The Effects of In Ovo Administered Monosodium Glutamate on the Embryonic Development of Skeletal Muscle in Chickens

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in ovo administration on embryonic skeletal muscle development in chicken embryos, using histological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. In this study, a total of 410 fertilized chicken eggs were used and were divided into five group as control, vehicle control, low-dose group (0.12 mg/g egg MSG), medium-dose group (0.6 mg/g egg MSG), and high-dose group (1.2 mg/g egg MSG). At incubation days 18 and 21, eggs from each group were opened and six live embryos were obtained. The embryos were sacrificed by decapitation, and skeletal muscle tissue samples (musculus fibularis longus and musculus sternocoracoideus pectoralis) were obtained. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Moreover, caspase-3 reactivity was determined using the immunohistochemical method. Muscle development was delayed in the MSG groups and the number of caspase3-positive cells was higher (p < 0.05) than in the controls. Histopathological examinations revealed degenerative and necrotic changes in the skeletal muscle. Muscle degeneration (edema, muscle fiber degeneration, Zenker’s necrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltrations) were observed in all groups, except for the control groups. It was concluded that MSG could adversely affect the development of the skeletal muscle.

Keywords

• Caspase-3
• Embryotoxicity
• Monosodium glutamate
• Skeletal muscle

Yumurtaya Verilen Monosodyum Glutamat’ın Tavuklard

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı yumurtaya verilen monosodyum glutamat (MSG)’ın civcivlerde iskelet kasının embriyonik gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerinin histolojik, histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırmaktı. Bu çalışmada 410 adet döllü tavuk yumurtası kullanıldı ve kontrol, taşıyıcı kontrol, düşük doz grup (0.12 mg/g MSG), orta doz grup (0.6 mg/g MSG) ve yüksek doz grup (1.2 mg/g MSG) olarak 5 gruba ayrıldı. Kuluçkanın 18 ve 21. günlerinde, her bir gruptan yumurtalar açıldı ve 6 canlı embriyo elde edildi. Embriyolar dekapitasyon ile sakrifiye edildi ve iskelet kası (musculus sternocoracoideus pectoralis, musculus fibularis longus) doku örnekleri alındı. Kesitler Hematoksilen-Eozin boyama yöntemi ile boyandı. Caspase-3 reaktivitesi ise immünohistokimyasal yöntemle belirlendi. Kas gelişiminin MSG uygulanan gruplarda geri kaldığı ve caspase-3 immunpozitif hücrelerin kontrol grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında daha fazla olduğu dikkati çekti (p<0.05). Histopatolojik incelemelerde iskelet kasında dejeneratif ve nekrotik değişiklikler saptandı. Kontrol ve distile su grubu hariç tüm gruplarda kaslarda dejenerasyon (ödem, kas fibrillerinde dejenerasyon, Zenker nekrozu ve mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu) gözlendi. MSG'nin iskelet kası gelişimi üzerine olumsuz etkilerinin olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Embriyotoksisite
• İskelet kası
• Kaspaz-3
• Monosodyum glutamate

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