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Akut Kanin Distemper Virüs Enfeksiyonlu Köpeklerde Hematolojik İndekslerin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 434 - 440
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1524672

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı akut Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) ile enfekte köpeklerde hematolojik indislerin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya 10 akut CDV enfeksiyonlu (n = 10) ve 10 sağlıklı köpek (n = 10) dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre akut CDV ile enfekte köpeklerde kontrol grubuna göre kıyasla istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede yüksek nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR) ve monosit lenfosit oranı (MLR) tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak CDV enfeksiyonunun akut döneminde farklı hematolojik yanıtların oluşabileceği ve NLR oranlarının akut dönemi izlemede iyi bir yangısal belirteç olarak rol oynayabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Becher, A., Suchodolski, J.S., Steiner, J.M., & Heilmann, R.M. (2021). Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 33, 516-527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638721992057
  • Beineke, A., Puff, C., Seehusen, F., & Baumgärtner, W. (2009). Pathogenesis and immunopathology of systemic and nervous canine distemper. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 127, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.023
  • Buonacera, A., Stancanelli, B., Colaci, M., & Malatino, L. (2022). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 3636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073636
  • Chaipan, C., Soilleux, E. J., Simpson, P., Hofmann, H., Gramberg, T., Marzi, A., Geier, M., Stewart, E.A., Eisemann,J., Steinkasserer, A., Suzuki-Inoue, K., Fuller, G.L., Pearce, A.C., Watson, S.P., Hoxie, J.A., Baribaud, F., & Pöhlmann, S. (2006). DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets. Journal of Virology, 80, 8951-8960. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00136-06
  • Conway, E. A., Pizarro Del Valle, C., Waugh, E. M., French, A., & Ridyard, A.E. (2021). Retrospective investigation of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in dogs with pneumonia: 49 cases (2011–2016). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 31, 490-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13067
  • Deem, S.L., Spelman, L.H., Yates, R.A., Montali, & R.J., (2000). Canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores: a review. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 31, 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0441:CDITCA]2.0.CO;2.
  • Despande, J.V., Naik-Nimbalkar, U., Dewan,I. (2018). Nonparametric Statistics: Theory and Methods. World Scientific Publishing
  • Dik, I., Hatipoglu, D., & Gulersoy, E. (2023). Comparison of some cytokines, acute phase proteins and citrulline levels in healthy and canine distemper infected dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 85, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.22-0281
  • Dourmashkin, L.H., Lyons, B., Hess, R.S., Walsh, K., & Silverstein, D.C. (2023). Evaluation of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios in critically ill dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 33, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13269
  • Durán-Galea, A., Cristóbal-Verdejo, J.I., Macías-García, B., Nicolás-Barceló, P., Barrera-Chacón, R., Ruiz-Tapia, P., Zaragoza-Bayle M.C., Duque-Carrasco, F.J. (2024). Determination of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in dogs with leptospirosis. Veterinary Research Communications, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10469-y
  • Goddard, A., Leisewitz, A.L., Christopher, M.M., Duncan, N.M., & Becker, P.J. (2008). Prognostic usefulness of blood leukocyte changes in canine parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 22, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0073.x
  • Goeijenbier, M., Van Wissen, M., Van De Weg, C., Jong, E., Gerdes, V.E.A., Meijers, J.C.M., Brandjes, D.P.M., & Van Gorp, E.C.M. (2012). Viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding. Journal of Medical Virology, 84, 1680-1696. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23354
  • Gülersoy, E., & Naseri, A. (2022). Hematological Status in Septic or Non Septic Dogs due to Parvoviral Enteritis. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1100794
  • Headley, S. A., & Graça, D. L. (2000). Canine distemper: epidemiological findings of 250 cases. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 37, 136-140. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-95962000000200009
  • Jesus, I.S., Cruz, A.V., Santos, C.M.P., Barra, E.C.M., Costa, J.C., Monteiro, T.R.M., Santos, C.C., Valente, K.F., Silva, B.W.L., Rodrigues, E.D.L., Almeida, J.C.F., Filho, E.S., Figueiredo, M.J.F.M., Sousa, S.K.S.A., Silva, S.P., Casseb, L.M.N., Negrão A.M.G., & Casseb, A.R. (2021). Molecular diagnosis and clinicopathological characteristics of canine distemper neurologic disease. Genetics and Molecular Research, 20, gmr18884. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr18884
  • Khan, S.A., Epstein, J.H., Olival, K.J., Hassan, M.M., Hossain, M.B., Rahman, K.B.M.A., Elahi, M.F., Mamun, M.A., Haider, N., Yasin, G., & Desmond, J. (2011). Hematology and serum chemistry reference values of stray dogs in Bangladesh. Open veterinary journal, 1, 13-20.
  • Langley, B.O., Guedry, S.E., Goldenberg, J.Z., Hanes, D.A., Beardsley, J.A., & Ryan, J.J. (2021). Inflammatory bowel disease and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: a systematic scoping review. Journal of clinical medicine, 10, 4219. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184219
  • Martella, V., Elia, G., & Buonavoglia, C. (2008). Canine distemper virus. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 38, 787-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.02.007
  • Martinez-Gutierrez, M., & Ruiz-Saenz, J. (2016). Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis. BMC Veterinary Research, 12, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0702-z
  • MSD Manual Veterinary Manual. (2024). Hematology (Complete Blood Count) Reference Ranges. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/hematology-complete-blood-count-reference-ranges[Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2024]
  • Nikitina, E., Larionova, I., Choinzonov, E., & Kzhyshkowska, J. (2018). Monocytes and macrophages as viral targets and reservoirs. International journal of molecular sciences, 19, 2821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092821
  • Paul, B.R., De, U.K., Sarkar, V.K., Gandhar, J.S., Patra, M.K., Agrawal, R.K., Singh, M.K., Soni, S., & Eregowda, C.G. (2023). Effect of systemic inflammatory response syndrome on thrombocytogram, acute phase proteins, electrolytes, acid-base indices and cytokine expression in naturally canine parvovirus infected dogs. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 259, 110598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110598
  • Pekmezci, D., Konaçoğlu, G.N., & Çolak, Z.N. (2022). A Preliminary Study for Determination of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte, Monocyte to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratios in Dogs with Canine Distemper Virus Infection. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7, 437-443. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1172262
  • Pierini, A., Gori, E., Lippi, I., Lubas, G., & Marchetti, V. (2020). Are leukocyte and platelet abnormalities and complete blood count ratios potential prognostic markers in canine sepsis?. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 578846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.578846
  • Schobesberger, M., Summerfield, A., Doherr, M.G., Zurbriggen, A., & Griot, C. (2005). Canine distemper virus-induced depletion of uninfected lymphocytes is associated with apoptosis. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 104, 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.032
  • Seki, F., Ono, N., Yamaguchi, R., & Yanagi, Y. (2003). Efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper virus in Vero cells expressing canine SLAM (CD150) and their adaptability to marmoset B95a cells. Journal of virology, 77, 9943-9950. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.18.9943-9950.2003
  • Tan, S., Zheng, Q., Zhang, W., Zhou, M., Xia, C., & Feng, W. (2024). Prognostic value of inflammatory markers NLR, PLR, and LMR in gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in Immunology, 15, 1408700. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408700
  • Thomas, D.C. (2014). G*Power 3.1 manual January 31, 2014 https://www.academia.edu/44456085/G_Power_3_1_manual. [Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2024]
  • Vakhshoori, M., Nemati, S., Sabouhi, S., Tavakol, G., Yavari, B., Shakarami, M., Bondariyan, N., Emami, S.A., & Shafie, D. (2023). Selection of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) or lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) as best prognostic tool in heart failure: a systematic review. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 5, 227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-023-01570-5
  • Zhou, J., Wei, S., Guo, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Hong, Y., Chen, X., Lu, M., Zheng, F., & Zheng, C. (2023). Correlation between preoperative peripheral blood NLR, PLR, LMR and prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC cancer, 23, 1247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11752-y

Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 434 - 440
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1524672

Öz

The objective of this study was to ascertain the hematological indices in canines that have been infected with the Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in an acute phase. The study included ten dogs with acute CDV infection (n = 10) and ten healthy dogs (n = 10). The results of the study demonstrated a statistically significant elevation in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in dogs acutely infected with CDV compared to the control group. In conclusion, different hematological responses can occur during the acute phase of CDV infection, and NLR ratios have the potential to be a good inflammatory marker for monitoring the acute phase.

Etik Beyan

This study was carried out at Atatürk University Animal Hospital. This research was approved by Atatürk University Local Ethics Committee (Decision Number: 2024/19)

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Kaynakça

  • Becher, A., Suchodolski, J.S., Steiner, J.M., & Heilmann, R.M. (2021). Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 33, 516-527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638721992057
  • Beineke, A., Puff, C., Seehusen, F., & Baumgärtner, W. (2009). Pathogenesis and immunopathology of systemic and nervous canine distemper. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 127, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.023
  • Buonacera, A., Stancanelli, B., Colaci, M., & Malatino, L. (2022). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 3636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073636
  • Chaipan, C., Soilleux, E. J., Simpson, P., Hofmann, H., Gramberg, T., Marzi, A., Geier, M., Stewart, E.A., Eisemann,J., Steinkasserer, A., Suzuki-Inoue, K., Fuller, G.L., Pearce, A.C., Watson, S.P., Hoxie, J.A., Baribaud, F., & Pöhlmann, S. (2006). DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets. Journal of Virology, 80, 8951-8960. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00136-06
  • Conway, E. A., Pizarro Del Valle, C., Waugh, E. M., French, A., & Ridyard, A.E. (2021). Retrospective investigation of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in dogs with pneumonia: 49 cases (2011–2016). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 31, 490-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13067
  • Deem, S.L., Spelman, L.H., Yates, R.A., Montali, & R.J., (2000). Canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores: a review. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 31, 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0441:CDITCA]2.0.CO;2.
  • Despande, J.V., Naik-Nimbalkar, U., Dewan,I. (2018). Nonparametric Statistics: Theory and Methods. World Scientific Publishing
  • Dik, I., Hatipoglu, D., & Gulersoy, E. (2023). Comparison of some cytokines, acute phase proteins and citrulline levels in healthy and canine distemper infected dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 85, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.22-0281
  • Dourmashkin, L.H., Lyons, B., Hess, R.S., Walsh, K., & Silverstein, D.C. (2023). Evaluation of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios in critically ill dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 33, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13269
  • Durán-Galea, A., Cristóbal-Verdejo, J.I., Macías-García, B., Nicolás-Barceló, P., Barrera-Chacón, R., Ruiz-Tapia, P., Zaragoza-Bayle M.C., Duque-Carrasco, F.J. (2024). Determination of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in dogs with leptospirosis. Veterinary Research Communications, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10469-y
  • Goddard, A., Leisewitz, A.L., Christopher, M.M., Duncan, N.M., & Becker, P.J. (2008). Prognostic usefulness of blood leukocyte changes in canine parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 22, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0073.x
  • Goeijenbier, M., Van Wissen, M., Van De Weg, C., Jong, E., Gerdes, V.E.A., Meijers, J.C.M., Brandjes, D.P.M., & Van Gorp, E.C.M. (2012). Viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding. Journal of Medical Virology, 84, 1680-1696. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23354
  • Gülersoy, E., & Naseri, A. (2022). Hematological Status in Septic or Non Septic Dogs due to Parvoviral Enteritis. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1100794
  • Headley, S. A., & Graça, D. L. (2000). Canine distemper: epidemiological findings of 250 cases. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 37, 136-140. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-95962000000200009
  • Jesus, I.S., Cruz, A.V., Santos, C.M.P., Barra, E.C.M., Costa, J.C., Monteiro, T.R.M., Santos, C.C., Valente, K.F., Silva, B.W.L., Rodrigues, E.D.L., Almeida, J.C.F., Filho, E.S., Figueiredo, M.J.F.M., Sousa, S.K.S.A., Silva, S.P., Casseb, L.M.N., Negrão A.M.G., & Casseb, A.R. (2021). Molecular diagnosis and clinicopathological characteristics of canine distemper neurologic disease. Genetics and Molecular Research, 20, gmr18884. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr18884
  • Khan, S.A., Epstein, J.H., Olival, K.J., Hassan, M.M., Hossain, M.B., Rahman, K.B.M.A., Elahi, M.F., Mamun, M.A., Haider, N., Yasin, G., & Desmond, J. (2011). Hematology and serum chemistry reference values of stray dogs in Bangladesh. Open veterinary journal, 1, 13-20.
  • Langley, B.O., Guedry, S.E., Goldenberg, J.Z., Hanes, D.A., Beardsley, J.A., & Ryan, J.J. (2021). Inflammatory bowel disease and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: a systematic scoping review. Journal of clinical medicine, 10, 4219. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184219
  • Martella, V., Elia, G., & Buonavoglia, C. (2008). Canine distemper virus. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 38, 787-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.02.007
  • Martinez-Gutierrez, M., & Ruiz-Saenz, J. (2016). Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis. BMC Veterinary Research, 12, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0702-z
  • MSD Manual Veterinary Manual. (2024). Hematology (Complete Blood Count) Reference Ranges. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/hematology-complete-blood-count-reference-ranges[Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2024]
  • Nikitina, E., Larionova, I., Choinzonov, E., & Kzhyshkowska, J. (2018). Monocytes and macrophages as viral targets and reservoirs. International journal of molecular sciences, 19, 2821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092821
  • Paul, B.R., De, U.K., Sarkar, V.K., Gandhar, J.S., Patra, M.K., Agrawal, R.K., Singh, M.K., Soni, S., & Eregowda, C.G. (2023). Effect of systemic inflammatory response syndrome on thrombocytogram, acute phase proteins, electrolytes, acid-base indices and cytokine expression in naturally canine parvovirus infected dogs. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 259, 110598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110598
  • Pekmezci, D., Konaçoğlu, G.N., & Çolak, Z.N. (2022). A Preliminary Study for Determination of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte, Monocyte to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratios in Dogs with Canine Distemper Virus Infection. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7, 437-443. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1172262
  • Pierini, A., Gori, E., Lippi, I., Lubas, G., & Marchetti, V. (2020). Are leukocyte and platelet abnormalities and complete blood count ratios potential prognostic markers in canine sepsis?. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 578846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.578846
  • Schobesberger, M., Summerfield, A., Doherr, M.G., Zurbriggen, A., & Griot, C. (2005). Canine distemper virus-induced depletion of uninfected lymphocytes is associated with apoptosis. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 104, 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.032
  • Seki, F., Ono, N., Yamaguchi, R., & Yanagi, Y. (2003). Efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper virus in Vero cells expressing canine SLAM (CD150) and their adaptability to marmoset B95a cells. Journal of virology, 77, 9943-9950. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.18.9943-9950.2003
  • Tan, S., Zheng, Q., Zhang, W., Zhou, M., Xia, C., & Feng, W. (2024). Prognostic value of inflammatory markers NLR, PLR, and LMR in gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in Immunology, 15, 1408700. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408700
  • Thomas, D.C. (2014). G*Power 3.1 manual January 31, 2014 https://www.academia.edu/44456085/G_Power_3_1_manual. [Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2024]
  • Vakhshoori, M., Nemati, S., Sabouhi, S., Tavakol, G., Yavari, B., Shakarami, M., Bondariyan, N., Emami, S.A., & Shafie, D. (2023). Selection of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) or lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) as best prognostic tool in heart failure: a systematic review. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 5, 227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-023-01570-5
  • Zhou, J., Wei, S., Guo, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Hong, Y., Chen, X., Lu, M., Zheng, F., & Zheng, C. (2023). Correlation between preoperative peripheral blood NLR, PLR, LMR and prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC cancer, 23, 1247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11752-y
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner İmmünoloji
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Kerim Emre Yanar 0000-0001-7302-7077

Şükrü Değirmençay 0000-0002-3920-6343

Muhammed Kadak 0000-0003-2043-1652

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 12 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yanar, K. E., Değirmençay, Ş., & Kadak, M. (2024). Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 17(4), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1524672
AMA Yanar KE, Değirmençay Ş, Kadak M. Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection. kvj. Aralık 2024;17(4):434-440. doi:10.30607/kvj.1524672
Chicago Yanar, Kerim Emre, Şükrü Değirmençay, ve Muhammed Kadak. “Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs With Acute CDV Infection”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17, sy. 4 (Aralık 2024): 434-40. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1524672.
EndNote Yanar KE, Değirmençay Ş, Kadak M (01 Aralık 2024) Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17 4 434–440.
IEEE K. E. Yanar, Ş. Değirmençay, ve M. Kadak, “Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection”, kvj, c. 17, sy. 4, ss. 434–440, 2024, doi: 10.30607/kvj.1524672.
ISNAD Yanar, Kerim Emre vd. “Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs With Acute CDV Infection”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17/4 (Aralık 2024), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1524672.
JAMA Yanar KE, Değirmençay Ş, Kadak M. Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection. kvj. 2024;17:434–440.
MLA Yanar, Kerim Emre vd. “Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs With Acute CDV Infection”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, c. 17, sy. 4, 2024, ss. 434-40, doi:10.30607/kvj.1524672.
Vancouver Yanar KE, Değirmençay Ş, Kadak M. Determination of Hematological Indices in Dogs with Acute CDV Infection. kvj. 2024;17(4):434-40.

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