Effects of Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on Kidney Histology in Rats

Öz

Metabolic syndrome is a fatal endocrinopathy, which is progressed towards pandemic, and characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, it is aimed to investigate the histomorphological and histochemical changes caused by the metabolic syndrome in rat kidneys. For this purpose, the material was divided into two groups: 10 rats in the control group and 15 rats in the experimental group. During 16 weeks, while tap water was given to control group rats, water including 20% fructose solution was given to experimental group rats as drinking water. At the end of the study, Crossman's triple staining method was performed to determine the histological appearance and histomorphological changes in the sections taken from the kidneys. Periodic Acid Schiff Reagent (PAS) staining method was performed for histochemical analysis. The results of the study showed that the tubulus proximalis diameter, tubulus proximalis glycogen density, and glomerular mesangial matrix density increased, corpusculum renis diameter, width of cavum glomeruli and ascending limb of Henle’s loop diameter decreased. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that metabolic syndrome may adversely affect kidney histology and cause renal damage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metabolic syndrome,fructose,histology,kidney,rat

Ratlarda Fruktoz ile Oluşturulmuş Metabolik Sendromun Böbrek Histolojisi Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Metabolik sendrom pandemiye doğru ilerleyen, insülin direnci, abdominal obezite, dislipidemi, diabetes mellitus, hipertansiyon ve koroner arter hastalığı (KAH) ile karakterize ölümcül bir endokrinopatidir. Sunulan çalışamada metabolik sendromun rat böbreklerinde oluşturduğu histomorfolojik ve histokimyasal değişimlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla materyal kontrol grubunda 10, metabolik sendrom grubunda 15 rat içerecek şekilde iki gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki ratlara 16 hafta süresince çeşme suyu verilirken, metabolik sendrom grubundaki ratlara içme suyu olarak % 20 fruktoz çözeltisi verildi. Deneme sürecinin sonunda böbreklerden alınan kesitlerde histolojik görünümü ve histomorfolojik değişimleri belirlemek amacıyla Crossman’s üçlü boyama metodu, histokimyasal analiz amacıyla Periyodik Asit Schiff Reagent (PAS) boyama metodu uygulandı. Elde edilen veriler tubulus proksimalis çapı ve glikojen yoğunluğu ile glomerular mezangial matriks yoğunluğunun arttığını, korpuskulum renis çapı, Bowman aralığı genişliği ve çıkan henle çapının azaldığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, metabolik sendromun böbrek histolojisini olumsuz yönde etkileyerek renal hasara sebep olabileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metabolik sendrom,fruktoz,histoloji,böbrek,rat

Kaynakça

1. Abdel-Kawi SH, Hassanin KMA, Hashem KS. The effect of high dietary fructose on the kidney of adult albino rats and the role of curcumin supplementation: A biochemical and histological study. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2016; 52-60.
2. Aganovic I, Dušek T. Pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. EJIFCC. 2007; 18(1): 3-6.
3. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998; 15: 539-553.
4. Bratoeva K, Stoyanov GS, Merdzhanova A, Radanova M. Manifestations of renal impairment in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Cureus. 2017; 9(11): e1826.
5. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79: 537-543.
6. Choi HN, Park YH, Kim JH, Kang MJ, Jeong SM, Kim HH, Kim JI. Renoprotective and antioxidant effects of Saururus chinensis Baill in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Nutr Res Pract. 2011; 5(4): 365–9.
7. Crawford JM, Cotran RS. The Pancreas, In: Pathologic Basis of Disease, Ed: Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T. WB Saunders Com, Philadelphia, USA. 1999; pp. 913-23.
8. Crossman GA. A modification of Mallory’s connective tissue stain with a discussion of the principles involved. Anat Rec. 1937; 69(1): 33–38.

9. Culling CFA, Allison RT, Barr WT. Cellular pathology technique. Butterworths and Co Ltd London, 1985.
10. De Castro UG, dos Santos RA, Silva ME, de Lima WG, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Alzamora AC. Age-dependent effect of high-fructose and high-fat diets on lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in liver and kidney of rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013; 12: 136.
11. De Moura RF, Ribeiro C, Oliveira JA, Stevanato E, Mello MAR. Metabolic syndrome signs in Wistar rats submitted to different high-fructose ingestion protocols. Br J Nutr. 2008; 101(8): 1178-1184.
12. El-Kafoury BMA, Ahmed MA, Hammouda GA, El Kady AH, Lasheen NN. Possible role of l-carnitine in improvement of metabolic and hepatic changes in hyperuricemic and hyperuricemic-Fructose-supplemented rats. Physiol Rep. 2019; 7(22): e14282.
13. Gelmez MY, Kasapoğlu P, Adaş ÇU, Tahralı İ, Bilgiç GS, Çevik A, Deniz G. Metabolik sendromda deneysel hayvan modelleri. Deneysel Tıp Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2012; 2(4): 15-21.
14. Işıldak M, Güven GS, Gürlek A. Metabolik sendrom ve insülin direnci. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35: 96-99.
15. Kizhner T, Werman MJ. Long-term fructose intake: biochemical consequences and altered renal histology in the male rat. Metabolism 2002; 51: 1538-1547.
16. Ng HY, Lee YT, Kuo WH, Huang PC, Lee WC, Lee CT. Alterations of renal epithelial glucose and uric acid transporters in fructose induced metabolic syndrome. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2018; 43(6): 1822-1831.
17. Oudot C, Lajoix AD, Jover B, Rugale C. Dietary sodium restriction prevents kidney damage in high fructose-fed rats. Kidney Int. 2013; 83(4): 674-683.
18. Öztürk F, Iraz M, Eşrefoğlu M, Kuruş M, Gül M, Otlu A. Deneysel diyabetin sıçan böbreklerinde meydana getirdiği histolojik değişiklikler. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2005; 12(1): 1-4.
19. Riby JE, Fusijawa T, Kretchmer N. Fructose absorption. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993; 58(5): 748-753.
20. Saleh R, Merghani BH, Awadin W. Effect of high fructose administration on histopathology of kidney, heart and aorta of rats. JAVAR. 2017; 4(1): 71-79.
21. Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Jimenez A, Bautista P, Cristobal M, Nepomuceno T, Soto V, Avila-Casado C, Nakagawa T, Johnson R, Herrera-Acosta J, Franco M. Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renal microvascular damage in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007; 292: 423- 429.
22. Tomooka S, Border WA, Marshall BC, Noble NA. Glomerular matrix accumulation is linked to inhibition of the plasmin protease system. Kidney Int. 1992; 42:1462-1469.
23. Watch W. Fructose. In: H.Pelc et al.(eds). Ullmann’s Encylopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2004; pp. 474-499.
24. Yang M, Liu C, Jiang J, Zuo G, Lin X, Yamahara J, Wang J, Li Y. Ginger extract diminishes chronic fructose consumption-induced kidney injury through suppression of renal overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014; 14: 174.
25. Yanti AR, Radji M, Mun’im A, Suyatna FD. Methanol Extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl improved renal and liver histological changes in fructose 10 % induced rat. JPBR. 2014; 2(1): 79-84.
26. Yıldırım K. Model rats fructose-induced metabolc syndrome allopurunol the renal function on protective effect. Master thesis, Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, 2017.
27. Zimmet P, Magliano D, Matsuzawa Y, Alberti G, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2005; 12: 295-300.