Broyler Tavuklarda Mersin, Biberiye ve Kekik Esansiyel Yağlarının Bağırsak Motilitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırma, broyler beslemede yem katkı maddesi olarak yaygın kullanılmaya başlayan mersin, biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağlarının ince bağırsak kasılımları üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Özel bir kanatlı mezbahanesinde elde edilen (40-42 günlük) 10 adet ince bağırsak, krebs solüsyonu (NaCl, 118 mmol/l; KCl, 4.7 mmol/l; CaCl₂, 2.5 mmol/l; MgSO₄, 1 mmol/l; KH₂PO₄, 1 mmol/l glukoz 11, mmol/l; NaHCO₃, 25 mmol/l) ile +4 ⁰C’de laboratuara getirildi. Duodenum, jejenum ve ileum dokuları, 39 ^oC sıcaklıkta ve %95 O₂ - %5 CO₂ gaz karışımı ile sürekli havalandırılan 20 ml krebs çözeltisi içerisinde olacak şekilde dört kadehli izole organ banyosuna yerleştirildi. Dokuların kasılımları "force transducer" ve "acquisition system" yardımı ile bilgisayarda görüntülenerek kaydedildi. Clevenger cihazın hidrodistilasyon metodu ile elde edilen mersin, biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağları 0,1–1000 µg/ml derişim aralığında duodenum, jejenum ve ileum dokularına uygulanarak etkileri ve etkili dozları belirlendi. Aynı şekilde aynı dokularda asetilkolinin 10^-10 - 10^-3 M aralığı ile EFS ( Electrical field stimulation; Elektriksel alam uyarımı) uygulanarak maksimal kasılımlar elde edildi. Üç yağında etkili dozları maksimal kasılımların elde edildiği asetilkolin ve EFS ile tekrar değerlendirildi. Her üç dokuda da biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağlarının 1000 µg/ml, mersin yağının ise 300 ve 1000 µg/ml düzeylerinin spontan kasılımları tamamen engellediği diğer derişimlerin dokular üzerinde belirgin bir yanıt oluşturmadığı görüldü. Asetilkolin ve EFS ile uyarılmış dokularda ise esansiyel yağların etkili dozlarının kasılımları %15-35 aralığında engellediği ortaya konuldu. Sonuç olarak mersin, biberye ve kekik esansiyel yağlarının ince bağırsak kasılımlarını engellediği in vitro olarak gösterildi. Ancak bu etkinin oluşması için yüksek dozlarda uygulanması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mersin
• kekik
• esansiyel yağ
• biberiye
• ince bağırsak

The Effect of Essential Oils of Myrtle, Rosemary, and Thyme on Intestinal Motility in Broiler

Öz

This research was conducted to determine the effects of essential oils of myrtle, rosemary, and thyme, which are common essential oils in broiler nutrition, on small intestine contractility. For this purpose, small intestines of 10 broiler chickens of 40-42 days old, which were sacrificed in a special slaughterhouse and were put into Krebs solution (NaCl, 118 mmol/l; KCl, 4.7 mmol/l; CaCl₂, 2.5 mmol/l; MgSO₄, 1 mmol/l; KH₂PO₄, 1 mmol/l glucose 11, mmol/l; NaHCO₃, 25 mmol/l) and transferred to the laboratories at +4 ⁰C. Isolated strips of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were placed in a four-channeled, isolated organ bath system at 39 °C, ventilated by a mixture of 95% O2 - %5 CO₂ regularly. The contractions of the tissues were recorded by displaying them on the computer with the help of "force transducer" and "acquisition system". The effective doses and effects of essential oils of myrtle, rosemary, and thyme, obtained by hydrodistillation method of Clevenger apparatus, were determined in a concentration range of 0.1-1000 μg / ml. Similarly, maximal contractions were obtained by applying EFS at acetylcholine concentrations in a range of 10^-10 -10^-3 M. The maximal effective doses of all three essentil oils were re-evaluated at acetylcholine and EFS applications in which maximal contractions are obtained. It was determined that the essential oils of 1000 μg/ml of rosemary and thyme, and 300 and 1000 μg/ml levels of myrtle inhibited spontaneous contractions of all three tissues completely, whereas no significant responses were observed in these tissues at other concentration levels. In tissues stimulated by acetylcholine and EFS, the effective doses of the essential oils inhibited contractions in the range of 15-35%. In conclusion, the essential oils of myrtle, rosemary, and thyme were demonstrated to inhibit the contractions of small intestine in vitro . However, it has been observed that higher doses are needed to be applied to obtain this effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Myrtle
• rosemary
• thyme
• essential oils
• small intestines

Kaynakça

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