Christian Democracy: All Paths to Rome (?)

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 118, 17 - 44, 18.06.2025

Görkem Birinci

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1586968

Öz

Christian democracy, which has left its mark not only on politics but also on Western Europe’s social and economic life since the second half of the twentieth century, is the most typical example of the publicization of an essentially religiously motivated movement. As a matter of fact, it is not possible to consider the conditions that brought Christian democracy into existence independently of Catholicism. The birth and development of this political movement have followed a parallel course to the great upheavals, conflicts and compromises in Western European history since the French Revolution, with the Catholic Church at its center. Tracing this movement’s transformation, which emerged from the tensions between tradition and modernity and was initially characterized by deeply anti-modern elements, in line with contemporary principles and institutions, has become even more important in our so-called post-secular age. In this study, the emergence of (Catholic) parties in the late nineteenth century, their appearance between the two world wars, and the
contemporary form they took under the name of Christian democracy immediately after the Second World War are discussed in relation to political Catholicism and the Catholic Church.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Christian Democracy , Catholic Church , Political Catholicism , European Politics , Religion and Politics

Hıristiyan Demokrasi: Bütün Yollar Roma’ya (mı?)

Öz

Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Batı Avrupa’nın yalnızca siyasetine değil, sosyal ve ekonomik yaşamına damgasını vuran Hristiyan demokrasi, özünde dinsel motivasyonlu bir siyasal hareketin kamusallaşmasının en tipik örneğidir. Nitekim Hristiyan demokrasiyi var eden koşulları Katolisizmden bağımsız ele alabilmek mümkün değildir. Bu siyasal hareketin doğuşu ve gelişimi Batı Avrupa tarihinde Fransız Devrimi’nden itibaren yaşanan ve Katolik Kilisesi’nin merkezinde yer aldığı büyük çalkantılar, çatışma ve uzlaşmalara paralel bir seyir izlemiştir. Gelenek ile modernite arasındaki gerilimlerden doğan ve başlangıçta son derece anti-modern unsurlarla bezeli olan bu hareketin çağdaş ilke ve kurumlara uyum istikametinde geçirdiği dönüşümün izlerini sürmek, post-seküler olarak adlandırılan çağımızda daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışma da günümüzün Hristiyan demokrat partilerine kaynaklık eden (Katolik) partilerin on dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarında ortaya çıkışı ve iki dünya savaşı arasındaki görünümleri ile İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen ardından Hristiyan demokrasi adı altında aldığı çağdaş biçim, siyasal Katolisizm ve Katolik Kilisesi’yle ilgisinde ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hıristiyan demokrasi , Katolik Kilisesi , siyasal Katolisizm , Avrupa siyaseti , din ve siyaset.

Kaynakça

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