“Dijital Mahremiyetin Dönüşümü: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’nin Düzenleyici Çerçeveleri ile Güncel Gelişmelere Çocuk Hakları Perspektifinden Bir Bakış”

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 108 - 159, 29.12.2025

Ümit Yanik

Öz

Bu çalışma, dijital mahremiyetin bireyin özel alanını korumakla sınırlı bir kavram olmaktan çıkarak, hukuki, kültürel ve teknolojik gelişmeler tarafından şekillenen çok katmanlı, ilişkisel ve dinamik bir hakka dönüşümünü incelemektedir. Çocukların özel kırılganlıklarına odaklanan çalışma; aile dinamikleri, platform yönetişimi, yapay zekâ destekli gözetim sistemleri ve gelişen düzenleyici çerçeveler arasındaki etkileşimi, Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği standartlarının karşılaştırmalı bir analiziyle ele almaktadır. OECD, Avrupa Komisyonu, UNICEF, INHOPE, Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu (KVKK) ve Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK) tarafından 2024–2025 yıllarında yayımlanan son politika belgeleri ve raporlara dayanarak yapılan çalışma, devam eden düzenleyici boşlukları tespit etmektedir. Çalışma, “çocuğun yüksek yararı” ilkesine dayalı bir yönetişim modelinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Bulgular, çocukların dijital mahremiyetinin korunmasının; hukuki güvenceleri, etik ilkeleri, kültürel farkındalığı, hak temelli dijital okuryazarlığı ve karar alma süreçlerine anlamlı çocuk katılımını bir araya getiren bütüncül bir yaklaşım gerektirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma ayrıca Türkiye’de dijital mahremiyetin büyük ölçüde geleneksel normlarla şekillendiğini ve çocukların dijital özerkliğinin yeterince tanınmadığını vurgulamaktadır. Mevcut politikaların, algoritmik profilleme, aşırı ebeveyn gözetimi ve güçlü rıza mekanizmalarının eksikliği gibi yeni ortaya çıkan riskleri ele alacak şekilde uyarlanması gerekmektedir.

Öneriler arasında; yaşa, gelişim düzeyine ve kültürel bağlama göre uyarlanmış çocuklara özgü mahremiyet politikalarının geliştirilmesi; erken çocukluktan itibaren dijital haklar eğitiminin resmi müfredata entegre edilmesi; etik temelli ebeveyn rehberliğinin teşvik edilmesi; platform hesap verebilirliği ve algoritmik şeffaflığın güçlendirilmesi; ayrıca çocukların seslerinin politika oluşturma süreçlerine kurumsal biçimde dâhil edilmesi yer almaktadır. Türkiye’nin dijital mahremiyet politikalarının Avrupa Birliği düzenlemeleri ve evrensel çocuk hakları standartlarıyla uyumlu hale getirilmesi, çocukların dijital ortamda hem özerkliklerinin hem de güvenliklerinin sağlanması açısından temel bir gereklilik olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dijital mahremiyet , dijital güvenlik , ebeveyn gözetimi , sosyal mdeya , veri koruma , AB düzenlemeleri

The Transformation of Digital Privacy: A Child Rights Perspective on EU and Türkiye’s Regulatory Frameworks and Recent Developments

Öz

This study explores the transformation of digital privacy from a concept limited to protecting the individual’s private space into a multi-layered, relational, and dynamic right, shaped by legal, cultural, and technological developments. Focusing on the specific vulnerabilities of children, it examines the interplay between family dynamics, platform governance, AI-driven surveillance systems, and evolving regulatory frameworks, with a comparative analysis of Türkiye and European Union standards. Drawing on recent policy documents and reports from the OECD, European Commission, UNICEF, INHOPE, PDPA, and ICTA (2024–2025), the study identifies persistent regulatory gaps. It emphasizes the need for a governance model grounded in the “best interests of the child” principle. The findings highlight that protecting children’s digital privacy requires a holistic approach, combining legal safeguards, ethical principles, cultural awareness, rights-based digital literacy, and meaningful child participation in decision-making processes. The research further underscores that in Türkiye, digital privacy remains largely shaped by traditional norms, with insufficient recognition of children’s digital agency. Current policies must adapt to address emerging risks such as algorithmic profiling, intrusive parental monitoring, and the absence of robust consent mechanisms. Recommendations include the development of child-specific privacy policies tailored to age, developmental stage, and cultural context; the integration of digital rights education into formal curricula from early childhood; ethically grounded parental guidance; strengthened platform accountability and algorithmic transparency; and institutionalized channels for children’s voices in policymaking. Aligning Türkiye’s digital privacy policies with EU regulations and universal child rights standards is considered essential to ensuring both the agency and safety of children in the digital environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

digital privacy , digital safety , parental monitoring , social media , data protection , EU regulations

Teşekkür

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) of Türkiye for its invaluable role in my professional and academic development. The diverse experience I have gained across its various departments has provided critical insights that have profoundly informed and enriched the analytical perspective of this study.

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