Prevalence of Enteropathogens in Neonatal Calves with Acute Diarrhea in Aydın Province

Abstract

Neonatal calf diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality that is frequently reported worldwide and can cause serious direct and indirect economic losses. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus and Giardia sp. which play a role in the etiology of diarrhea in neonatal calves in Aydın province and to evaluate the severity of clinical findings caused by etiological agents. The study included 167 calves with diarrhea, 86 males and 81 females, aged 1-28 days in Aydın province. Calf health scores (BSS) were determined on the basis of clinical examination results. Detection of E.coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus and Giardia sp. in fecal samples was performed using a rapid diagnostic test kit. The prevalence of the causative agents of diarrhea were Cryptosporidium spp. (55.09%), Rotavirus (37.13%), Coronavirus (19.76%), Giardia spp. (7.19%) and E. coli K99 (5.39%) regardless of whether they were mono or co-infection. Among the co-infections, Cryptosporidium spp. + Rotavirus (16.77%) was the most common combination. According to BSS, the highest score (6.5) was found in Cryptosporidium + Rotavirus + Coronavirus combination and the lowest score (4) was found in Cryptosporidium + Giardia combination. The results revealed that Cryptosporidium spp. and Rotavirus were the most common diarrhea agents in neonatal calves in Aydın province and that there may be different variables affecting BSS. These results are significant for developing effective control strategies for the leading etiological causes of diarrhea in calves.

Keywords

• Calf
• Clinic Score
• Diarrhea
• Etiology
• Prevalance

Aydın İlinde Akut İshalli Neonatal Buzağılarda Enteropatojenlerin Prevalansının Araştırılması

Öz

Neonatal buzağı ishalleri, dünya çapında sık bildirilen, doğrudan ve dolaylı ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olabilen önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Bu çalışmada, Aydın ilindeki neonatal buzağılarda ishalin etiyolojisinde rol oynayan E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus ve Giardia sp. etkenlerinin prevalansının belirlenmesi ve etiyolojik etkenlerin oluşturduğu klinik bulguların şiddetinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Araştırmaya, Aydın ilinde bulunan 1-28 günlük yaşta, 86 erkek ve 81 dişi olmak üzere 167 ishalli buzağı dahil edildi. Klinik muayene sonuçları temelinde buzağı sağlık skorları (BSS) belirlendi. Dışkı örneklerinde E.coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus ve Giardia sp. etkenlerinin belirlenmesi hızlı tanı test kiti kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. İshale neden olan etkenlerin mono ya da koenfekte olmalarına bakılmaksızın yaygınlıkları sırasıyla Cryptosporidium spp. (%55,09), Rotavirus (%37,13), Coronavirus (%19,76), Giardia spp. (%7,19) ve E. coli K99 (%5,39) olarak tespit edildi. Koenfeksiyonlar arasında Cryptosporidium spp. + Rotavirus (%16,77) ile en yaygın kombinasyon olarak belirlendi. BSS’ye göre en yüksek skorun (6,5), Cryptosporidium + Rotavirus + Coronavirus kombinasyonunda, en düşük skorun (4) ise Cryptosporidium + Giardia kombinasyonunda olduğu saptandı. Sonuçlar, Aydın ilinde neonatal buzağılarda en yaygın ishal etkenlerinin Cryptosporidium spp. ve Rotavirus olduğunu ve BSS'yi etkileyen farklı değişkenlerin olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, buzağılarda ishalin öne çıkan etiyolojik nedenlerine yönelik etkin kontrol stratejileri geliştirmek açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buzağı
• Etiyoloji
• İshal
• Klinik skor
• Prevalans

Kaynakça

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