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Etçi Piliçlerde Damızlık Yaşı ve Erken Dönem Enerji Kısıtlamasının Mide - Bağırsak Kanalı Gelişimine Etkileri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 142 - 151, 01.03.2017

Öz

Bu araştırma etçi piliçlerde damızlık yaşı ve erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasının mide–bağırsak kanalı gelişimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada iki farklı yaştaki damızlık sürülerden (27 ve 60 hafta) elde edilen toplam 120 adet erkek etçi civciv kullanılmıştır. Her bir damızlık yaşı grubu rastgele iki diyet grubuna (C – kontrol grubu, E – enerji kısıtlaması grubu) bölünmüştür. Genç damızlıklardan elde edilen 21 günlük etçi piliçlerde bezli mide (P < 0,05), duodenum (P < 0,001), ileum (P < 0,01) ve toplam ince bağırsak relatif ağırlığı, yaşlı damızlıklardan elde edilen etçi piliçlere göre yüksek olmuştur (P < 0,001). Besi periyodu sonunda, enerji kısıtlaması grubundaki etçi piliçlerde relatif ince bağırsak ağırlığı ve ince bağırsak uzunluğu, kontrol grubuna göre yüksek (P < 0,05; P < 0,01) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, etçi piliçlerin sindirim sisteminin erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasına duyarlı olduğu ve erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasına adaptasyon sürecinin, relatif bezli mide ağırlığını azalttığı, relatif ince bağırsak ağırlığı ile ince bağırsak uzunluğunun ise artmasına neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International, 17th ed. 2000; Rockville, MD, USA.
  • Akiba Y, Murakami H. Partitioning of energy and protein during early growth of broiler chicks and contribution of vitelline residue, In: Proceedings of the 10th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Antalya, Turkey, WPSA. 1995; pp. 44-52.
  • Atasoy F, Yakan A, Uğurlu M, Ünal N, Aksu T, Cengiz S. Carcass composition, meat quality and antibody levels in male and female broiler chickens reared on low dietary protein. Vet J Ankara Univ. 2010; 57: 49-54.
  • Carpenter KJ, Clegg KM. The metabolizable energy of poultry feedingstuffs in relation to their chemical composition. J Sci Food Agric. 1956; 7: 45-51.
  • Dawson B, Trap R. Basic and clinical biostatistics. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 3rd ed. 2001; New York, USA.
  • Dibner JJ, Richards JD. The digestive system: Challenges and opportunities. J Appl Poult Res. 2004; 13: 86-93.
  • Iji PA, Saki A, Tivey DR. Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. I. ıntestinal weight and mucosal development. Brit Poult Sci. 2001; 42: 505- 513.
  • Karasawa Y. Significant role of the nitrogen recycling system through the ceca occurs in protein-depleted chickens. J Exp Zool. 1999; 283: 418-425.
  • Leeson S, Caston L, Summers JD. Broiler response to energy or energy and protein dilution in the finisher diet. Poult Sci. 1996; 75: 522-528.
  • Lilja C. A comparative study of postnatal growth and organ development in some species of birds. Growth. 1983; 47: 317-339.
  • Mahmoud KZ, Edens FW. Breeder age affects small intestine development of broiler chicks with immediate or delayed access to feed. Brit Poult Sci. 2012; 53: 32-41.
  • Noy Y, Sklan D. Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poult. Brit Poult Sci. 1998; 39: 446-451.
  • Noy Y, Geyra A, Sklan D. The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult. Poult Sci. 2001; 80: 912-919.
  • NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Academy Press, 9th rev. ed. 1994; Washington, DC, USA.
  • Olver MD. Effect of restricted feeding during the rearing period and a "forced moult" at 40 weeks of production on the productivy of Pekin breeder ducks. Brit Poult Sci. 1995; 36: 737-746.
  • Picard M, Siegel PB, Letterrier C, Geraert PA. Diluted starter diet, growth performance, and digestive tract development in fast-and slow-growing broilers. J Appl Poult Res. 1999; 8: 122-131.
  • Pinchasov J, Noy Y. Early postnatal amylolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo). Comp Biochem Physiol. 1993; 106: 221-225.
  • Samanya M, Yamauchi K. Morphological changes of the intestinal villi in chickens fed the dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compounds. J Poult Sci. 2001; 38: 289-301.
  • Schaefer CM, Corsiglia CM, Mireles A, Koutsos EA. Turkey breeder hen age affects growth and systemic and intestinal inflammatory responses in female poults examined at different ages posthatch. Poult Sci. 2006; 85: 1755-1763.
  • Sell JL, Angel CR, Piquer FJ, Mallarino EG, Al- Batshan HA. Developmental patterns of selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of young turkeys. Poult Sci. 1991; 70: 1200-1205.
  • Shamoto K, Yamauchi K. Recovery responses of chick intestinal villus morphology to different refeeding procedures. Poult Sci. 2000; 79: 718-723.
  • Shanaway MM. Body weight in relation to the development of the gastrointestinal tract in broilers. Arch Geflügelk. 1994; 58: 66-68.
  • Sklan D. Development of the digestive tract of poultry. World Poultry Sci J. 2001; 57: 415- 428.
  • Sklan D. Early nutrition and its effect on lifelong productivity in poultry, In: Conference Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (RAAN), 2003; pp: 75-79.
  • Sklan D, Noy Y. Hydrolysis and absorption in the small intestines of posthatch chicks. Poult Sci. 2000; 76: 1306-1310.
  • SPSS. Statistical Package in Social Science for Windows. Statistical Innovations Inc. 2001. (Serial Number 9869264).
  • Uni Z, Geyra A, Ben-Hur H, Sklan D. Small intestinal development in the young chick: Crypt formation and entero-cyte proliferation and migration. Brit Poult Sci. 2000; 41: 544-551.
  • Uni Z, Noy Y, Sklan D. Developmental parameters of the small intestines in heavy and light strain chicks preand post-hatch. Brit Poult Sci. 1996; 36: 63-71.
  • Uni Z, Tako E, Gal-Garber O. Morphological, molecular and functional changes in the chicken small intestine of the late-term embryo. Poult Sci. 2003; 82: 1747-1754.
  • Yadgary L, Cahaner A, Kedar O, Uni Z. Yolk sac nutrient composition and fat uptake in late-term embryos in eggs from young and old broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci. 2010; 89: 2441-2452.
  • Yalçın S, İzzetoglu GT, Aktaş A. Effects of breeder age and egg weight on morphological changes in the small intestine of chicks during the hatch window. Brit Poult Sci. 2013; 54: 810-817.
  • Yalçın S, Gürsel I, Bilgen G, Horuluoğlu BH, Güçlüer G, İzzetoglu G. Effect of egg storage duration and brooding temparatures on chick growth, intestine morphology and nutrient transporters. Animal. 2017; pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1017/S175173111500261X.
  • Yamauchi K, Yamamoto K, Isshiki Y. Morphological alterations of the intestinal villi and absorptive epithelial cells in each intetinal part in fasted chickens. Japanese Poult Sci. 1995; 32: 214-251.
  • Yang H, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang W, Huang K. Effects of early energy and protein dilution on growth performance, nutrient utilization and internal organs of broilers. Ital J Anim Sci. 2015; 14: 163-171.
  • Zaefarian F, Abdollahi MR, Ravindran V. Particle size and feed form in broiler diets: Impact on gastrointestinal tract development and gut health. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2016; 72: 277-290.

Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 142 - 151, 01.03.2017

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breeder age and early feed energy restriction on development of gastrointestinal tract in broilers. One hundred twenty day-old male broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery of different breeder ages (27 and 60 wk). Each breeder group was randomly divided into two diet groups, which included control (C) and restricted energy (E) groups. Relative proventriculus (P < 0.05), duodenum (P < 0.001), ileum (P < 0.01) and total relative small intestinal weight of broilers obtained from young breeders was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those obtained from old breeders at 21 days of age. The total small intestinal relative weight and total the small intestine length of broilers in the feed energy restriction group were found significantly higher (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) than the control group at the end of the fattening period. In conclusion, gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is susceptible to energy restriction at early growth period and adaptation of restricted energy diet decreased the proventriculus relative weight and increased the total relative weight and the total length of the small intestine.

Kaynakça

  • AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. AOAC International, 17th ed. 2000; Rockville, MD, USA.
  • Akiba Y, Murakami H. Partitioning of energy and protein during early growth of broiler chicks and contribution of vitelline residue, In: Proceedings of the 10th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Antalya, Turkey, WPSA. 1995; pp. 44-52.
  • Atasoy F, Yakan A, Uğurlu M, Ünal N, Aksu T, Cengiz S. Carcass composition, meat quality and antibody levels in male and female broiler chickens reared on low dietary protein. Vet J Ankara Univ. 2010; 57: 49-54.
  • Carpenter KJ, Clegg KM. The metabolizable energy of poultry feedingstuffs in relation to their chemical composition. J Sci Food Agric. 1956; 7: 45-51.
  • Dawson B, Trap R. Basic and clinical biostatistics. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 3rd ed. 2001; New York, USA.
  • Dibner JJ, Richards JD. The digestive system: Challenges and opportunities. J Appl Poult Res. 2004; 13: 86-93.
  • Iji PA, Saki A, Tivey DR. Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. I. ıntestinal weight and mucosal development. Brit Poult Sci. 2001; 42: 505- 513.
  • Karasawa Y. Significant role of the nitrogen recycling system through the ceca occurs in protein-depleted chickens. J Exp Zool. 1999; 283: 418-425.
  • Leeson S, Caston L, Summers JD. Broiler response to energy or energy and protein dilution in the finisher diet. Poult Sci. 1996; 75: 522-528.
  • Lilja C. A comparative study of postnatal growth and organ development in some species of birds. Growth. 1983; 47: 317-339.
  • Mahmoud KZ, Edens FW. Breeder age affects small intestine development of broiler chicks with immediate or delayed access to feed. Brit Poult Sci. 2012; 53: 32-41.
  • Noy Y, Sklan D. Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poult. Brit Poult Sci. 1998; 39: 446-451.
  • Noy Y, Geyra A, Sklan D. The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult. Poult Sci. 2001; 80: 912-919.
  • NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Academy Press, 9th rev. ed. 1994; Washington, DC, USA.
  • Olver MD. Effect of restricted feeding during the rearing period and a "forced moult" at 40 weeks of production on the productivy of Pekin breeder ducks. Brit Poult Sci. 1995; 36: 737-746.
  • Picard M, Siegel PB, Letterrier C, Geraert PA. Diluted starter diet, growth performance, and digestive tract development in fast-and slow-growing broilers. J Appl Poult Res. 1999; 8: 122-131.
  • Pinchasov J, Noy Y. Early postnatal amylolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo). Comp Biochem Physiol. 1993; 106: 221-225.
  • Samanya M, Yamauchi K. Morphological changes of the intestinal villi in chickens fed the dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compounds. J Poult Sci. 2001; 38: 289-301.
  • Schaefer CM, Corsiglia CM, Mireles A, Koutsos EA. Turkey breeder hen age affects growth and systemic and intestinal inflammatory responses in female poults examined at different ages posthatch. Poult Sci. 2006; 85: 1755-1763.
  • Sell JL, Angel CR, Piquer FJ, Mallarino EG, Al- Batshan HA. Developmental patterns of selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of young turkeys. Poult Sci. 1991; 70: 1200-1205.
  • Shamoto K, Yamauchi K. Recovery responses of chick intestinal villus morphology to different refeeding procedures. Poult Sci. 2000; 79: 718-723.
  • Shanaway MM. Body weight in relation to the development of the gastrointestinal tract in broilers. Arch Geflügelk. 1994; 58: 66-68.
  • Sklan D. Development of the digestive tract of poultry. World Poultry Sci J. 2001; 57: 415- 428.
  • Sklan D. Early nutrition and its effect on lifelong productivity in poultry, In: Conference Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (RAAN), 2003; pp: 75-79.
  • Sklan D, Noy Y. Hydrolysis and absorption in the small intestines of posthatch chicks. Poult Sci. 2000; 76: 1306-1310.
  • SPSS. Statistical Package in Social Science for Windows. Statistical Innovations Inc. 2001. (Serial Number 9869264).
  • Uni Z, Geyra A, Ben-Hur H, Sklan D. Small intestinal development in the young chick: Crypt formation and entero-cyte proliferation and migration. Brit Poult Sci. 2000; 41: 544-551.
  • Uni Z, Noy Y, Sklan D. Developmental parameters of the small intestines in heavy and light strain chicks preand post-hatch. Brit Poult Sci. 1996; 36: 63-71.
  • Uni Z, Tako E, Gal-Garber O. Morphological, molecular and functional changes in the chicken small intestine of the late-term embryo. Poult Sci. 2003; 82: 1747-1754.
  • Yadgary L, Cahaner A, Kedar O, Uni Z. Yolk sac nutrient composition and fat uptake in late-term embryos in eggs from young and old broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci. 2010; 89: 2441-2452.
  • Yalçın S, İzzetoglu GT, Aktaş A. Effects of breeder age and egg weight on morphological changes in the small intestine of chicks during the hatch window. Brit Poult Sci. 2013; 54: 810-817.
  • Yalçın S, Gürsel I, Bilgen G, Horuluoğlu BH, Güçlüer G, İzzetoglu G. Effect of egg storage duration and brooding temparatures on chick growth, intestine morphology and nutrient transporters. Animal. 2017; pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1017/S175173111500261X.
  • Yamauchi K, Yamamoto K, Isshiki Y. Morphological alterations of the intestinal villi and absorptive epithelial cells in each intetinal part in fasted chickens. Japanese Poult Sci. 1995; 32: 214-251.
  • Yang H, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang W, Huang K. Effects of early energy and protein dilution on growth performance, nutrient utilization and internal organs of broilers. Ital J Anim Sci. 2015; 14: 163-171.
  • Zaefarian F, Abdollahi MR, Ravindran V. Particle size and feed form in broiler diets: Impact on gastrointestinal tract development and gut health. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2016; 72: 277-290.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Evren Erdem

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2017
Kabul Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdem, E. (2017). Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 10(3), 142-151.
AMA Erdem E. Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers. kvj. Eylül 2017;10(3):142-151.
Chicago Erdem, Evren. “Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 10, sy. 3 (Eylül 2017): 142-51.
EndNote Erdem E (01 Eylül 2017) Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 10 3 142–151.
IEEE E. Erdem, “Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers”, kvj, c. 10, sy. 3, ss. 142–151, 2017.
ISNAD Erdem, Evren. “Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 10/3 (Eylül 2017), 142-151.
JAMA Erdem E. Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers. kvj. 2017;10:142–151.
MLA Erdem, Evren. “Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 10, sy. 3, 2017, ss. 142-51.
Vancouver Erdem E. Effects of Breeder Age and Early Feed Energy Restriction on Development of Gastrointestinal Tract in Broilers. kvj. 2017;10(3):142-51.

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