Stemmler RT, Frerichs M, Besheer A. Vitamins as excipients in pharmaceutical products. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2025;206:107020.
2. Fernandes FA, Carocho M, Prieto MA, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Heleno SA. Nutraceuticals and dietary supplements: balancing out the pros and cons. Food Funct. 2024;15(12):6289-6303.
3. Aitkenhead R, Waldron M, Conway GE, Horner K, Heffernan SM. The influence of dietary supplements on exercise-induced gut damage and gastrointestinal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2025;17(3):443.
4. Costagliola G, Nuzzi G, Spada E, Comberiati P, Verduci E, Peroni DG. Nutraceuticals in viral infections: an overview of the immunomodulating properties. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2410.
5. Huang YY, Liang YT, Wu JM, et al. Advances in the study of probiotics for immunomodulation and intervention in food allergy. Molecules. 2023;28(3):1242.
6. Pedrosa LF, de Vos P, Fabi JP. From structure to function: How prebiotic diversity shapes gut integrity and immune balance. Nutrients. 2024;16(24):4286.
7. Moses G. The safety of commonly used vitamins and minerals. Aust Prescr. 2021;44(4):119-123.
8. Dresen E, Pimiento JM, Patel JJ, Heyland DK, Rice TW, Stoppe C. Overview of oxidative stress and the role of micronutrients in critical illness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2023;47 Suppl 1:S38-S49.

9. Galman A, Chikhaoui M, Bouhrim M, et al. Fitness and dietary supplements: a cross-sectional study on food practices and nutrivigilance. Nutrients. 2024;16(22):3928.
10. Hussein AS, Hamzah SH, Rahman SKASA, Zamri ZA. YouTube™ as a source of information on vitamin D: a content-quality analysis. Dent Med Probl. 2022;59(2):263-270.
11. Parmar UPS, Ichhpujani P, Mahesh VA, Kumar S. Social media content analysis for nutraceuticals and glaucoma. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2024;68(3):258-267.
12. Hess JM. Dietary supplements are an important nutrient source for older Americans- what does this mean for dietary guidance? Am J Clin Nutr. 2023;118(1):3-4.
13. Loftfield E, O'Connell CP, Abnet CC, et al. Multivitamin use and mortality risk in 3 prospective US cohorts. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2418729.
14. Elvir Lazo OL, White PF, Lee C, et al. Use of herbal medication in the perioperative period: Potential adverse drug interactions. J Clin Anesth. 2024;95:111473.
15. Papier I, Chermesh I, Mashiach T, Gruenwald I, Banasiewicz T. Prevalence of the use of oral nutritional supplements among acute inpatients at risk of malnutrition and associated patient characteristics. J Clin Nurs. 2025;34(3):849-859.
16. Shahverdian A, Jafari M. Dietary supplement safety in older adults: a review of published case reports. Sr Care Pharm. 2025;40(1):32-49.
17. Fekete M, Lehoczki A, Tarantini S, et al. Improving cognitive function with nutritional supplements in aging: a comprehensive narrative review of clinical studies investigating the effects of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other dietary supplements. Nutrients. 2023;15(24):5116.
18. Djaoudene O, Romano A, Bradai YD, et al. A global overview of dietary supplements: regulation, market trends, usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, and health effects. Nutrients. 2023;15(15):3320.
19. Naqvi AA, Ahmad R, Zehra F, Yousuf R, Kachela B, Nehal Nadir M. Dietary supplement use among students of pharmacy colleges in the city of karachi, Pakistan: prevalence, opinions, and attitudes. J Diet Suppl. 2019;16(2):166-178.
20. El Khoury D, Hansen J, Tabakos M, Spriet LL, Brauer P. Dietary supplement use among non-athlete students at a Canadian University: a pilot-survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2284.
21. Islam MA, Al-Karasneh AF, Rizvi M, et al. Prevalence, reasons, and determinants of dietary supplements use among undergraduate female students of health and non-health colleges in a Saudi public university. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0247295.
22. Amin MB, Aktarujjaman M, Meem AE, Hossain E, Islam MN, Roy N. Prevalence, correlates and common conditions associated with adolescent dietary supplement use: a cross-sectional survey in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr. 2023;26(6):1143-1151.
23. Nakhal SA, Domiati SA, Amin MEK, El-Lakany AM. Assessment of pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herbal dietary supplements. J Am Coll Health. 2022;70(6):1826-1830.
24. Wang Z, Li WT, Gao Y, et al. Analysis of dietary supplement use and influencing factors in the Mongolian population. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:4064588.
25. Risvoll H, Waaseth M, Halvorsen KH, Giverhaug T, Musial F. Use of dietary supplements by individuals with dementia - the caregivers' perspective. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2025:1-12.
26. Broniecka A, Sarachman A, Zagrodna A, Książek A. Dietary supplement use and knowledge among athletes: prevalence, compliance with AIS classification, and awareness of certification programs. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2025;22(1):2496450.
27. Luo H, Tengku Kamalden TF, Zhu X, Xiang C, Nasharuddin NA. Advantages of different dietary supplements for elite combat sports athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):271.
28. Liu L, Tao H, Xu J, Liu L, Nahata MC. Quantity, duration, adherence, and reasons for dietary supplement use among adults: results from NHANES 2011-2018. Nutrients. 2024;16(12):1830.
29. Barretto JR, Gouveia MADC, Alves C. Use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2024;100 Suppl 1:S31-S39.
30. Çapaş M, Çavdar M. Sosyal medyanın üniversitesi öğrencilerinin yeme tutum ve davranışlarına olan etkisi. JHS. 2023;32(2):284-291.
31. Bellikci Koyu E, Çalık G, Kaner Tohtak G, Günsel Yıldırım G. Sağlık çalışanlarının besin desteği kullanma durumları ve ilişkili etmenler. DEU Tıp Derg. 2020;34(2):141-145.
32. ReportLinker. Forecast: Vitamins in Dosage Market Size Value Per Capita in the US. Accessed date: 27 October 2025: https://www.reportlinker.com/dataset/5685fd3acb1f2849959f77ad0d4dfca180be0989
33. Żegleń M, Kryst Ł, Bąbel P. Diet, gym, supplements, or maybe it is all in your mind? a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on placebo and nocebo effects in weight loss in adults. Obes Rev. 2024;25(2):e13660.
34. Rivas García F, García Sierra JA, Valverde-Merino MI, Zarzuelo Romero MJ. Dietary supplements for weight loss and drug interactions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(12):1658.
35. Tsubota-Utsugi M, Nakade M, Imai E, et al. Distribution of vitamin E intake among Japanese dietary supplement and fortified food users: a secondary analysis from the national health and nutrition survey, 2003-2009. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2013;59(6):576-583.