Kazeöz Lenfadenitisli Koyunlardan İzole Edilen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Suşlarının in-Vitro Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları

Öz

Koyun ve keçilerde Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis tarafından oluşturulan kazeöz lenfadenitis (KLA), tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülmekte ve önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, KLA’li koyunlardan izole edilen C. pseudotuberculosis suşlarının çeşitli antibiyotiklere in vitro duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada KLA lezyonları gösteren toplam 67 adet koyunun akciğerlerinden izole edilen 16 adet C. pseudotuberculosis suşu test edildi. Disk difüzyon yöntemiyle yapılan değerlendirmede; tetrasiklin, oksitetrasiklin, streptomisin, enrofloksasin, kloksasilin, ampisilin/sulbaktam, amoksisilin/klavulanik asit, penisilin/novobiosin, trimetoprim/sulfametaksazol ve neomisin/basitrasin/tetrasiklin diskleri kullanıldı. Suşların 14 (%87.5) adeti enrofloksasine, 13 (%81.2) adeti neomisin/basitrasin/tetrasikline, 12 (%75.0) adeti penisilin/novobiosine, 11 (%68.7) adeti oksitetrasikline, 11 (%68.7) adeti amoksisilin/klavulanik asite, 10 (%62.5) adeti kloksasiline, 9 (%56.2) adeti tetrasikline, 5 (%31.2) adeti ampisilin/sulbaktama ve 3 (%18.7) adeti ise trimetoprim/sulfametaksazole duyarlı bulundu. İzolatlardan hiçbiri streptomisine duyarlı bulunmadı. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiyotik duyarlılık testi
• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
• Kazeöz lenfadenitis

In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Isolated from Sheep with Caseous Lymphadenitis

Öz

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is a highly prevalent disease of sheep and goats resulting in significant economic losses in the world. In this study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of C. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from sheep with CLA to various antibiotics. A total of 16 C. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from lung samples of 67 sheep with CLA lesions were tested. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, cloxacillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, penicillin/novobiocin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and neomycin/bacitracin/tetracycline discs were tested by disc diffusion method. A total of 14 (87.5%) C. pseudotuberculosis strains were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 13 (81.2%) strains to neomycin/bacitracin/tetracycline, 12 (75.0%) strains to penicillin/novobiocin, 11 (68.7%) strains to oxytetracycline, 11 (68.7%) strains to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 10 (62.5%) strains to cloxacillin, 9 (56.2%) strains to tetracycline, 5 (31.2%) strains to ampicillin/sulbactam and 3 (18.7%) strains to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. None of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
• Caseous lymphadenitis
• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Kaynakça

1. Abdel Wahab MB, Shigidi MTA. In vitro sensitivity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis to 16 antimicrobial agents. Sudan J Vet Res. 2013; 28: 23-25.
2. Abebe D, Tessema TS. Determination of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from lymph nodes of sheep and goats at an organic export abattoir, Modjo, Ethiopia. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2015; 61: 469-476.
3. Alavi SM, Alavi L. Treatment of brucellosis: a systematic review of studies in recent twenty years. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013; 4(2): 636–641.
4. Algammal AM. Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from sheep and goats suffering from caseous lymphadenitis. Zagazig Vet J. 2016; 44 (1): 1-8.
5. Ali AD, Mahmoud AA, Khadr AM, Elshemey TM, Abdelrahman AH. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: disease prevalence, lesion distribution, and diagnostic comparison through microbiological culture and molecular diagnosis. AJVS. 2016; 51(2): 189-198.
6. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibilty testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966; 45: 493.
7. Bastos BL, Portela RWD, Dorella FA, Ribeiro D, Seyffert N, Castro TLP, Miyoshi A, Oliveira SO, Meyer R, Azevedo V. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: immunological responses in animal models and zoonotic potential. J Clin Cell Immunol. 2012; S4:005: doi:10.4172/2155-9899.S4-005.
8. Dorella FA, Pacheco LGC, Olivera SC, Miyashi A, Azevedo V. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence. Vet Res. 2006; 37: 201-218.

9. Fernández EP, Vela AI, Las Heras A, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Moreno MA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of corynebacteria isolated from ewe’s mastitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001; 18: 571– 574.
10. İlhan Z. Koyunlarda Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis’in ELISA ve dot-blot ELISA ile teşhisi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2003; 27(6): 1327-1333.
11. Kuria JK, Holstad G. A seroepidemiological investigation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks in southern Norway. Acta Vet Scand. 1989; 30: 107–108.
12. Lee S, Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Animals living in polluted environments are potential source of antimicrobials against infectious agents. Pathogens Glob Health. 2012; 106 (4): 218-223.
13. Middleton MJ, Epstein WM, Gregory GG. Caseous lymphadenitis on Flinders Island: prevalence and management surveys. Aust Vet J. 1991; 68: 311–312.
14. Muckle CA, Gyles CL. Characterization of strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Can J Comp Med. 1982; 46, 206–208.
15. NCCLS. National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2013. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 23rd informational supplement. CLSI M100- S23. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
16. OIE. World health Organisation for Animal Health. Available at: http://www.oie.int/hs2/sit_mald_ cont.asp?c_mald=156andc_cont=6andannee=2004. 2009; (Accession date: 02.02.2020).
17. Parin U, Kırkan Ş, Ural K, Savaşan S, Erbaş G, Gültekin M, Yüksel HT, Balıkçı C. Molecular identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep. Acta Vet Brno. 2018; 87, 3-8.
18. Pepin M, Boisrame A, Marly J. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: biochemical properties, production of toxin and virulence of ovine and caprine strains. Ann Rech Vet. 1989; 20: 111–115.
19. Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Leonard FC, Fitzpatrick ES, Fanning S, Hartigan PJ. Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK. 2011; pp. 207-212.
20. Robaj A, Hamidi A, Bytyqi H, Sylejmani D. Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from caseous lymphadenitis in sheep in Kosovo. Bulgarian J Agri Sci. 2017; 23(6): 1033–1036.
21. Sa MCA, Veschi JLA, Santos GB, Amanso ES, Oliveira SAS, Mota RA, Veneroni-Gouveia G, Costa MM. Activity of disinfectants and biofilm production of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Pesq Vet Bras. 2013; 33(11): 1319-1324.
22. Sakmanoğlu A, Hadimli HH, Erganiş E, Pınarkara Y, Sayın Z, Kav K. Koyunlardan izole edilen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis suşlarının identifikasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2015; 31(2): 116-121.
23. Stanford K, Brogden KA, McClelland LA, Kozub GC, Audibert F. The incidence of caseous lymphadenitis in Alberta sheep and assessment of impact by vaccination with commercial and experimental vaccines. Can J Vet Res. 1998; 62, 38-43.
24. WHO. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/17-01-2020-lack-of-new-antibiotics-threatens-global-efforts-to-contain-drug-resistant-infections.2020; (Accession date: 03.02.2020).