Ardahan Yöresindeki İneklerde Ketozis Yaygınlığının Araştırılması

Öz

Postpartum dönemde, yüksek verimli süt ineklerinde enerji gereksinimi artmaktadır. Bu dönemde oluşabilen negatif enerji dengesinin (NED) derecesine göre, klinik veya subklinik ketozis meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Ardahan yöresinde süt ineklerindeki ketozis yaygınlığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılacak hayvan materyali sayısı TÜİK verilerine göre yapılan istatiksel analizler sonucunda 200 olarak belirlendi. Hayvan materyali, Ardahan Merkez, Göle, Çıldır, Hanak ve Damal ilçelerinden seçildi. Çalışma yapılan işletmeler; süt verimi, yönetim, bakım ve beslenme faktörleri açısından birbirine benzer olarak seçildi. Ketozisin prevelansını belirlemek amacıyla kan numuneleri doğumdan sonra 7 ve 14. günlerde toplandı ve elde edilen örneklerden Beta Hidroksibütirat (BHB), NEFA ve glukoz seviyeleri belirlendi. BHB konsantrasyonu, 1.0-1.4 mmol/L arasında olanlar subklinik ketozisli olarak kabul edildi. BHB konsantrasyonu ≥1.4 mmol/L olanlar ise klinik ketozisli olarak kabul edildi. Çalışma sonucunda Ardahan yöresinde postpartum dönemde klinik ketozis yaygınlığı %1 (2/200) ve subklinik ketozis yaygınlığı ise %10 (20/200) olarak tespit edildi. Ketozisli hayvanların kan glukoz seviyesi sağlıklı hayvanlara göre önemli derecede düşük tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beta Hidroksibütirat
• klinik ketozis
• subklinik ketozis
• esterleşmemiş yağ asidi
• negatif enerji dengesi

Investigation of the Prevalence of Ketosis in Cows in Ardahan Region

Öz

In the postpartum period, the energy requirement increases in high yielding dairy cows. According to the negative energy balance (NED) degree, clinical or subclinical ketosis may occur during this period. In this study; The aim was to investigate the prevalence of ketosis in dairy cows in Ardahan Region. The animal material to be used in the study was determined as 200 as a result of statistical analyzes of TUIK data. Animal material was selected from Ardahan city center, Göle, Çıldır, Hanak and Damal districts. The enterprises where, study is carried out are similar in terms of milk yield, management, maintenance and nutrition factors. Blood samples were collected on days 7 and 14 postpartum to determine the prevalence of ketosis. Beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose levels were determined from the obtained samples. Patients with BHB concentration with 1.0<1.4 mmol / L were considered to have subclinical ketosis. Patients with BHB concentration with ≥1.4 mmol / L were considered to have clinical ketosis. The prevalence of clinical ketosis in the postpartum period in Ardahan was 1% (2/200) and the prevalence of subclinical ketosis in Ardahan was 10% (20/200). Blood glucose levels of animals with ketosis were significantly lower than the healthy animals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beta Hydroxybutyrate
• clinical ketozis
• subklinical ketozis
• non-esterified fatty acid
• negative energy balance

Teşekkür

This research was prepared by summarizing from a section of her PhD thesis entitled “Investigation of the Prevalence of Ketosis in Cows in Ardahan Region”.

Kaynakça

1. Aeberhard K, Bruckmaier R.M, Blum J.W. Enzymatic and endocrine status in high-yielding dairy cows-part 2. J. Vet. Med. A, 2001; 48(2):111-127.
2. Akgül G. Subklinik ve klinik ketozisli ineklerde adiponektin düzeyinin ölçülmesi, nefa, bhba ve adiponektin düzeyleri aralarındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi. PhD thesis, Uludağ University Health Science Institute, Bursa, 2014.
3. Andersson L, Emanuelson U. An epidemiological study of hyperketonaemia in Swedish dairy cows; determinants and the relation to fertility. Prev. Vet. Med, 1985; 3(5):449–462.
4. Andre E, Bazin S, Siliart B. Interest and limits of blood chemistry in high producing cows. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1987; 43:110-116.
5. Aslan V, Nizamlioglu M. İneklerde gebelik ve laktasyon dönemlerinde kan glukoz degerleri ve subklinik ketozisin teshisi üzerinde arastırmalar, Selçuk Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg, 1985; 1(1):57-64.
6. Barton B.A, Horst R.L, Jorgensen N.A, Deluca H.F. Concentration of calcium, phosphorus and 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D in plasma of dairy cows during the lactation cycle. J Dairy Sci, 1981; 64(5):850-852.
7. Bertics S.J, Grummer R.R, Valino C.C, Stoddard E.E. Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 1992; 75(7):1914-1922.
8. Blood D.C, Radostits O.M. Veterinary Medicine, 7th Ed, Bailliere Tindall, Philadelphia, 1989; 1128-1138.

9. Brumby P.E, Anderson M, Tucklet B, Storry J.E, Hibbitt K. Lipid metabolism in the cow during starvation-induced ketosis. Biochemic Journal, 1975; 146(3):609-615.
10. Brunner N, Groeger S, Raposo J.C, Bruckmaier R.M, Gross J.J. Prevalence of subclinical ketosis and production diseases in dairy cows in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, and Eastern Europe. Transl. Anim. Sci, 2019; 3(1):84–92.
11. Busato A, Faissler D, Kupfer U, Blum J.W. Body conditions scores in dairy cows: associations with metabolic and endocrine changes in healthy dairy cows. J. Vet. Med. A., 2002; 49(9):455-460.
12. Can R, Yılmaz K, Erkal N. Primer ketozisli süt ineklerinin bazı kan özellikleri ve sağaltımı üzerinde klinik araştırmalar, Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 1987; 34(3):433-448.
13. Cavestany D, Blanch J.E, Kulcsar M, Uriarte G, Chilibroste P, Meikle A, Febel H, Ferraris A, Kral E. Studies of the transition cow under a pasture-based milk production system: metabolic profiles. J. Vet. Med. A, 2005; 52(1):1–7.
14. Drackley J.K, Richard M.J, Ber D.C, Young J.W. Metabolic Changes in Dairy Cows with Ketonemia in Response to Feed Restriction and Dietary 1,3 Butanediol. Journal of Dairy Science, 1992; 75(6):1622-1634.
15. Drackley J.K. Biology of dairy cows during transition period: the final frontier?, Journal of Dairy Science, 1999; 82(11):2259-2273.
16. Duffield T.F. Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics North America Food Animal Practice, 2000; 16(2):231-253.
17. El-Deeb W.M, El-Bahr S.M. Biochemical markers of ketosis in dairy cows at post paturient period: oxidative stress biomarkers and lipid profile. Vet Arhiv, 2017; 87(4):431-440.
18. Emery R.S, Bell J.W, Thomas J.W. Benefits derived from routine testing form ilk ketones, J. Dairy Res., 1968; 51(8):1308-1309.
19. Goff J.P, Horst R.L. Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders, Journal of Dairy Sci., 1997; 80(7):1260-1268.
20. Grummer R.R. Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 1993; 76(12):3882-3896.
21. Grummer R.R. Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science, 1995; 73(9):2820-2833.
22. Herdt T.H, Steven J.B, Olson W.G, Larson V. Blood concentration of β hydroxybutyrate in clinical normal holstein freisian herds and in those with a high prevalance of clinical ketosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1981; 42(3):503-506.
23. Hossain S.M.S, Samad M.A. Prevalence of sub-clincial ketozis and its associated cow level risk factors in lactatıng dairy cross-bred cows ın bangladesh. J. Vet. Med. OH Res, 2019; 1(1):29-38.
24. İssi M, Gül Y, Başbuğ O. Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketozis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 2016; 40(1):47-52.
25. Kauppinen K. ALAT, AP, ASAT, GGT, OCT activities and urea and total bilirubin concentration in plasma of normal ana ketotic dairy cows. Zentralblatt Fur Veterinarmedizin Reihe A, 1984; 31(1-10):567-576.
26. Kelly J.M. Changes in serum β hydroxybutyrate concentration in dairy cows kept under commercial farm conditions. Veterinary Record, 1977; 101(25):409- 502.
27. Kennerman E. Incidence, early diagnosis of subclinical ketosis and determinations of liver dysfunctions in Bursa region. UÜ Vet Fak Derg, 1999; 18:97-107.
28. Ospina P.A, Nydam D.V, Stokol T, Overton T.R. Evaluation of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States: Critical thresholds for prediction of clinical diseases. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010; 93(2):546-554.
29. Öğün, M. Kars yöresindeki ineklerde subklinik ketozis prevalansının biyokimyasal yöntemlerle araştırılması. PhD thesis, Kafkas University Health Science Institute, Kars, 2008.
30. Seifi H.A, Gorji-Dooz M, Mohri M, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Farzanch N. Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites during transition period in dairy cows, Comp. Clin. Pathol., 2007; 16(4):253-258.
31. Steen A, Gronstol H, Torjesen P.A. Glucose and insulin responses to glucagons injection in dairy cows with ketosis and fatty liver, Zentralbl Vet Med, 1997; 44(1-10):521–530.
32. Şahal M, Çolakoğlu C.E, Alihosseini H. Ketozis ve yağlı karaciğer sendromunun tedavisinde güncel yaklaşımlar ve tedavideki başarısızlığın nedenleri, Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci., 2011; 2(2):140-150.
33. Şentürk S, Cihan H, Mecitoğlu Z, Çatık, Akgül G, Kasap S, Topal O. Prevalence of ketosis in dairy herds in Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 2016; 63(1):283-288.
34. Vazquez-anon M, Bertics S, Luck M, Geummwe R.R, Pinheiro J. Peripartum liver triglyceride and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 1994; 77(6):1521-1528.
35. Veenhuisen J.J, Drackley J.K, Richard M, Sanderson T.P, Miler L.D, Young J.W. Metabolic changes in blood and liver during devolopment and early treatment of fatty liver and ketosis in cows. J. Dairy Sci., 1991; 74(12):4238-4253.
36. Vernon R.G. Lipid metabolism during lactation: A review of adipose tissue-liver interactions and the development of fatty liver. Journal of Dairy Research, 2005; 72(4):460-469.
37. Whitaker D.A, Kelly J.M, Smith E.J. Subclinical ketosis and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in dairy cattle. British Vet. J., 1983; 139(5):462–463.
38. Yıldız R, Ider M, OK M. Beta hidroksi bütirik asit düzeyinin diğer metabolik test parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 2019; 90 (1):15-21.
39. Yuhang S, Bo W, Shi S, Hongyou Z, Chuang X, Ling W, Cheng X. Critical thresholds of liver function parameters for ketozis prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Veterinary Quarterly, 2015; 35(3):159-164.