Mısır Silajına Katılan Farklı Düzeylerdeki İnulinin Gaz Üretimi ve Sindirilebilir Organik Madde Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2, 51 - 56, 13.12.2019

Buğra Genç , Mustafa Salman Nurcan Çetinkaya Zehra Selçuk Mustafa Açıcı

Öz

Bu araştırmada, mısır silajına farklı düzeylerde ilave edilen inulinin rumen fermantasyonu üzerine olan etkileri in vitro gaz üretim yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. İn vitro gaz üretim sistemi için çalışma dizaynı; kontrol grubu %0 ve deneme grupları %0.4 ve %0.8 düzeyinde inulin farklı modül şişelerine ilave edilecek şekilde oluşturulmuştur. Gruplar dörder tekrarlı olacak şekilde planlanmıştır. Meydana gelen gaz miktarı inkübasyonun 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72. ve 96. saatlerinde kaydedilmiştir. İnulinin mısır silajına %0.4 ve %0.8 oranlarında katılması ile inkübasyon sonunda gruplar arasında kümülatif gaz üretimi, sindirilebilir organik madde düzeyi (%SOM) ve metabolize olabilir enerji değerleri (MEGÜ) istatistiki anlamda farklılık (P<0.05) göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucu olarak; mısır silajına değişen oranlarda inulin katkısının gaz üretimi, %SOM ve MEGÜ değerleri üzerine önemli bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiş, ancak inulinin bu etkilerinin in vivo etkilerinin de araştırılması gerektiği kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İn vitro gaz üretimi, inulin, , mısır silajı

Kaynakça

• 1. AOAC (2006): Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, VA.
• 2. Beuvink JMW, Spoelstra SF, Hogendorp RJ (1992): An automated method for measuring time-course of gas production of feedstuff incubated with buffered rumen fluid. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 40: 401- 407 . 3. Blummel M, Ørskov ER (1993): Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting of food intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 40: 109-119, 4. Cavicchioli R (2011): Archaea - timeline of the third domain. Nature Rev Microbiol 9: 51–61.
• 5. Czerkawski JW (1969): Methane production in ruminants and its significance. World Rev Nutr Diet 11: 240–282
• 6. Czerkawski JW, Breckenridge G (1977): Design and development of long-term rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Br J Nutr, 38: 271–384.
• 7. Denek N, Deniz S (2004): Ruminant Beslemede Yaygın Olarak Kullanılan Kimi Kaba Yemlerin Sindirilebilirlik ve Metabolik Enerji Düzeylerinin in vitro Metotlarla Belirlenmesi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 28: 115-122.
• 8. Ergün A (2014): Yem katkı maddeleri. In: Yemler Yem Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi (Düzeltilmiş 2. baskı). Ed. Tuncer ŞD, Çolpan İ, Yalçın S, Yıldız G, Küçükersan K, Küçükersan S, Sehu A. Pozitif Matbaacılık. Ankara
• 9. Flickinger EA, Van Loo J, Fahey GC (2003): Nutritional responses to the presence of inulin and oligofructose in the diets of domesticated animals: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 43 (1): 19-60, 2
• 10. Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970): Forage Fiber Analysis (apparatus, reagents, prosedures and some applications). USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 379.
• 11. Karppınen S, Lıukkonen K, Aura AM, Forssell P, Poutanen K (2000): In vitro fermentation of polysaccharides of rye, wheat and oat brans and inulin by human faecal bacteria. J. Sci. Food Agric., 80: 1469-1476
• 12. Khan KM, Edwards CA (2005): In vitro fermentation characteristics of a mixture of raftilose and guar gum by human faecal bacteria. Eur J Nutr 44:371-376.
• 13. Khazaal K, Markantonatos X, Nastis A, Orskov ER (1993): Changes with maturity in fibre composition and levels of extractable polyphenols in Greek browse: effect on vitro gas production and in sacco dry matter degradation. Journal of the science of Food and Agriculture, 63: 237-244,
• 14. Krishnamoorthy U, Soller H, Steingass H, Menke KH (1991): A comparative study on rumen fermentation of energy supplements in vitro. J Anim Physol and Anim Nutr. 65 (1): 28-35
• 15. Lanzas C, Fox DG, Pell AN (2007): Digestion kinetics of dried cereal grains. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 136: 265-280.
• 16. Lee MRF, Merry RJ, Davıes DR, Moorby JM, Humphreys MO, Theodorou MK, Macrae JC, Scollan ND (2003): Effect of increasing availability of water-soluble carbohydrates on in vitro rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 104: 59-70.
• 17. Macfarlane S, Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH (2006): Review article: Prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. Alim Pharmacol Ther, 24 (5): 701-714.
• 18. Makkar HPS, Blummel M, Becker K (1995): Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in vitro techniques. Brit. J. Nutr., 73: 897-913.
• 19. Menke, KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W (1979): The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. Journal of Agricultural Science 93: 217–222.
• 20. Menke KH, Steingass H (1988): Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Devel. Separate Print, 28: 7-55.
• 21. Moss AR, Jouany JP, Newbold J (2000): Methane production by ruminants: Its contribution to global warming. Ann Zootech 49: 231–253.
• 22. O’Mara F (2004): Greenhouse gas production from dairying: reducing methane production. Advances in Dairy Technology 16:295- 309.
• 23. Öztürk H (2008): Effects of inulin on rumen metabolism in vitro. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 55: 79-82.
• 24. Rycroft CE, Jones MR, Gıbson GR, Rastall RA (2019): A comparative in vitro evaluation of the fermentation properties of prebiotic oligosaccharides. J. Appl. Microbiol., 9: 878-887.
• 25. Salman M, Cetinkaya N, Selcuk Z, Genc B, Acici M (2017): Effects of various inulin levels on in vitro digestibility of corn silage, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and common vetch (Victia sativa L.)/oat (Avena sativa L.) hay. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 47:5.
• 26. Samanta AK, Senani S, Kolte AP, Sridhar Manpal Bhatta R, Jayapal Natasha (2012): Effect of prebiotic on digestibility of total mixed ration. Indian Vet J 89:41-42.
• 27. Samanta AK, Jayapal N, Senani S, Kolte AP, Sridhar M (2013): Prebiotic inulin: Useful dietary adjuncts to manipulate the livestock gut microflora. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 44 (1): 1-14.
• 28. Santoso B, Kume S, Nonaka K, Gamo Y, Kimura K, Takashi J (2003): Influence of beta galactooligosaccharide supplementation on nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation, and microbial nitrogen supply in dairy cows fed silage. Asia Austr J Anim Sci 26:1137- 1142
• 29. SAS Statistical Software (2007): SAS Compusdrive, Carry, NC 27513, USA.
• 30. Snelling TJ, Genç B, McKain N, Watson M, Waters SM, Creevey CJ, Wallace RJ (2014): Diversity and Community Composition of Methanogenic Archaea in the Rumen of Scottish Upland Sheep Assessed by Different Methods. PLoS ONE 9(9): e106491. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106491
• 31. Timm DA, Stewart ML, Hospattankar A, Slavin JL (2010): Wheat dextrin, psyllium and inulin produce distinct fermentation patterns, gas volumes and short-chain fatty acids profiles in vitro. J Med Food 13 (4): 961-966.
• 32. Umucalılar HD, Gülşen N, Hayırlı A, Alataş MS (2010): Potential role of inulin in rumen fermentation, Revue Méd. Vét, 161: 3-9.
• 33. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991): Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583.
• 34. Waterhouse AL, Chatterton NJ (1993): Glossary of fructan terms. In: Suzuki M, Chatterton NJ (Eds): Science and Tecnology of Fructans. pp. 2-7. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• 35. Weimer PJ (1998): Manipulating ruminal fermentation: a microbial ecological perspective. J. Anim. Sci., 76: 3114-3122.
• 36.Wilson B, Whelan K (2017): Prebiotic inulin-type fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides:definition, specificity, functi on, and application ingastrointestinal disorders. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 32 (1): 64–68
• 37. Wolin MJ (1960): A theoretical rumen fermentation balance. J. Dairy Sci., 43: 1452- 1459.