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Anarchy in the Metabolism Due to Corn Syrup and Its Relationship with Diseases

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 198 - 204, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.414983

Öz

The consumption of corn-syrup with high fructose
content has increased in recent fifty years throughout the World. Corn-syrup
which is added into the fast-foods and contains high fructose concentrations
causes a chaos in metabolism. Due to its high affinity to the channels (GLUT:
glucose transporter) located on the intestinal and hepatic cellular surfaces,
fructose is rapidly accumulated in the liver and pancreas. Additionally, since
kinetics of the enzymes functioning in its catabolism differ than those in
other sugars, synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol is mainly dominated in
the liver. In the case of increased fructose intake, fructokinase enzyme roling
in fructose catabolism may also cause gout arthritis and gout nephritis by
means of increasel levels of uric acid.



Overconsumption of corn-syrup with high fructose
content may also trigger various pathologies including intra-organ fat
deposition, obesity, increased insülin resistance, increased uric acid,
hypertension. Some additional pathologies may be seen due to contamination of
mercury and carbonyl compounds during the isolation steps of production. As a
conclusion, attention should be paid to the clinical concerns appearing when there
is an excessive intake of fructose inside the corn-syrup which has a rather
different metabolism than other sugars like glucose.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Layman DK, Boileau RA, Erickson DJ, Painter JE, Shiue H, Sather C et al. A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein Improves Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profiles during Weight Loss in Adult Women. J Nutr, 2003;133(2):411-7. Doi:10.1093/jn/133.2.411
  • 2. Bravata DM, Sanders L, Huang J, Krumholz HM, Olkin I, Gardner CD et al. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets. A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1837-50.
  • 3. White JS, Hobbs LJ, Fernandez S. Fructose content and composition of commercial HFCS-sweetened carbonated beverages. Int J Obes. 2015;39:176-82.
  • 4. Walker RW, Dumke KA, Goran MI. Fructose content in popular beverages made with and without high-fructose corn syrup. Nutrition. 2014;30:928-35. Doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.003
  • 5. Tappy L. Fructose-containing caloric sweeteners as a cause of obesity and metabolic disorders. J Exp Biol. 2018;221(Suppl 1). Doi:10.1242/jeb.164202
  • 6. Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, Nadeau KJ, Green M, Roncal C et al. Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):1063-75.
  • 7. Preuss HG, Clouatre D, Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Kaats GR. Blood Pressure Regulation: Reviewing Evidence for Interplay Between Common Dietary Sugars and Table Salt. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017;36(8):677-84.
  • 8. Zavaroni I, Sander S, Scott S, Reaven GM. Effect of fructose feeding on insulin secretion and insulin action in the rat. Metabolism. 1980;29(10):970-3. Doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90041-4
  • 9. Grodsky GM, Batts AA, Bennett LL, Vcella C, Mc Williams NB, Smith DF. Effects of carbohydrates on secretion of insulin from isolated rat pancreas. Am J Physiol. 1963;205:638-44.
  • 10. Kyriazis GA, Soundarapandian MM, Tyrberg B. Sweet taste receptor signaling in beta cells mediates fructose-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. PNAS. 2012;109(8) E524-32. Doi:10.1073/pnas.1115183109
  • 11. Reaven GM. Role of ınsulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37(12):1595-1607. Doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595
  • 12. Ma X, Lin L, Yue J, Wu CS, Guo CA, Wang R et al. Suppression of ghrelin exacerbates hfcs ınduced adiposity and ınsulin resistance. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(6):e1302. Doi:10.3390/ijms18061302
  • 13. Lin WT, Chan TF, Huang HL, Lee CY, Tsai S, Wu PW et al. Fructose-rich beverage ıntake and central adiposity, uric acid, and pediatric insulin resistance. J Pediatr. 2016;171:90-6.
  • 14. Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, López-Lemus HL, Garay-Sevilla ME, Malacara JM. Effect of restriction of foods with high fructose corn syrup content on metabolic ındices and fatty liver in obese children. obes facts. 2017;10(4):332-40. Doi:10.1159/000476069.
  • 15. Ko EA, Kim HR, Kim YB, Kim HS, Lee SH. Effect of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) Intake on the Female Reproductive Organs and Lipid Accumulation in Adult Rats. Dev Reprod. 2017;21(2):151-6. Doi:10.12717/DR.2017.21.2.151
  • 16. Goran MI, Dumke K, Bouret SG, Kayser B, Walker RW, Blumberg B. The obesogenic effect of high fructose exposure during early development. Nature Reviews, Endocrinology 2013;9:494-500. Doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.108
  • 17. Couch SC, Crandell JL, Shah AS, Dolan LM, Merchant AT, Liese AD et al. Fructose Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013;100(2):265-71. Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.03.013
  • 18. Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DI, Kang DH et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:899-906. Doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.899
  • 19. Jameel F, Phang M, Wood LG, Garg ML. Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammation. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2014,13:195. Doi:10.1186/1476-511X-13-195
  • 20. Goran MI, Dumke K, Bouret SG, Kayser B, Walker RW, Blumberg B. The obesogenic effect of high fructose exposure during early development. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2013;9:494-500. Doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.108
  • 21. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1322-34. Doi: 10.1172/JCI37385. Doi: 10.1172/JCI37385
  • 22. Dufault R, LeBlanc B, Schnoll R, Cornett C, Schweitzer L, Wallinga D et al. Mercury from chlor alkali plants: measured concentrations in food product sugar. Environ Health. 2009;8:2. Doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-8-2
  • 23. Dufault R, Schnoll R, Lukiw WJ, Leblanc B, Cornett C, Patrick L et al. Mercury exposure, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disruptions may affect learning in children. Behav Brain Funct. 2009;5(44):1-15. Doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-44
  • 24. Batt C, Phipps-Green AJ, Black MA, Cadzow M, Merriman ME, Topless R et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: a risk factor for prevalent gout with SLC2A9 genotypespecific effects on serum urate and risk of gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:2101-6.
  • 25. Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Shafiu M, Sundaram S, Le M et al. Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. Diabetes. 2013;62(10):3307-15. Doi:10.2337/db12-1814
  • 26. Wang DD, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Cozma AI et al. The effects of fructose ıntake on serum uric acid vary among controlled dietary trials. J. Nutr. 2012;142:916-23. Doi: 10.3945/jn.111.151951
  • 27. Roddy E, Choi HK. Epidemiology of gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014;40(2):155-75. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.001
  • 28. Bray GA. Fructose: pure, white, and deadly? Fructose, by any other name, is a health hazard. Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(4):1003-7. 29. Gui ZH, Zhu YN, Cai L, Sun FH, Ma YH, Jing J et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risks of obesity and hypertension in chinese children and adolescents: a national cross-sectional analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(12). Pii:e1302. Doi:10.3390/nu9121302
  • 30. Di Nicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Hypertension due to toxic white crystals in the diet: should we blame salt or sugar? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;59(3):219-25.
  • 31. Stanhope KL, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Lam HD, Nunez MV et al. A dose-response study of consuming high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverages on lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1144-54.
  • 32. Kolderup A, Svihus B. Fructose metabolism and relation to atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. J Nutr Metab. 2015;2015:823081 Doi: 10.1155/2015/823081
  • 33. Goran MI, Ulijaszek SJ, Ventura EE. High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: A global perspective. Global Public Health 2013;8(1):55-64. Doi: 10.1080/17441692.2012.736257
  • 34. Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Perspective: A Historical and Scientific Perspective of Sugar and Its Relation with Obesity and Diabetes. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(3):412-22.
  • 35. Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Vieira R, Greenwood DC et al. Dietary fructose, carbohydrates, glycemic indices and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(10):2536-46.
  • 36. Douard V, Ferraris RP. The role of fructose transporters in diseases linked to excessive fructose intake. J Physiol. 2013;591(2):401-14. Doi: 10.1113 /jphysiol.2011. 215731.
  • 37. Tasevska N, Jiao L, Cross AJ, Kipnis V, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A et al. Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2012;130(1):159-69. Doi: 10.1002/ijc.25990

MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 198 - 204, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.414983

Öz

Yüksek fruktoz içeren mısır şurubunun
tüketimi son elli yılda tüm dünyada artmıştır. Hazır gıdalara bol miktarda
ilave edilen ve içeriğinde yüksek fruktoz bulunduran mısır şurubu metabolizmada
anarşiye yol açmaktadır.

Fruktoz, bağırsak ve karaciğer hücre
yüzeyinde bulunan kanallara (GLUT: glukoz transporter) yüksek afinitesi nedeni
ile hızla karaciğer ve pankreas hücrelerine dolmaktadır.

Katabolizmasında yer alan enzimlerin
kinetik özelliklerinin diğer şekerlerden farklı olması nedeni ile karaciğerde
yağ asidi ve kolesterol sentezine yönlenmektedir.

Ayrıca aşırı alındığında katabolizmasında
yer alan fruktokinaz enzimi nedeni ile ürik asit oluşumunu arttırmakta ve gut
artriti, gut nefritine yol açabilmektedir.

Yüksek fruktoz içeren mısır şurubunun
aşırı tüketimine bağlı olarak, organ içi yağlanma, obezite, insülin direncinde
artış, ürik asit artışı, hipertansiyon gibi birçok patoloji tetiklenmektedir. Üretimindeki
izolasyon aşamalarında civa ve karbonil bileşikleri bulaşımı da farklı
patolojilere yol açabilmektedir.

Oluşturabileceği patolojiler göz önüne
alındığında, glukoz gibi diğer şekerlerden farklı bir metabolizmaya sahip olan
fruktozun mısır şurubuyla aşırı alınmasına çok dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Layman DK, Boileau RA, Erickson DJ, Painter JE, Shiue H, Sather C et al. A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein Improves Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profiles during Weight Loss in Adult Women. J Nutr, 2003;133(2):411-7. Doi:10.1093/jn/133.2.411
  • 2. Bravata DM, Sanders L, Huang J, Krumholz HM, Olkin I, Gardner CD et al. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets. A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1837-50.
  • 3. White JS, Hobbs LJ, Fernandez S. Fructose content and composition of commercial HFCS-sweetened carbonated beverages. Int J Obes. 2015;39:176-82.
  • 4. Walker RW, Dumke KA, Goran MI. Fructose content in popular beverages made with and without high-fructose corn syrup. Nutrition. 2014;30:928-35. Doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.003
  • 5. Tappy L. Fructose-containing caloric sweeteners as a cause of obesity and metabolic disorders. J Exp Biol. 2018;221(Suppl 1). Doi:10.1242/jeb.164202
  • 6. Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, Nadeau KJ, Green M, Roncal C et al. Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):1063-75.
  • 7. Preuss HG, Clouatre D, Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Kaats GR. Blood Pressure Regulation: Reviewing Evidence for Interplay Between Common Dietary Sugars and Table Salt. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017;36(8):677-84.
  • 8. Zavaroni I, Sander S, Scott S, Reaven GM. Effect of fructose feeding on insulin secretion and insulin action in the rat. Metabolism. 1980;29(10):970-3. Doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90041-4
  • 9. Grodsky GM, Batts AA, Bennett LL, Vcella C, Mc Williams NB, Smith DF. Effects of carbohydrates on secretion of insulin from isolated rat pancreas. Am J Physiol. 1963;205:638-44.
  • 10. Kyriazis GA, Soundarapandian MM, Tyrberg B. Sweet taste receptor signaling in beta cells mediates fructose-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. PNAS. 2012;109(8) E524-32. Doi:10.1073/pnas.1115183109
  • 11. Reaven GM. Role of ınsulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37(12):1595-1607. Doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595
  • 12. Ma X, Lin L, Yue J, Wu CS, Guo CA, Wang R et al. Suppression of ghrelin exacerbates hfcs ınduced adiposity and ınsulin resistance. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(6):e1302. Doi:10.3390/ijms18061302
  • 13. Lin WT, Chan TF, Huang HL, Lee CY, Tsai S, Wu PW et al. Fructose-rich beverage ıntake and central adiposity, uric acid, and pediatric insulin resistance. J Pediatr. 2016;171:90-6.
  • 14. Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, López-Lemus HL, Garay-Sevilla ME, Malacara JM. Effect of restriction of foods with high fructose corn syrup content on metabolic ındices and fatty liver in obese children. obes facts. 2017;10(4):332-40. Doi:10.1159/000476069.
  • 15. Ko EA, Kim HR, Kim YB, Kim HS, Lee SH. Effect of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) Intake on the Female Reproductive Organs and Lipid Accumulation in Adult Rats. Dev Reprod. 2017;21(2):151-6. Doi:10.12717/DR.2017.21.2.151
  • 16. Goran MI, Dumke K, Bouret SG, Kayser B, Walker RW, Blumberg B. The obesogenic effect of high fructose exposure during early development. Nature Reviews, Endocrinology 2013;9:494-500. Doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.108
  • 17. Couch SC, Crandell JL, Shah AS, Dolan LM, Merchant AT, Liese AD et al. Fructose Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013;100(2):265-71. Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.03.013
  • 18. Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DI, Kang DH et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:899-906. Doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.899
  • 19. Jameel F, Phang M, Wood LG, Garg ML. Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammation. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2014,13:195. Doi:10.1186/1476-511X-13-195
  • 20. Goran MI, Dumke K, Bouret SG, Kayser B, Walker RW, Blumberg B. The obesogenic effect of high fructose exposure during early development. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2013;9:494-500. Doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.108
  • 21. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1322-34. Doi: 10.1172/JCI37385. Doi: 10.1172/JCI37385
  • 22. Dufault R, LeBlanc B, Schnoll R, Cornett C, Schweitzer L, Wallinga D et al. Mercury from chlor alkali plants: measured concentrations in food product sugar. Environ Health. 2009;8:2. Doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-8-2
  • 23. Dufault R, Schnoll R, Lukiw WJ, Leblanc B, Cornett C, Patrick L et al. Mercury exposure, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disruptions may affect learning in children. Behav Brain Funct. 2009;5(44):1-15. Doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-44
  • 24. Batt C, Phipps-Green AJ, Black MA, Cadzow M, Merriman ME, Topless R et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: a risk factor for prevalent gout with SLC2A9 genotypespecific effects on serum urate and risk of gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:2101-6.
  • 25. Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Shafiu M, Sundaram S, Le M et al. Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. Diabetes. 2013;62(10):3307-15. Doi:10.2337/db12-1814
  • 26. Wang DD, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Cozma AI et al. The effects of fructose ıntake on serum uric acid vary among controlled dietary trials. J. Nutr. 2012;142:916-23. Doi: 10.3945/jn.111.151951
  • 27. Roddy E, Choi HK. Epidemiology of gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014;40(2):155-75. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.001
  • 28. Bray GA. Fructose: pure, white, and deadly? Fructose, by any other name, is a health hazard. Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4(4):1003-7. 29. Gui ZH, Zhu YN, Cai L, Sun FH, Ma YH, Jing J et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risks of obesity and hypertension in chinese children and adolescents: a national cross-sectional analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(12). Pii:e1302. Doi:10.3390/nu9121302
  • 30. Di Nicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Hypertension due to toxic white crystals in the diet: should we blame salt or sugar? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;59(3):219-25.
  • 31. Stanhope KL, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Lam HD, Nunez MV et al. A dose-response study of consuming high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverages on lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1144-54.
  • 32. Kolderup A, Svihus B. Fructose metabolism and relation to atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. J Nutr Metab. 2015;2015:823081 Doi: 10.1155/2015/823081
  • 33. Goran MI, Ulijaszek SJ, Ventura EE. High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: A global perspective. Global Public Health 2013;8(1):55-64. Doi: 10.1080/17441692.2012.736257
  • 34. Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Perspective: A Historical and Scientific Perspective of Sugar and Its Relation with Obesity and Diabetes. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(3):412-22.
  • 35. Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Vieira R, Greenwood DC et al. Dietary fructose, carbohydrates, glycemic indices and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(10):2536-46.
  • 36. Douard V, Ferraris RP. The role of fructose transporters in diseases linked to excessive fructose intake. J Physiol. 2013;591(2):401-14. Doi: 10.1113 /jphysiol.2011. 215731.
  • 37. Tasevska N, Jiao L, Cross AJ, Kipnis V, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A et al. Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2012;130(1):159-69. Doi: 10.1002/ijc.25990
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Hakan Boyunağa

Nermin Dindar Badem

Tülay Mortaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Boyunağa, H., Dindar Badem, N., & Mortaş, T. (2018). MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, 20(2), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.414983
AMA Boyunağa H, Dindar Badem N, Mortaş T. MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. Ağustos 2018;20(2):198-204. doi:10.24938/kutfd.414983
Chicago Boyunağa, Hakan, Nermin Dindar Badem, ve Tülay Mortaş. “MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 20, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2018): 198-204. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.414983.
EndNote Boyunağa H, Dindar Badem N, Mortaş T (01 Ağustos 2018) MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 20 2 198–204.
IEEE H. Boyunağa, N. Dindar Badem, ve T. Mortaş, “MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ”, Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 198–204, 2018, doi: 10.24938/kutfd.414983.
ISNAD Boyunağa, Hakan vd. “MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 20/2 (Ağustos 2018), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.414983.
JAMA Boyunağa H, Dindar Badem N, Mortaş T. MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. 2018;20:198–204.
MLA Boyunağa, Hakan vd. “MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, c. 20, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 198-04, doi:10.24938/kutfd.414983.
Vancouver Boyunağa H, Dindar Badem N, Mortaş T. MISIR ŞURUBUNUN METABOLİZMADA OLUŞTURDUĞU ANARŞİ VE HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. 2018;20(2):198-204.

Bu Dergi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yayınıdır.