The Effect of Rootstock (C. maxima × C. moschata) Use on Leaf Hairiness in Melon

Öz

The number of leaf hairs and hair density can be effective in reducing the effects of different stress factors. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of rootstock usage on leaf hair density in melon plant. For this purpose, Galia type (Çıtırex F1) melon grafted on two commercial pumpkin rootstocks (Kardoso and Nun 9075) and ungrafted Çıtırex melon variety was used as control. According to the results of the study, the highest leaf hair number and hair density were obtained from grafted plants, while the lowest was obtained from non-grafted plants. It was determined that powdery mildew damage on leaves and Tetranychus urticae (Two spotted spider mites) damage were reduced in grafted plants. It is evaluated that the leaf hairiness can be increased by grafting in melon and accordingly some leaf damage can be reduced. Studies seeking to understand the impact of herbivores and pathogens on plant performance should also consider the impact of the environment and rootstock use on leaf hairiness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rootstock
• Scion
• Powdery Mildew
• Two Spotted Spider Mites

Kavunda Anaç (C. maxima × C. moschata) Kullanımının Yaprak Tüylülüğü Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Yaprak tüy sayısı ve tüy yoğunluğu farklı stres faktörlerinin etkilerini azaltmada etkili olabilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, kavun bitkisinde yaprak tüy yoğunluğu üzerine anaç kullanımının etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla iki adet ticari kabak anacı (Kardoso ve Nun 9075) üzerine aşılanan Galia tipi (Çıtırex F1) kavun ve aşısız Çıtırex kavun çeşidi kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre yaprak tüy sayısı ve tüy yoğunluğu en yüksek aşılı bitkilerde elde edilirken, en düşük ise aşısız bitkilerinden elde edilmiştir. Yapraklarda külleme zararı ve Tetranychus urticae (iki noktalı kırmızı örümcek) zararının aşılı bitkilerde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kavunda aşılama ile yaprak tüylülüğünün artırılabileceği ve buna bağlı olarak bazı yaprak zararlanmalarının azaltılabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Herbivorlar ve patojenlerin bitki performansı üzerindeki etkisini anlamaya çalışan araştırmalar, çevrenin ve anaç kullanımının yaprak tüylülüğü üzerindeki etkisini de dikkate almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaç
• Kalem
• Külleme
• İki Noktalı Kırmızı Örümcek

Kaynakça

1. Ågren J, Schemske, D W (1992). Artificial selection on trichome number in Brassica rapa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 83(6): 673-678
2. Brewer C A, Smith W K (1997). Patterns of leaf surface wetness for montane and subalpine plants. Plant. Cell & Environment 20(1): 1-11
3. Brown D A, Windham M T, Graham E T (1994). The Association of Discula destructiva (Red.) Hyphae With Cornus florida (L.) Trichomes. Journal of Phytopathology 140(4): 312-318
4. Espigares T, Peco B (1995). Mediterranean Annual Pasture Dynamics: Impact of Autumn Drought. The Journal of Ecology 83(1): 135
5. Fao. (2022). Melon production. Erişim tarihi: 25.11.2022 https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
6. Givnish, T J (1979) On the adaptive significance of leaf form. In: Solbrig, O.T., Jain, S., Johnson, G.B. and Raven, P.H., Eds., Topics in Plant Population Biology, Columbia University Press, New York, 375-407.
7. Grammatikopoulos G, Manetas Y (1994). Direct absorption of water by hairy leaves of Phlomis fruticosa and its contribution to drought avoidance. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72(12): 1805-1811
8. Hagley E A C, Bronskill J F, Ford E J (1980). Effect of The Physical Nature of Leaf and Fruit Surfaces on Oviposition by The Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 112(5): 503-510

9. Hasnain M, Afzal M, Nadeem S, Nadee, M K (2009). Morphological characters of different cotton cultivars in relation to resistance against Tetranychid mites. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 41(3); 241-244.
10. Hung K S, Whitney N. J (1982). Reaction of two potato cultivars to leaf infection by Verticillium albo-atrum. Canadian Journal of Botany 60(5): 554-556
11. Karabourniotis G, Kotsabassidis D, Manetas Y (1995). Trichome density and its protective potential against ultraviolet-B radiation damage during leaf development. Canadian Journal of Botany 73(3): 376-383
12. Lee J-M (1994). Cultivation of grafted vegetables I. Current status, grafting methods, and benefits. HortScience 29(4): 235-239
13. Palaniswamy P, Bodnaryk R P (1994). A Wild Brassica From Sicily Provides Trichome-Based Resistance Against Flea Beetles, Phyllotreta Cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 126(5): 1119-1130
14. Proietti S, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Cardarelli M, de Agazio, M, Zacchini M, Rea E, Moscatello S (2008). Fruit quality of mini-watermelon as affected by grafting and irrigation regimes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 88, 6; 1107–1114
15. Ra S W, Yang J S, Ham I K, Moon C S, Woo I S, Hong Y K, Roh T H (1995). Effect of remaining potato stems on yield in grafting plants between mini-tomato and potato. RDA Journal of Agricultural Science (Korea Republic). 37, 2; 390–393
16. Ramesar-Fortner N S, Aiken S G, Dengler N G (1995). Phenotypic plasticity in leaves of four species of arctic Festuca (Poaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 73(11): 1810-1823
17. Reddall A A, Sadras V O, Wilson L J, Gregg P C (2010). Contradictions in host plant resistance to pests: spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) behaviour under mines the potential resistance of smooth-leaved cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), Pest Managment. Science 67; 360–369
18. Roy B A, Stanton M L, Eppley S M (1999). Effects of environmental stress on leaf hair density and consequences for selection. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12(6): 1089-1103
19. Sakata Y, Ohara T, Sugiyama M (2007). The history and present state of the grafting of cucurbitaceous vegetables in Japan. Acta Horticulturae. 731; 159–170
20. Skaltsa H, Verykokidou E, Harvala C, Karabourniotis G, Manetasi Y (1994). UV-B protective potential and flavonoid content of leaf hairs of Quercus ilex. Phytochemistry 37(4): 987-990
21. Stoner K A (1992). Density of Imported Cabbageworms (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Cabbage Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), and Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Glossy and Trichome-Bearing Lines of Brassica oleracea. Journal of Economic Entomology 85(3): 1023-1030
22. Upadhyaya M K, Furness N H (1994). Influence of light intensity and water stress on leaf surface characteristics of Cynoglossum officinale, Centaurea spp., and Tragopogon spp.. Canadian Journal of Botany 72(9): 1379-1386
23. van Lenteren J C, Hua L Z, Kamerman J W, Rumei X (1995). The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa (Hym., Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hom., Aleyrodidae) XXVI. Leaf hairs reduce the capacity of Encarsia to control greenhouse whitefly on cucumber. Journal of Applied Entomology 119(1-5): 553-559.
24. Wilkens -Gabriel R T, Shea O, Halbreich S, Stamp N E, Shea G O, Halbreich -Nancy S, Stamp E (1996). Resource availability and the trichome defenses of tomato plants. Oecologia 106(2): 181-191
25. Yamasaki S, Noguchi N, Mimaki K (1984). Ecology and ecophysiology of leaf pubescence in North American desert plants. Biology and chemistry of plant trichomes 48(6): 443-454
26. Zaiter H Z, Coyne D P, Steadman J R, Beaver J S (1990). Inheritance of Abaxial Leaf Pubescence in Beans. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115(1), 158-160.