Mahremiyet korumalı biyometrik kimlik doğrulama yöntemleri üzerine inceleme

Öz

Akıllı servislerin ve teknolojilerin katlanarak büyümesiyle birlikte, kimlik doğrulama önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Biyometrik kimlik doğrulama yöntemleri, klasik kimlik doğrulama yöntemlerine kıyasla sağladıkları çeşitli avantajlar nedeniyle günümüzde oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Biyometrik kimlik doğrulama yöntemleri kullanıcıların sahip olduğu benzersiz biyometrik bilgiler ile kimlik doğrulama yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu durum mahremiyet problemlerine yol açabilir. Kullanıcıların mahremiyeti, biyometrik kimliğin doğrulamasının her aşamasında korunmalıdır. Bu araştırma makalesi, biyometrik sistemlerdeki mahremiyet tehditlerini, bunun sağlanması aşamasındaki zorlukları ve mahremiyetin korunmasına yönelik kimlik doğrulama yöntemleri ile mevcut hukuki düzenlemeleri içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mahremiyet-korumalı biyometrik kimlik doğrulama,Kişisel veri koruma,Biyometrik veri mahremiyet riskleri

A review on privacy preserving biometric authentication methods

Öz

By the exponential growth of smart services and technologies, the authentication issue has become more challenging. Recently, biometrics authentication methods have become quite popular due to the range of advantages they provide compared to classic authentication systems. Biometrics authentication methods have the ability to authenticate users, nevertheless that feature comes with its privacy risks. Users’ privacy should be protected in every step of biometrics authentication. This article briefly presents privacy threats and challenges in biometrics systems and identifies some existing privacy-preserving authentication methods and regulations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Privacy-preserving biometric authentication,Personal data protection,Biometric data privacy risks

Kaynakça

1. Abidin, A., Mitrokotsa, A. (2014). A Privacy-Preserving Biometric Authentication Protocol Revisited, In Proceedings of YACC, Porquerolles island, France.
2. Belguechi, R., Alimi, V., Cherrier, E., Lacharme, P., Rosenberger, C. (2011). An overview on privacy preserving biometrics. Recent Application in Biometrics,65-84.
3. Bhattasali, T., Saeed, K., Chaki, N., & Chaki, R. (2014). A Survey of Security and Privacy Issues for Biometrics Based Remote Authentication in Cloud. Computer Information Systems And Industrial Management, 112-121. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-45237-0_12
4. Cappelli, R., Maio, D., Lumini, A., & Maltoni, D. (2007). Fingerprint Image Reconstruction from Standard Templates. IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, 29(9), 1489-1503. doi: 10.1109/tpami.2007.1087
5. Fierrez, J., & Galbally, J. (2015). Indirect Attacks on Biometric Systems. Presentation, Biometric Recognition Group -ATVS, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Spain
6. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).(2018) Retrieved from https://gdpr-info.eu/
7. Ghammam, L., Barbier, M., & Rosenberger, C. (2018). Enhancing the Security of Transformation Based Biometric Template Protection Schemes. 2018 International Conference On Cyberworlds (CW),316-323.
8. Goh, A., & Ngo, D. (2003). Computation of Cryptographic Keys from Face Biometrics. Communications And Multimedia Security. Advanced Techniques For Network And Data Protection, 1-13.

9. Internatiomal Biometrics+Identity Association.(n.d.).Behavioral Biometrics. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.ibia.org/download/datasets/3839/Behavioral%20Biometrics%20white%20paper.pdf
10. Jain, A., Ross, A., & Prabhakar, S. (2004). An Introduction to Biometric Recognition. IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems For Video Technology, 14(1), 4-20. doi: 10.1109/tcsvt.2003.818349
11. Jain, A., Nandakumar, K., & Nagar, A. Biometric Template Security. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Biometric-Template-Security-Jain Nandakumar/29f0414c5d566716a229 ab4c5794eaf9304d78b6/figure/9
12. Jin, A., Ling, D., & Goh, A. (2004). Biohashing: two factor authentication featuring fingerprint data and tokenised random number. Pattern Recognition, 37(11), 2245-2255. doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2004.04.011
13. Kindt, E. (2014). Privacy and data protection issues of biometric applications. Dordrecht: Springer.
14. Nandakumar, K., Jain, A., & Pankanti, S. (2007). Fingerprint-Based Fuzzy Vault: Implementation and Performance. IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics And Security, 2(4), 744-757. doi: 10.1109/tifs.2007.908165
15. Ozkaya, N., & Sagiroglu, S. (2010). Generating One Biometric Feature from Another: Faces from Fingerprints. Sensors, 10(5), 4206-4237. doi: 10.3390/s100504206
16. Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu.(n.d.).Özel Nitelikli Kişisel Verilerin İşlenme Şartları. Retrieved from https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/5238/Ozel-Nitelikli-Kisisel-Verilerin-Islenme-Sartlari
17. Pagnin, E.,&Mitrokotsa,A.(2017). Privacy-Preserving Biometric Authentication: Challenges and Directions. Security And Communication Networks, 2017, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2017/7129505
18. Takahashi, K., & Hirata, S. (2011). Cancelable Biometrics with Provable Security and Its Application to Fingerprint Verification. IEICE Transactions On Fundamentals Of Electronics, Communications And Computer Sciences, E94-A(1), 233-244. doi: 10.1587/transfun.e94.a.233
19. Thanki, R., Dwivedi, V., & Borisagar, K. (2018). Issues in Biometric System and Proposed Research Methodology. Multibiometric Watermarking With Compressive Sensing Theory, 47-63. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-73183-4_3
20. Uludag, U., & Jain, A. (2004). Attacks on biometric systems: a case study in fingerprints. Security, Steganography, And Watermarking Of Multimedia Contents VI. doi: 10.1117/12.530907
21. Vojkovic, G., & Milenkovic, M. (2018). GDPR in access control and time and attendance systems using biometric data. 2018 41St International Convention On Information And Communication Technology, Electronics And Microelectronics (MIPRO). doi: 10.23919/mipro.2018.8400207
22. Yampolskiy, R., & Govindaraju, V. (2009).Taxonomy of Behavioural Biometrics. Behavioral Biometrics For Human Identification, 1-43. doi: 10.4018/978-1-60566-725-6.ch001
23. Zhang, Y., Qin, J., & Du, L. (2015). A secure biometric authentication based on PEKS. Concurrency And Computation: Practice And Experience, 28(4), 1111-1123. doi: 10.1002/cpe.3539