Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Filistin Direnişinin İslami Kanadı HAMAS: Kökenleri, Karakteri ve Siyaseti

Yıl 2020, , 147 - 165, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.686585

Öz

Hamas Arap coğrafyasının neredeyse her köşesine yayılmış İhvan’ın tarihsel ve ideolojik mirasını Filistin halkının kendine has geliştirdiği yaşam karakteristiğiyle harmanlamış bir örgüttür. Bu miras ve karakteristik üzerine Hamas, kurulduğu tarih olan 1987’den itibaren Filistin direnişinin bir sorumluluk olduğu ve işgal altındaki toprakların terk edilemeyeceği ülküsünden hareketle İsrail devletine karşı en ön saflarda mücadele etmektedir. Hatta zaman içerisinde Filistin meselesinde belirleyici başat aktörlerden birisi haline gelmiştir. Hal böyleyken, Filistin meselesinin Ortadoğu bölgesinin temel meselelerinden hatta belki de en temel meselesi olması hasebiyle Hamas Ortadoğu’da önem arz eden devlet dışı aktörlerden birisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, eldeki bu çalışma Hamas’ı anlamanın öncül koşulu olan örgütün İhvan geçmişini irdelemektedir. Ardından İsrail işgalinin getirdiği tecrübeyle Hamas’ı ortaya çıkaran Filistin’e özgü yerel koşulların altını çizmekte ve Hamas-Fetih arasındaki rekabeti dikkate alarak Hamas örgütünün yapısı ve temel özellikleriyle ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Amr, Ziad (1993), “Hamas: A Historical and Political Background.” Journal of Palestine Studies 22, no. 4, pp. 5-19.
  • Abu-Amr, Ziad (1994), Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Boulby, Marion (2011), “Muslim Brotherhood.” Oxford Bibliographies, http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0137.xml.
  • “Charters of Hamas” (2017), Contemporary Review of the Middle East 4, no. 4, pp. 393-418.
  • Chehab, Zaki (2007), Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyr and Spies, London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
  • Cleveland, William L. (2008) Modern OrtadoğuTarihi, translated by Mehmet Harmancı, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Doyran, Ersin (2008) Bir Direniş Hareketi Olarak Hamas, Ankara: Elips Kitap.
  • Erkmen, Serhat (2009), “Filistin’de İktidar Mücadelesi: Hamas-Fetih İlişkileri”, Ortadoğu Analiz 1, no. 2, pp. 14-21.
  • Gânim, İbrâhim Beyyûmi (2000), “İhvân-ı Müslimîn”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Volume 21, Ankara: Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, pp. 580-582.
  • Görgün, Hilal (2000), “Mısır Dışındaki İhvân-ı Müslimîn Hareketi”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Volume 21, Ankara: Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, pp. 583-586.
  • Hatina, Meir (2001), Islam and Salvation in Palestine: The Islamic Jihad Movement, Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies.
  • Hroub, Khaled (2000), Hamas: Political Thought and Practice, Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies.
  • Hroub, Khaled (2004), “Hamas after Shaykh Yasin and Rantisi”, Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 4, pp. 21-38.
  • Hroub, Khaled (2006), Hamas: A Beginner’s Guide, London and Ann Arbor: Pluto Press.
  • Kepel, Gilles (2001), Cihat: İslamcılığın Yükselmesi ve Gerilemesi, translatedby Haldun Bayrı, İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Lewitt, Matthew (2006), Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Long, Baudouin (2010), “The Hamas Agenda: How Has It Changed?”, Middle East Policy 17, no. 4, pp. 131-143.
  • Maqdsi, Muhammed (1993), “Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) of Palestine”, Journal of Palestine Studies 22, no. 4, pp. 122-134.
  • Mishal, Shaul (2003), “The Pragmatic Dimension of the Palestinian Hamas: A Network Perspective”, Armed Forces & Society 29, pp. 569-589.
  • Mitchell, Richard P. (1993), The Society of Muslim Brothers, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Robinson, Glenn E. (1997), Building a Palestinian State: The Incomplete Revolution, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Robinson, Glenn E. (2004), “Hamas as Social Movement.” Quintan Wiktorowicz (ed.), Islamic Activism: a Social Movement Theory Approach, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 112-139.
  • Roy, Sara (2011), Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Sarı, Buğra (2018), “Filistin Direnişinde Aşil Tendonu: Hamas-Fetih Çatışması”, Yeni Fikir Dergisi 21, pp. 23-39.
  • Schanzer, Jonathan (2003), “The Challenge of Hamas to Fatah.” Middle East Quarterly 10, no. 2, https://www.meforum.org/articles/other/the-challenge-of-hamas-to-Fatah#_ftn5.
  • Schanzer, Jonathan (2008), Hamas vs. Fatah: The Struggle for Palestine, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tamimi, Azzam (2007), Hamas: A History from Within, Northampton, MA.: Olive Branch Press.
  • Tessler, Mark (1994), A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Usher, Graham (1999), Dispatches from Palestine: The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process, Londra: Pluto Press.
  • Usher, Graham (2006a), “Hamas Risen”, Middle East Report 23, pp. 2-11.
  • Usher, Graham (2006b) “The Democratic Resistance: Hamas, Fatah, and the Palestinian Elections”, Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 3, pp. 20-36.
  • 1988 Hamas Charter.
  • 2017 Hamas Charter.

Hamas, the Islamic Wing of Palestinian Resistance: Its Roots, Characteristics, and Way of Politics

Yıl 2020, , 147 - 165, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.686585

Öz

Hamas is an organization that has blended the historical and ideological legacy of Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan) that has spread all over the Arab world with the sui generis living characteristics of the Palestinian people. Having such legacy and characteristics, Hamas has been considering Palestinian resistance as a religious obligation and struggling against Israel in the front line stating that the occupied territories cannot be abandoned since the day it emerged in 1987. The group has become one of the principal actors regarding the Palestinian question. Hence, Hamas has been one of the most significant non-state actors in the region. From this point, this study first addresses the Ikhwan past of Hamas. Then, the sui generis living conditions of Palestine under occupation that produced Hamas are scrutinized. Meanwhile, the study clarifies the organizational structure and main features of Hamas by paying attention to its rivalry with Fatah.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Amr, Ziad (1993), “Hamas: A Historical and Political Background.” Journal of Palestine Studies 22, no. 4, pp. 5-19.
  • Abu-Amr, Ziad (1994), Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Boulby, Marion (2011), “Muslim Brotherhood.” Oxford Bibliographies, http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0137.xml.
  • “Charters of Hamas” (2017), Contemporary Review of the Middle East 4, no. 4, pp. 393-418.
  • Chehab, Zaki (2007), Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyr and Spies, London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
  • Cleveland, William L. (2008) Modern OrtadoğuTarihi, translated by Mehmet Harmancı, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Doyran, Ersin (2008) Bir Direniş Hareketi Olarak Hamas, Ankara: Elips Kitap.
  • Erkmen, Serhat (2009), “Filistin’de İktidar Mücadelesi: Hamas-Fetih İlişkileri”, Ortadoğu Analiz 1, no. 2, pp. 14-21.
  • Gânim, İbrâhim Beyyûmi (2000), “İhvân-ı Müslimîn”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Volume 21, Ankara: Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, pp. 580-582.
  • Görgün, Hilal (2000), “Mısır Dışındaki İhvân-ı Müslimîn Hareketi”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Volume 21, Ankara: Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, pp. 583-586.
  • Hatina, Meir (2001), Islam and Salvation in Palestine: The Islamic Jihad Movement, Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies.
  • Hroub, Khaled (2000), Hamas: Political Thought and Practice, Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies.
  • Hroub, Khaled (2004), “Hamas after Shaykh Yasin and Rantisi”, Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 4, pp. 21-38.
  • Hroub, Khaled (2006), Hamas: A Beginner’s Guide, London and Ann Arbor: Pluto Press.
  • Kepel, Gilles (2001), Cihat: İslamcılığın Yükselmesi ve Gerilemesi, translatedby Haldun Bayrı, İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Lewitt, Matthew (2006), Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Long, Baudouin (2010), “The Hamas Agenda: How Has It Changed?”, Middle East Policy 17, no. 4, pp. 131-143.
  • Maqdsi, Muhammed (1993), “Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) of Palestine”, Journal of Palestine Studies 22, no. 4, pp. 122-134.
  • Mishal, Shaul (2003), “The Pragmatic Dimension of the Palestinian Hamas: A Network Perspective”, Armed Forces & Society 29, pp. 569-589.
  • Mitchell, Richard P. (1993), The Society of Muslim Brothers, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Robinson, Glenn E. (1997), Building a Palestinian State: The Incomplete Revolution, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Robinson, Glenn E. (2004), “Hamas as Social Movement.” Quintan Wiktorowicz (ed.), Islamic Activism: a Social Movement Theory Approach, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 112-139.
  • Roy, Sara (2011), Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Sarı, Buğra (2018), “Filistin Direnişinde Aşil Tendonu: Hamas-Fetih Çatışması”, Yeni Fikir Dergisi 21, pp. 23-39.
  • Schanzer, Jonathan (2003), “The Challenge of Hamas to Fatah.” Middle East Quarterly 10, no. 2, https://www.meforum.org/articles/other/the-challenge-of-hamas-to-Fatah#_ftn5.
  • Schanzer, Jonathan (2008), Hamas vs. Fatah: The Struggle for Palestine, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tamimi, Azzam (2007), Hamas: A History from Within, Northampton, MA.: Olive Branch Press.
  • Tessler, Mark (1994), A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Usher, Graham (1999), Dispatches from Palestine: The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process, Londra: Pluto Press.
  • Usher, Graham (2006a), “Hamas Risen”, Middle East Report 23, pp. 2-11.
  • Usher, Graham (2006b) “The Democratic Resistance: Hamas, Fatah, and the Palestinian Elections”, Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 3, pp. 20-36.
  • 1988 Hamas Charter.
  • 2017 Hamas Charter.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Buğra Sarı 0000-0001-6428-1292

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarı, B. (2020). Hamas, the Islamic Wing of Palestinian Resistance: Its Roots, Characteristics, and Way of Politics. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25(97), 147-165. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.686585