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The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids

Yıl 2022, , 355 - 362, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1138515

Öz

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is one of the factors causing diarrhea in lambs and kids. Although it is known that toltrazuril is quite effective in the treatment of acute coccidiosis in lambs and kids, there is limited information on how it affects the animals. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of toltrazuril application in the treatment of acute natural coccidiosis in Honamlı kids, serum oxidative stress levels, serum haptoglobin levels and hematological parameters. The material of this study was 10 Honamlı male kids, 20-30 days old, with acute natural coccidiosis, in a private farm. Toltrazuril was administered at a single dose of 20 mg/kg in the treatment of coccidiosis. In the findings, A statistical difference (p<0.05) was determined between pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements of white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte count, lymphocyte %, neutrophil count, neutrophil %, eosinophil count, eosinophil %, basophil count, basophil %, monocyte count, monocyte %, red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) counti mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) count values. In addition, a statistical difference (p<0.05) was determined between pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements of total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values. In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that toltrazuril was effective in the treatment of kids with acute coccidiosis, and 7 days after the application of toltrazuril, the haptoglobin (Hp) value increased and total antioxidant status (TAS), TOS and OSI values decreased.

Kaynakça

  • Al‐Qadri RF, Abu‐Basha EA, Ababneh MM, Bani Ismail Z, Idkaidek NM. Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes and determination of their concentrations in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma. J vet Pharmacol Therap. 2020; 43(4); 339-346.
  • Aydoğdu U, Coşkun A, Başbuğ O, Ağaoğlu ZT. Parvoviral enteritisli köpeklerde total oksidan-antioksidan durum ile oksidatif stres indeksinin değerlendirilmesi. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg. 2018; 32: 161-164.
  • Bozukluhan K, Merhan O, Kızıltepe Ş, Harmankaya A, Gökçe G. Determination of Oxidative Stress and Ceruloplasmin Levels in Sheep with Toxoplasmosis. Van Vet J. 2020; 31(2): 83-86.
  • Bozukluhan K, Merhan O, Özcan A, Gökçe Hİ, Gökçe G. Toxocara vitulorum ile doğal enfekte buzağılarda serum haptoglobin düzeyi, oksidatif belirteçler ve bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2017; 64: 75-79.
  • Cartier C, Pellet, MP, Pors I. Effects of Toltrazuril on Oocyts Discharge and Growth in Kids with Naturally –Acquired Coccidial Infection. Small Rumin Res. 1992; 8: 171-177.
  • Çicek M, Evliyaoğlu O, Böyük A, Tekin A. Investigation of Some Sera Biomarker Levels in Fascioliasis Patient. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 18: 181-185.
  • Çimtay İ, Sevgili M. Koksidiyozisli Kuzularda Tedavi Öncesi ve Sonrası Bazı Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Araştırmalar. Van Vet J. 2003; 4: 91-94.
  • Diaferia M, Veronesi F, Morganti G, Nisoli L, Fioretti DP. Efficacy of Toltrazuril 5% Suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and Diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the Control of Eimeria Spp. in Lambs. Parasitol Res. 2013; 112(S1): 163-168.
  • Dirikolu L, Karpiesiuk W, Lehner A, Hughes C, Granstrom D, Tobin T. Synthesis and detection of toltrazuril sulfone and its pharmacokinetics in horses following administration in dimethylsulfoxide. J vet Pharmacol Therap. 2009; 32(4): 368–378.
  • Eckersall PD. Recent advances and future prospects for the use of acute phase proteins as markers of disease in animal. Revue Med Vet. 2000; 151(7): 577-584.
  • El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Elsohaby I, Salem M, Alhaider A, Kandeel M. Investigation of acute-phase proteins and cytokines response in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia with special reference to their diagnostic accuracy. Peer J. 2020; 8: e10394.
  • Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem, 2005; 38(12): 1103- 1111.
  • Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem. 2004; 37(4): 277- 285.
  • Ertaş F, Kırmızıgül AH. Fasiyolozisli Koyunlarda Oksidatif Stres ve Metabolik Profilin Araştırılması. Ataturk Univ Vet Bilim Derg. 2021; 16(2): 204-210.
  • Gauly M, Reeg J, Bauer C, Erhardt G. Influence of Production Systems in Lambs on the Eimeria Oocyst Output and Weight Gain. Small Rumin Res. 2004; 55(1-3): 159-167.
  • Ghanem MM, Abd El-Raof YM. Clinical and HaematoBiochemical Studies on Lamb Coccidiosis and Changes Following Amprolium and Sulphadimthoxine Therapy. Benha Vet Med J. 2005; 16(2): 2.
  • Gonzalez FHD, Hernandez F, Madrid J, Martinez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Tecles F. Acute phase proteins in experimentally induced pregnancy toxemia in goats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2011; 3: 57–62.
  • Gültekin M, Paşa S, Ural K, Balıkçı C, Ekren Aşıcı GS, Gültekin G. Visseral leishmaniasis’in farklı evrelerindeki köpeklerde oksidatif durum ve lipid profili. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2017; 41: 183-187.
  • Harder A, Haberkorn A. Possible mode of action of toltrazuril: studies on two Eimeria species and mammalian and Ascaris suum enzymes. Parasitol Res. 1989; 76(1): 8–12. Iqbal A, Tariq KA, Wazir VS, Singh R. Antiparasitic Efficacy of Artemisia Absinthium, Toltrazuril and Amprolium Against Intestinal Coccidiosis in Goats. J Parasit Dis. 2013; 37(1): 88- 93. İssi M, Gul Y, Yılmaz S. Clinical haematological and antioxidant status in naturally poxvirus infected sheep. Rev Med Vet, 2008; 159: 54-58.
  • Jalila A, Dorny P, Sani R, Salim NB, Vercruysse J. Coccidial Infections of Goats in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Vet Parasitol. 1998; 74(2-4): 165-172.
  • Karababa F, Yesilova Y, Turan E, Selek S, Altun H, Selek S. Impact of depressive symptoms on oxidative stress in patients with psoriasis. Redox Rep. 2013; 18: 51-55.
  • Karaer Z, Orkun Ö, Sürsal N. Sığır, Koyun ve Keçilerde Coccidiosis. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2012; 3(2): 1-8.
  • Kirmizigül AH, Ogun M, Ozen H, Erkilic EE, Gokce E. Karaman M and Kukurt A. Oxidative stress and total sialic acid levels in sheep naturally infected with pox virus. Pak Vet J. 2016; 36: 312-315.
  • Kozan E, Avcı G, Kırcalı SF, Birdane FM, Köse M. Askaridiozisli ve tedavi edilmiş köpeklerde antioksidan düzeylerinin ve bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 57: 93-97.
  • Le Sueur C, Mage C, Mundt HC. Efficacy of Toltrazuril (Baycox %5 suspension) in Naturally İnfection with Pathogenic Eimeria Ssp. in Housed Lambs. Parasitol Res.2009 104: 1157-1162. Mac Kinnon KL, Molnar Z, Lowe D, Watson ID, Shearer E. Measures of total frer a dical activity in criticall yill patients. Clin Biochem. 1999; 32(4): 263-268.
  • Macun HC, Çınar M, Azkur AK, Kalender H, Erat S. Oxidative Stress in Akkaraman Ewes with Seropositive for Schmallenberg Virus. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg. 2018; 13: 128-134.
  • Merhan O, Bozukluhan K, Gokce HI. Acute phase proteins and biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc. 2017a; 68:, 535-540.
  • Merhan O, Bozukluhan K, Kuru M, Büyük F, Özden Ö, Kükürt A. Investigation of oxidative stress index and lipid profile in cattle with Brucellosis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2017b; 23 (6), 933-937.
  • Mert H, Yaşar S, Mert N. Kist Hidatitli Koyunlarda TAS ve TOS Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Eurasian JHS. 2019; 2(4): 164-168.
  • Miller JK, Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E, Madsen FC. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function. J Dairy Sci. 1993;76: 2812-2823.
  • Mundt HC, Dittmar K, Daugschies A, Grzonka E, Bangoura B. Study of the Comparative Efficacy of Toltrazuril and Diclazuril Against Ovine Coccidiosis in Housed Lambs. J Parasitol Res. 2009; 105(1): 141-150. Odden A, Denwood MJ, Stuen S, Robertson LJ, Ruiz A, Hamnes IS, Hektoen L, Enemark H. L.Field evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy: a novel approach demonstrates reduced efficacy of toltrazuril against ovine eimeria spp. in Norway. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2018; 8(2): 304-311.
  • Ok M, İdet M, Durgut MK, Ceylan O, Ertürk A. Kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019; 12(1): 37-40.
  • Öcal N, Yagci BB, Duru SY, Kul O. Toltrazuril Treatment for Acute Clinical Coccidiosis in Hair Goat Kids: Clinical Pathological, Haematologic and Biochemical Findings. Med Wet. 2007; 63(7): 805.
  • Perez R, Palma C, Nunez MJ, Cox J, Arboix M. Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. J vet Pharmacol Therap. 2008; 31(1): 71–76. Saleh MA, Al-Salahy MB, Sanousi SA. Oxidative stress in blood of camels (Camelus dromedaries) naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet Parasitol 2009; 162: 192– 199. Saleh MA. Circulating oxidative stress status in desert sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 154: 262–269.
  • Sentürk N. Kütanöz inflamasyon/Cutaneous inflammation. Turkderm Turk Arch Dermatol Venereol. 2013; 47(1): 28.
  • Şimşek S, Yuce A, Utuk AE. Determination of serum malondialdehyde levels in sheep naturally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum. F U Saglık Bil Dergisi, 2006; 20: 217– 220.
  • Soliman AM. Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue of toltrazuril in broiler chickens. Int J Basic Appl. Sci. 2015; 4(3): 310–314.
  • Woodbury RG, Miller HRP, Huntley JF, Newlands GFJ, Palliser AC. Wakelin D. Mucosal mast cells are functionally active during spontaneous expulsion of intestinal nematode infections in rat. Nature. 1984; 312: 450–452.
  • Zhu H, Li YR. Oxidative stress and redox signaling mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease: updated experimental and clinical evidence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237: 474-480.

Honamlı Irkı Oğlakların Akut Doğal Koksidiyozisinin Tedavisinde Toltrazuril Uygulamasının Serum Oksidatif Stres Düzeyleri, Serum Haptoglobin Düzeyleri ve Hematolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, , 355 - 362, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1138515

Öz

Eimeria türlerinin neden olduğu koksidiyoziste kuzu ve oğlaklarda diyareye neden olan etkenlerden biridir. Kuzu ve oğlaklarında akut koksidiyozis tedavisinde toltrazuril’in oldukça etkili olduğu bilinse de canlıda nasıl etkiler oluşturduğu ile ilgili bilgiler sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Honamlı ırkı oğlakların akut doğal koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril uygulamasının hayvanda oluşturduğu etkilerin, serum oksidatif stres düzeyleri, serum haptoglobin düzeyleri ve hematoljik parametreler belirlenerek ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın metaryalini özel bir işletmede bulunan, 20-30 günlük, akut doğal koksidiyozisli 10 adet Honamlı ırkı erkek oğlak oluşturmuştur. Koksidiyozisin tedavisinde Tek 20 mg/kg dozunda toltrazuril uygulanmıştır. Bulgularda, beyaz kan hücresi (WBC), Lenfosit sayısı, Lenfosit %, Nötrofil sayısı, Nötrofil %, Eozinofil sayısı, Eozinofil %, Bazofil sayısı, Bazofil %, Monosit sayısı, Monosit %, kırmızı kan hücresi (RBC), ortalama korpusküler volüm (MCV), ortalama korpusküler hemoglobin (MCH) ortalama korpusküler Hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC) sayısı değerlerinin tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası ölçümleri arasında istatistiksel bir fark (p<0.05) belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak total oksidant statü (TOS) ve okidatif stres indeksi (OSI) değerlerinin tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası ölçümleri arasında da istatistiksel fark (p<0.05) belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada akut koksidiyozisli oğlakların tedavisinde toltrazuril’in etkili olduğu ve toltrazuril uygulamasından 7 gün sonra haptoglobin (Hp) değerinin yükseldiği, total antioksidant statü (TAS), TOS ve OSI değerlerinin düştüğü belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Al‐Qadri RF, Abu‐Basha EA, Ababneh MM, Bani Ismail Z, Idkaidek NM. Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes and determination of their concentrations in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma. J vet Pharmacol Therap. 2020; 43(4); 339-346.
  • Aydoğdu U, Coşkun A, Başbuğ O, Ağaoğlu ZT. Parvoviral enteritisli köpeklerde total oksidan-antioksidan durum ile oksidatif stres indeksinin değerlendirilmesi. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg. 2018; 32: 161-164.
  • Bozukluhan K, Merhan O, Kızıltepe Ş, Harmankaya A, Gökçe G. Determination of Oxidative Stress and Ceruloplasmin Levels in Sheep with Toxoplasmosis. Van Vet J. 2020; 31(2): 83-86.
  • Bozukluhan K, Merhan O, Özcan A, Gökçe Hİ, Gökçe G. Toxocara vitulorum ile doğal enfekte buzağılarda serum haptoglobin düzeyi, oksidatif belirteçler ve bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2017; 64: 75-79.
  • Cartier C, Pellet, MP, Pors I. Effects of Toltrazuril on Oocyts Discharge and Growth in Kids with Naturally –Acquired Coccidial Infection. Small Rumin Res. 1992; 8: 171-177.
  • Çicek M, Evliyaoğlu O, Böyük A, Tekin A. Investigation of Some Sera Biomarker Levels in Fascioliasis Patient. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 18: 181-185.
  • Çimtay İ, Sevgili M. Koksidiyozisli Kuzularda Tedavi Öncesi ve Sonrası Bazı Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Araştırmalar. Van Vet J. 2003; 4: 91-94.
  • Diaferia M, Veronesi F, Morganti G, Nisoli L, Fioretti DP. Efficacy of Toltrazuril 5% Suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and Diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the Control of Eimeria Spp. in Lambs. Parasitol Res. 2013; 112(S1): 163-168.
  • Dirikolu L, Karpiesiuk W, Lehner A, Hughes C, Granstrom D, Tobin T. Synthesis and detection of toltrazuril sulfone and its pharmacokinetics in horses following administration in dimethylsulfoxide. J vet Pharmacol Therap. 2009; 32(4): 368–378.
  • Eckersall PD. Recent advances and future prospects for the use of acute phase proteins as markers of disease in animal. Revue Med Vet. 2000; 151(7): 577-584.
  • El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Elsohaby I, Salem M, Alhaider A, Kandeel M. Investigation of acute-phase proteins and cytokines response in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia with special reference to their diagnostic accuracy. Peer J. 2020; 8: e10394.
  • Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem, 2005; 38(12): 1103- 1111.
  • Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem. 2004; 37(4): 277- 285.
  • Ertaş F, Kırmızıgül AH. Fasiyolozisli Koyunlarda Oksidatif Stres ve Metabolik Profilin Araştırılması. Ataturk Univ Vet Bilim Derg. 2021; 16(2): 204-210.
  • Gauly M, Reeg J, Bauer C, Erhardt G. Influence of Production Systems in Lambs on the Eimeria Oocyst Output and Weight Gain. Small Rumin Res. 2004; 55(1-3): 159-167.
  • Ghanem MM, Abd El-Raof YM. Clinical and HaematoBiochemical Studies on Lamb Coccidiosis and Changes Following Amprolium and Sulphadimthoxine Therapy. Benha Vet Med J. 2005; 16(2): 2.
  • Gonzalez FHD, Hernandez F, Madrid J, Martinez-Subiela S, Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron JJ, Tecles F. Acute phase proteins in experimentally induced pregnancy toxemia in goats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2011; 3: 57–62.
  • Gültekin M, Paşa S, Ural K, Balıkçı C, Ekren Aşıcı GS, Gültekin G. Visseral leishmaniasis’in farklı evrelerindeki köpeklerde oksidatif durum ve lipid profili. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2017; 41: 183-187.
  • Harder A, Haberkorn A. Possible mode of action of toltrazuril: studies on two Eimeria species and mammalian and Ascaris suum enzymes. Parasitol Res. 1989; 76(1): 8–12. Iqbal A, Tariq KA, Wazir VS, Singh R. Antiparasitic Efficacy of Artemisia Absinthium, Toltrazuril and Amprolium Against Intestinal Coccidiosis in Goats. J Parasit Dis. 2013; 37(1): 88- 93. İssi M, Gul Y, Yılmaz S. Clinical haematological and antioxidant status in naturally poxvirus infected sheep. Rev Med Vet, 2008; 159: 54-58.
  • Jalila A, Dorny P, Sani R, Salim NB, Vercruysse J. Coccidial Infections of Goats in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Vet Parasitol. 1998; 74(2-4): 165-172.
  • Karababa F, Yesilova Y, Turan E, Selek S, Altun H, Selek S. Impact of depressive symptoms on oxidative stress in patients with psoriasis. Redox Rep. 2013; 18: 51-55.
  • Karaer Z, Orkun Ö, Sürsal N. Sığır, Koyun ve Keçilerde Coccidiosis. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2012; 3(2): 1-8.
  • Kirmizigül AH, Ogun M, Ozen H, Erkilic EE, Gokce E. Karaman M and Kukurt A. Oxidative stress and total sialic acid levels in sheep naturally infected with pox virus. Pak Vet J. 2016; 36: 312-315.
  • Kozan E, Avcı G, Kırcalı SF, Birdane FM, Köse M. Askaridiozisli ve tedavi edilmiş köpeklerde antioksidan düzeylerinin ve bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 57: 93-97.
  • Le Sueur C, Mage C, Mundt HC. Efficacy of Toltrazuril (Baycox %5 suspension) in Naturally İnfection with Pathogenic Eimeria Ssp. in Housed Lambs. Parasitol Res.2009 104: 1157-1162. Mac Kinnon KL, Molnar Z, Lowe D, Watson ID, Shearer E. Measures of total frer a dical activity in criticall yill patients. Clin Biochem. 1999; 32(4): 263-268.
  • Macun HC, Çınar M, Azkur AK, Kalender H, Erat S. Oxidative Stress in Akkaraman Ewes with Seropositive for Schmallenberg Virus. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg. 2018; 13: 128-134.
  • Merhan O, Bozukluhan K, Gokce HI. Acute phase proteins and biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc. 2017a; 68:, 535-540.
  • Merhan O, Bozukluhan K, Kuru M, Büyük F, Özden Ö, Kükürt A. Investigation of oxidative stress index and lipid profile in cattle with Brucellosis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2017b; 23 (6), 933-937.
  • Mert H, Yaşar S, Mert N. Kist Hidatitli Koyunlarda TAS ve TOS Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Eurasian JHS. 2019; 2(4): 164-168.
  • Miller JK, Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E, Madsen FC. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function. J Dairy Sci. 1993;76: 2812-2823.
  • Mundt HC, Dittmar K, Daugschies A, Grzonka E, Bangoura B. Study of the Comparative Efficacy of Toltrazuril and Diclazuril Against Ovine Coccidiosis in Housed Lambs. J Parasitol Res. 2009; 105(1): 141-150. Odden A, Denwood MJ, Stuen S, Robertson LJ, Ruiz A, Hamnes IS, Hektoen L, Enemark H. L.Field evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy: a novel approach demonstrates reduced efficacy of toltrazuril against ovine eimeria spp. in Norway. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2018; 8(2): 304-311.
  • Ok M, İdet M, Durgut MK, Ceylan O, Ertürk A. Kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019; 12(1): 37-40.
  • Öcal N, Yagci BB, Duru SY, Kul O. Toltrazuril Treatment for Acute Clinical Coccidiosis in Hair Goat Kids: Clinical Pathological, Haematologic and Biochemical Findings. Med Wet. 2007; 63(7): 805.
  • Perez R, Palma C, Nunez MJ, Cox J, Arboix M. Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. J vet Pharmacol Therap. 2008; 31(1): 71–76. Saleh MA, Al-Salahy MB, Sanousi SA. Oxidative stress in blood of camels (Camelus dromedaries) naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet Parasitol 2009; 162: 192– 199. Saleh MA. Circulating oxidative stress status in desert sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 154: 262–269.
  • Sentürk N. Kütanöz inflamasyon/Cutaneous inflammation. Turkderm Turk Arch Dermatol Venereol. 2013; 47(1): 28.
  • Şimşek S, Yuce A, Utuk AE. Determination of serum malondialdehyde levels in sheep naturally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum. F U Saglık Bil Dergisi, 2006; 20: 217– 220.
  • Soliman AM. Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue of toltrazuril in broiler chickens. Int J Basic Appl. Sci. 2015; 4(3): 310–314.
  • Woodbury RG, Miller HRP, Huntley JF, Newlands GFJ, Palliser AC. Wakelin D. Mucosal mast cells are functionally active during spontaneous expulsion of intestinal nematode infections in rat. Nature. 1984; 312: 450–452.
  • Zhu H, Li YR. Oxidative stress and redox signaling mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease: updated experimental and clinical evidence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237: 474-480.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Kemal Varol 0000-0002-3057-2865

Mustafa Eser 0000-0003-1542-2989

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 5 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Varol, K., & Eser, M. (2022). The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 15(3), 355-362. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1138515
AMA Varol K, Eser M. The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids. kvj. Eylül 2022;15(3):355-362. doi:10.30607/kvj.1138515
Chicago Varol, Kemal, ve Mustafa Eser. “The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 15, sy. 3 (Eylül 2022): 355-62. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1138515.
EndNote Varol K, Eser M (01 Eylül 2022) The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 15 3 355–362.
IEEE K. Varol ve M. Eser, “The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids”, kvj, c. 15, sy. 3, ss. 355–362, 2022, doi: 10.30607/kvj.1138515.
ISNAD Varol, Kemal - Eser, Mustafa. “The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 15/3 (Eylül 2022), 355-362. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1138515.
JAMA Varol K, Eser M. The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids. kvj. 2022;15:355–362.
MLA Varol, Kemal ve Mustafa Eser. “The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 15, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 355-62, doi:10.30607/kvj.1138515.
Vancouver Varol K, Eser M. The Effects of Toltrazuril Administration on Serum Oxidative Stress Levels, Serum Haptoglobin Levels and Hematological Parameters in The Treatment of Acute Natural Coccidiosis in Honamli Kids. kvj. 2022;15(3):355-62.

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