Özgür Birey mi Etkin Vatandaş mı? Liberal ve Cumhuriyetçi Vatandaşlık Teorilerini Yeniden Düşünmek

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 120, 207 - 234, 25.12.2025

Kutay Üstün

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1697513

Öz

Makale, liberal ve cumhuriyetçi vatandaşlık kuramlarını hukuki statü, siyasal katılım ve toplumsal aidiyet boyutlarında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Çalışmanın özgün katkısı, bu iki yaklaşımın sınırlarını aşmak üzere İç İçe Geçmiş Vatandaşlık Pratikleri adı verilen yeni bir kavramsal çerçeve önermesidir. Kuramsal inceleme, Rawls, Dworkin ve Kymlicka’nın hak merkezli liberal yaklaşımını; Pettit, Honohan ve Skinner’ın katılım odaklı cumhuriyetçi yorumlarını; Benhabib, Habermas, Mouffe, Tully, Isin ve Bauböck’ün çağdaş açılımlarını kapsamaktadır. Yapılan karşılaştırmalı değerlendirme, liberal ve cumhuriyetçi gelenekler arasında katı bir karşıtlık bulunmadığını, aksine birbirini tamamlayan normatif boyutlar sunduklarını göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, makalenin kavramsal önerisi olan İç İçe Geçmiş Vatandaşlık Pratikleri çerçevesinin gerekçesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçeve, müzakereci vatandaşlığın diyalog ve gerekçelendirme boyutunu, çok katmanlı vatandaşlık anlayışının eşzamanlı aidiyet boyutuyla birleştirmektedir. Böylece vatandaşlık, bireysel hakların hukukî güvencelerle, kollektif katılımın demokratik pratiklerle ve kültürel farklılıkların çoğulcu temsillerle kesiştiği dinamik bir süreç olarak kavranmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca, dijitalleşen kamusal alanlar ve göç hareketliliği gibi güncel olgularla ilişkilendirilerek kavramsal çerçevenin çağdaş tartışmalara açılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberal vatandaşlık , Cumhuriyetçi vatandaşlık , İç İçe Geçmiş Vatandaşlık Pratikleri , Müzakereci vatandaşlık , Çokkatmanlı vatandaşlık

Free Individual or Active Citizen? Reconsidering Liberal and Republican Theories of Citizenship

Öz

This article offers a comparative analysis of liberal and republican theories of citizenship through the dimensions of legal status, political participation, and social belonging. Its principal contribution is the proposal of a novel conceptual framework termed Interwoven Citizenship Practices, designed to transcend the conventional binary framing of these traditions. The theoretical framework engages the rights-based liberalism of Rawls, Dworkin, and Kymlicka; the participation-focused republicanism of Pettit, Honohan, and Skinner; and contemporary extensions by Benhabib, Habermas, Mouffe, Tully, Isin, and Bauböck. The analysis demonstrates that these traditions are not diametrically opposed but offer complementary normative dimensions. This finding provides the foundation for the article’s central thesis: Citizenship is not a choice between the “free individual” and the “active citizen”, but a dynamic process integrating both paradigms. The proposed framework synthesizes the dialogical and justificatory emphasis of deliberative citizenship with the simultaneous belonging inherent in multilevel citizenship. Consequently, citizenship is reconceptualized as an ongoing process where individual rights are secured through legal guarantees, collective will-formation is realized via democratic participation, and cultural differences are negotiated through the politics of recognition and pluralistic engagement. The article further illustrates the framework’s relevance by applying it to contemporary challenges such as digital public spheres and migration-driven diversity, thereby positioning it within current debates on the future of democratic citizenship.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberal citizenship , Republican citizenship , Interwoven Citizenship Practices , Deliberative Citizenship , Multilevel citizenship

Kaynakça

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