Nar Meyvesinde Güneş Yanıklığına Karşı Hasat Öncesi Torbalama Uygulamalarının Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 159 - 182, 31.12.2025

Ali İkinci

Öz

Nar (Punica granatum L.), yüksek antioksidan içeriği ve besin değeriyle öne çıkan, kurak ve yarı kurak iklimlerde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen önemli bir meyve türüdür. Ancak bu ekolojilerde nar üretimi, özellikle güneş yanıklığı, meyve çatlaması ve renk bozuklukları gibi abiyotik stres faktörleri nedeniyle ciddi kalite kayıplarıyla karşı karşıyadır. Güneş yanıklığı, meyve yüzey sıcaklığının kritik eşik değerleri (46–52 °C) üzerine çıkmasıyla oluşan fotooksidatif bir doku hasarıdır ve pazar değerini %30’a kadar düşürebilmektedir. Bu derlemede, nar meyvesinde güneş yanıklığını önlemeye yönelik hasat öncesi torbalama (bagging) uygulamalarının fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal etkileri literatür bulgularına dayalı olarak incelenmiştir. Torbalama, meyve çevresinde mikroiklim modifikasyonu oluşturarak yüzey sıcaklığını düşürmekte, antosiyanin birikimini teşvik etmekte ve oksidatif stres göstergelerini azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca; torba materyali, rengi ve uygulama zamanlaması gibi faktörlerin meyve kalitesi üzerindeki belirleyici rolü vurgulanmıştır. Torbalama, yalnızca güneş yanıklığını ve çatlamayı önlemekle kalmaz; aynı zamanda C vitamini, fenolik bileşikler ve toplam antioksidan kapasiteyi artırarak iç kaliteyi de iyileştirir. Pestisit kullanımını azaltması ve kimyasal kalıntı riskini düşürmesi sayesinde iyi tarım uygulamaları ve organik üretim sistemleriyle uyumlu bir yöntem olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nar , güneş yanıklığı , torbalama , mikroiklim , antioksidan , meyve çatlaması

Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Pre-harvest Bagging Applications Against Sunburn in Pomegranate Fruit

Öz

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit species widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid climates, valued for its high antioxidant content and nutritional properties. However, production in these regions faces significant quality losses due to abiotic stress factors such as sunburn, fruit cracking, and irregular pigmentation. Sunburn is a photoxidative tissue damage triggered when fruit surface temperature exceeds critical thresholds (46–52 °C), reducing marketability by up to 30%. This review examines the physiological and biochemical effects of preharvest fruit bagging techniques aimed at mitigating sunburn damage in pomegranate. Bagging modifies the microclimate around the fruit, lowering surface temperature, enhancing anthocyanin accumulation, and reducing oxidative stress indicators. The effectiveness of bagging is influenced by factors such as bag material, color, permeability, and timing of application. In addition to preventing sunburn and cracking, bagging improves internal quality traits by increasing vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, it reduces pesticide application frequency and chemical residue risks, making it compatible with good agricultural practices and organic production systems. The review highlights bagging as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for enhancing fruit quality and resilience under heat stress conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pomegranate , sunburn , bagging , microclimate , antioxidants , fruit cracking

Kaynakça

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