AI-Supported Crime Prediction Systems: Practical Challenges and Legal Aspects

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 120, 81 - 102, 25.12.2025

Niyazi Umut Akıncıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1749671

Öz

This article offers a multidimensional analysis of the operational mechanisms, practical performance, and legal as well as ethical implications of artificial intelligence-based crime prediction systems. These systems, developed along the axes of location-based and person-based models, promise a proactive transformation in security strategies by forecasting criminal activity. However, risks such as algorithmic bias, the opacity of “black box” systems, and violations of fundamental rights raise critical questions regarding their compatibility with the principles of the rule of law. The article presents a comparative assessment of implementations in the United States, the European Union, and Turkey, revealing distinct normative and institutional approaches. Particular attention is given to the contrast between the EU’s preventative and regulatory model and the US’s reactive, judiciary-driven framework. It is further emphasized that Turkey currently lacks a comprehensive legal framework in this area and urgently needs specific regulatory arrangements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence , Security , Crime Prediction Systems , Legal Oversight

Yapay Zekâ Destekli Suç Tahmin Sistemleri: Uygulamadaki Sorunlar ve Hukuki Boyut

Öz

Bu makale, yapay zekâ destekli suç tahmin sistemlerinin işleyişini, uygulamadaki performansını ve doğurduğu hukuki ve etik sorunları çok boyutlu biçimde incelemektedir. Yer ve kişiye dayalı modeller ekseninde geliştirilen bu sistemler, suçu önceden tahmin ederek güvenlik stratejilerinde proaktif bir dönüşüm vadetmektedir. Ancak algoritmik önyargılar, “kara kutu” sistemlerin şeffaflık sorunları ve temel hak ihlalleri gibi riskler, bu teknolojilerin hukuk devleti ilkeleriyle uyumunu tartışmalı kılmaktadır. ABD, AB ve Türkiye’deki uygulamalar karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilerek, her biri için farklı normatif ve kurumsal yaklaşımlar ortaya konulmuştur. Özellikle Avrupa Birliği’nin önleyici ve kuralcı modeli ile ABD’nin reaktif ve yargı temelli yaklaşımı arasındaki farklara dikkat çekilmiştir. Türkiye’nin ise hâlen yasal çerçeve eksikliği içinde bulunduğu ve bu alanda kapsamlı bir düzenleme ihtiyacı olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zekâ , Güvenlik , Suç Tahmin Sistemleri , Hukuki Denetim

Kaynakça

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