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Effects of Supplementation Of L-alliin and Oleuropein into Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Feeds on Growth Performance, Some Immune Parameters and Disease Resistance (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 180 - 188, 29.12.2020

Ebru Yılmaz , Sebahattin Ergün , Sevdan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.746677
https://izlik.org/JA23GA59MC

Öz

The effects of L-alliin and oleuropein on growth performance, serum biochemical and innate immune parameters and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in the present study. In the experiment, 270 rainbow trout with an average weight of 12.6 ± 0.91 were used. L-alliin and oleuropein were added to fish feeds at a rate of 10 mg / kg. Fish were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. The addition of L-alliin to the feed increased the performance of growth parameters. The results showed that L-alliin and oleuropein have no negative effect on immune parameters. Cholesterol level was found higher in Oleuropein added group rather than control group.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rainbow trout L-alliin Oleuropein growth performance immune parameters

Proje Numarası

FHD-2019-2989

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Hakim NF, Lashin MME, Al-Azab AAM, Ashry AM. 2010. Effect of fresh or dried garlic as a natural feed supplement on growth performance and nutrients utilization of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticas). Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish. 14(2):19–38.doi: 10.21608/EJABF.2010.2058
  • Abou-Zeid SM. 2002. The Effect of Some Medical Plant on Reproductive and Productive Performance of Nile tilapia Fish [Ph.D. Thesis]. Cairo University. 212 s.
  • AOAC 1998. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (16th ed., 4th Rev.). AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, Method 985.18.
  • Arora A, Tripathi C, Shukla Y. 2005. Garlic and its organosulfides as potential chemopreventive agents: A review. Current Cancer Therapy Reviews. 1(2):199– 205. doi: 10.2174/1573394054021772
  • Augusti K.T. 1977. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of garlic, Allium sativum, Linn. IJEB. 15:489–490.
  • Bongiorno PB, Fratellone PM, LoGiudice P. 2008. Potential health benefits of garlic (Allium sativum): A narrative review. J Complement Integr Med. 5(1):1-24. doi: 10.2202/1553-3840.1084
  • Bordia A, Bansal HC, Arora SK, Singh SV. 1975. Effect of essential oils of garlic and onion onalimentary hyperlipemia. Atherosclerosis. 21(1):15–19. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(75)90091-x
  • Carrijo AS, Madeira LA, Sartori JR, Pezzato AC, Goncalves JC, Cruz VC, Kuibida KV, Pinheiro DF. 2005. Powdered garlic in the alternative feeding of broiler chickens. Pesqui Agropecu Bras. 40(7):673-679. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2005000700008
  • Citarasu T, Immanuel G, Marian MP. 1998. Effects of feeding Artemia enriched with stresstol and cod liver oil on growth and stress resistance in the Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus post larvae. Asian Fish Sci. 12:65–75.
  • Citarasu T, Jayarani TV, Babu MM, Marian MP. 1999. Use of herbal bio-medicinal products in aquaculture of shrimp. Paper presented at: Aqua-Terr Annual Symposium; School of Biological Sciences, MK University, Madurai.
  • Citarasu T. Sekar R.R. Babu M.M. Marian M.P. 2002. Developing Artemia enriched herbal diet for producing quality larvae in Penaeus monodon. Asian Fish Sci. 15(1):21–32.
  • Citarasu T. 2010. Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquacult. Int. 18: 403–414.
  • Diab AS, El-Nagar GO, Abd-El-Hady YM. 2002. Evaluation of Nigella sativa L (black seeds; baraka), Allium sativum (garlic) and BIOGEN as feed additives on growth performance and immunostimulants of O. niloticus fingerlings. Suez Canal Vet Med J. 5(2):745-753.
  • Durak I, Aytaç B, Atmaca Y, Devrim E, Avci A, Erol C, Oral D. 2004. Effects of garlic extract consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in atherosclerotic patients. Life Sci. 75(16):1959-1966.doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.015
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  • Fleming HP, Walter WM, Jr. Etchells JL. 1973. Antimicrobial properties of oleuropein and products of its hydrolysis from green olives. Appl Microbiol. 26(5):777–782.
  • Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 226(1):497-509.
  • Goncagul G, Ayaz E. 2010. Antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and traditional medicine. J Anim Vet Adv. 9(1):1-4.doi: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1.4
  • Hadrich F, Mahmoudi A, Bouallagui Z, Feki I, Isoda H, Feve B, Sayadi S. 2016. Evaluation of hypocholesterolemic effect of oleuropein in cholesterol-fed rats. Chem-Biol Interact. 252: 54-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.026
  • Heydari H, Firouzbakhsh F, Paknejad H. 2020. Effects of Mentha longifolia extract on some blood and immune parameters, and disease resistance against yersiniosis in rainbow trout. Aquaculture. 515, 734586.doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734586
  • Iversen M, Finstad B, McKinley RS, Eliassen RA. 2003. The efficacy of metomidate clove oil aqui-s™ and benzoak® as anaesthetics in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts and their potential stress-reducing capacity. Aquaculture. 221(1-4):549-566.doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00111-X
  • Jayaprakas V, Sambhu C. 1996. Growth response of white prawn, Penaeus indicus to dietary L-carnitine. Asian Fish Sci. 9(3):209–219.
  • Kanani H.G, Nobahar Z, Kakoolaki S, Jafarian H. 2014. Effect of ginger- and garlic-supplemented diet on growth performance, some hematological parameters and immune responses in juvenile Huso huso. Fish Physiol Biochem. 40(2):481-490.doi: 10.1007/s10695-013-9859-6
  • Koshinski R, Velichkova K, Sirakov I, Stoyanova S. 2020. Effect of Angelica archangelica L. extract on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculating system. Bulg J Agric Sci. 26 (1) 232–237.
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Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 180 - 188, 29.12.2020

Ebru Yılmaz , Sebahattin Ergün , Sevdan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.746677
https://izlik.org/JA23GA59MC

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yemlerine L-alliin ve oleuropein takviyesinin balıkların büyüme performansı, serum biyokimyasal, immünolojik parametreleri ve hastalık direnci üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Denemede, ortalama ağırlığı 12,6 ± 0,91 olan 270 gökkuşağı alabalığı kullanılmıştır. Balık yemlerine L-alliin ve oleuropein 10 mg/kg oranında ilave edilmiştir. Balıklar deneme yemleri ile 60 gün beslenmişlerdir. Alabalık yemlerine L-alliin ilavesinin balıkların büyüme performansını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. L- alliin ve oleuropeinin immunolojik parametreler üzerinde olumsuz bir etki göstermemiştir. Oleuropein ilaveli grupta, kolestrol seviyesinin, kontrol grubuna oranla yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

gökkuşağı alabalığı L-Alliin Oleuropein büyüme performansı immunolojik parametreler

Proje Numarası

FHD-2019-2989

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi FHD-2019-2989 nolu Bağımsız Araştırma Projesidir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Hakim NF, Lashin MME, Al-Azab AAM, Ashry AM. 2010. Effect of fresh or dried garlic as a natural feed supplement on growth performance and nutrients utilization of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticas). Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish. 14(2):19–38.doi: 10.21608/EJABF.2010.2058
  • Abou-Zeid SM. 2002. The Effect of Some Medical Plant on Reproductive and Productive Performance of Nile tilapia Fish [Ph.D. Thesis]. Cairo University. 212 s.
  • AOAC 1998. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (16th ed., 4th Rev.). AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, Method 985.18.
  • Arora A, Tripathi C, Shukla Y. 2005. Garlic and its organosulfides as potential chemopreventive agents: A review. Current Cancer Therapy Reviews. 1(2):199– 205. doi: 10.2174/1573394054021772
  • Augusti K.T. 1977. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of garlic, Allium sativum, Linn. IJEB. 15:489–490.
  • Bongiorno PB, Fratellone PM, LoGiudice P. 2008. Potential health benefits of garlic (Allium sativum): A narrative review. J Complement Integr Med. 5(1):1-24. doi: 10.2202/1553-3840.1084
  • Bordia A, Bansal HC, Arora SK, Singh SV. 1975. Effect of essential oils of garlic and onion onalimentary hyperlipemia. Atherosclerosis. 21(1):15–19. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(75)90091-x
  • Carrijo AS, Madeira LA, Sartori JR, Pezzato AC, Goncalves JC, Cruz VC, Kuibida KV, Pinheiro DF. 2005. Powdered garlic in the alternative feeding of broiler chickens. Pesqui Agropecu Bras. 40(7):673-679. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2005000700008
  • Citarasu T, Immanuel G, Marian MP. 1998. Effects of feeding Artemia enriched with stresstol and cod liver oil on growth and stress resistance in the Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus post larvae. Asian Fish Sci. 12:65–75.
  • Citarasu T, Jayarani TV, Babu MM, Marian MP. 1999. Use of herbal bio-medicinal products in aquaculture of shrimp. Paper presented at: Aqua-Terr Annual Symposium; School of Biological Sciences, MK University, Madurai.
  • Citarasu T. Sekar R.R. Babu M.M. Marian M.P. 2002. Developing Artemia enriched herbal diet for producing quality larvae in Penaeus monodon. Asian Fish Sci. 15(1):21–32.
  • Citarasu T. 2010. Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquacult. Int. 18: 403–414.
  • Diab AS, El-Nagar GO, Abd-El-Hady YM. 2002. Evaluation of Nigella sativa L (black seeds; baraka), Allium sativum (garlic) and BIOGEN as feed additives on growth performance and immunostimulants of O. niloticus fingerlings. Suez Canal Vet Med J. 5(2):745-753.
  • Durak I, Aytaç B, Atmaca Y, Devrim E, Avci A, Erol C, Oral D. 2004. Effects of garlic extract consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in atherosclerotic patients. Life Sci. 75(16):1959-1966.doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.015
  • FAO. 2013. FAO Statistical Yearbook 2013: World food and agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 289 s.
  • FAO. 2016. Aquaculture Department, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 204. ISBN 978-92-5-109185-2.
  • Fauci AS. 1993. Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus: implications for therapy. Science, 262(5136):1011–1018.doi: 10.1126/science.8235617
  • Fleming HP, Walter WM, Jr. Etchells JL. 1973. Antimicrobial properties of oleuropein and products of its hydrolysis from green olives. Appl Microbiol. 26(5):777–782.
  • Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 226(1):497-509.
  • Goncagul G, Ayaz E. 2010. Antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and traditional medicine. J Anim Vet Adv. 9(1):1-4.doi: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1.4
  • Hadrich F, Mahmoudi A, Bouallagui Z, Feki I, Isoda H, Feve B, Sayadi S. 2016. Evaluation of hypocholesterolemic effect of oleuropein in cholesterol-fed rats. Chem-Biol Interact. 252: 54-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.026
  • Heydari H, Firouzbakhsh F, Paknejad H. 2020. Effects of Mentha longifolia extract on some blood and immune parameters, and disease resistance against yersiniosis in rainbow trout. Aquaculture. 515, 734586.doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734586
  • Iversen M, Finstad B, McKinley RS, Eliassen RA. 2003. The efficacy of metomidate clove oil aqui-s™ and benzoak® as anaesthetics in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts and their potential stress-reducing capacity. Aquaculture. 221(1-4):549-566.doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00111-X
  • Jayaprakas V, Sambhu C. 1996. Growth response of white prawn, Penaeus indicus to dietary L-carnitine. Asian Fish Sci. 9(3):209–219.
  • Kanani H.G, Nobahar Z, Kakoolaki S, Jafarian H. 2014. Effect of ginger- and garlic-supplemented diet on growth performance, some hematological parameters and immune responses in juvenile Huso huso. Fish Physiol Biochem. 40(2):481-490.doi: 10.1007/s10695-013-9859-6
  • Koshinski R, Velichkova K, Sirakov I, Stoyanova S. 2020. Effect of Angelica archangelica L. extract on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculating system. Bulg J Agric Sci. 26 (1) 232–237.
  • Kumari J, Sahoo PK. 2006. Dietary levamisole modulates the ımmune response and disease resistance of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus). Aquac Res. 37(5):500-509.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01456.x
  • Lawson LD. 1998. Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds. In: Lawson LD, Bauer R, eds. Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society. 691(14):177-209. doi: 10.1021/bk-1998-0691.ch014
  • Maggon K. 2005. Best selling human medicine 2002–2004. Drug Discov Today. 10(11):739-742. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03468-9
  • Metwally MAA. 2009. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on some antioxidant activities in tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus). World J Fish Mar Sci. 1(1): 56-64.
  • Mithen R. 2006. Sulphur‑containing compounds. In: Crozier A, Clifford N and Ashida H editors. Plant secondary metabolites: occurrence, structure and role in the human diet Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing. s. 25‑46.
  • Ndong D, Fall J. 2011. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus). Journal of Clinical Immnunology and Immunopathology. 3(1):1-9.
  • Nudo LP, Catap ES. 2011. Immunostimulatory effects of Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich.) Merr. (Rubiaceae) vinebark aqueous extract in Balb/C mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 133(2):613-620. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.044
  • Nwabueze AA. 2012. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Sustainable Agric Res. 1(2):222–228. doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.231382
  • Nya EJ, Austin B. 2009. Use of garlic, Allium sativum, to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis. 32(11):963–970. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01100.x
  • Padiya R, Chowdhury D, Borkar R, Srinivas R, Pal Bhadra M, Banerjee SK. 2014. Garlic attenuates cardiac oxidative stress via activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in fructose-fed diabetic rat. PLos One. 9(5):e94228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094228
  • Pereira A.P, Ferreira ICFR, Marcelino F, Valentão P, Andrade F, Seabra R, Estevinho L, Bento A, Pereira JA. 2007. Phenolic compounds andantimicrobial activity of olive (Olea europaeaL.Cv.Cobrancßosa) leaves. Molecules. 12(5):1153-62. doi: 10.3390/12051153
  • Prasad S, Variyur PKB. 1993. Chemical investigation of some commonly used spices. Aryavaidyan. 6(4):262–267.
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  • Qureshi AA, Din ZZ, Abuirmeileh N, Burger WC, Ahmad Y, Elson CE. 1983. Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: impact on serum lipids. J. Nutr. 113(9):1746-1755. doi: 10.1093/jn/113.9.1746
  • Ramezanzadeh S, Abedian K, Esmaeili M. 2019. Immunohematological parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed supplemented diet with different forms of barberry root (Berberis vulgaris). Comparative Clinical Pathology. 29,177–187. doi: 10.1007/s00580-019-03032-8
  • Rashidian G, Bahrami S, Farsani MN, Prokić MD, Faggio C. 2018. The oak (Quercus brantii) acorn as a growth promotor for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance, body composition, liver enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters. Nat Prod Res. 34(17):2413-2423. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538994
  • Rashidian G, Kajbaf K, Prokić MD, Faggio C. 2020. Extract of common mallow (Malvae sylvestris) enhances growth, immunity, and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings against Yersinia ruckeri infection. Fish Shellfish Immun. 96:254-261. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.018
  • Rehulka J. 2003. Hematological analysis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) affected by viral haemrrhagic septicaemia (VHS). Dis Aquat Organ. 56(3):185–193. doi: 10.3354/dao056185
  • Rose P, Whiteman M, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. 2005. Bioactive S‑alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: The chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Nat Prod Rep. 22(3):351‑368. doi: 10.1039/b417639c
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  • Siwicki AK, Anderson DP. 1993. Nonspecific defense mechanisms assay in fish II; Potential killing activity of neutrophils and macrophages lysozyme activity in serum and organs and total immunoglobulin (lg) level in serum. In: Siwicki AK, Anderson DP, Waluga J, editors. Disease diagnosis and prevention methods. FAO-project GCP/INT/JPA IFI Olsztyn, Poland: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Rybactwa Strodladowego. s. 105–112.
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  • Yıldız G, Uylaşer V. 2011. Doğal bir antimikrobiyel: oleuropein. Uludağ Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg. 25(1):131-142.
  • Yılmaz S, Ergün, S. 2012. Effects of garlic and ginger oils on hematological and biochemical variables of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. J Aquat Anim Health. 24(4):219-224. doi: 10.1080/08997659.2012.711266
  • Yılmaz S, Ergün S, Çelik EŞ. 2016. Effect of dietary spice supplementations on welfare status of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B: Biol Sci. 86(1):229-237. doi: 10.1007/s40011-014-0444-2
  • Yilmaz S, Ergün S, Yıgıt M. 2018. Effects of dietary FARMARIN® XP supplement on immunological responses and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 496:211-220. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.07.024
  • Yilmaz S. 2018. Balık immunolojisi analiz yöntemleri/Methods of fish immunology analysis. İstanbul: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları 105 s.
  • Yılmaz S. Ergün S. 2018. Trans-cinnamic acid application for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): I. Effects on haematological, serum biochemical, non-specific immune and head kidney gene expression responses. Fish Shellfish Immun. 78:140-157. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.034
  • Zawistowski J, Kopec A, Jedrszczyk E, Francik R, Bystrowska B. 2018. Garlic grown from air bulbils and its potential health benefits. ACS Symp Ser. 1286: 315‑328. doi: 10.1021/bk-2018-1286.ch017
  • Zemheri-Navruz F, Acar Ü, Yılmaz S. 2019. Dietary supplementation of olive leaf extract increases haematological, serum biochemical parameters and immune related genes expression level in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immun. 89:672-676. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.037
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Balıkçılık Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ebru Yılmaz 0000-0003-1905-1265

Sebahattin Ergün 0000-0002-9077-9438

Sevdan Yılmaz 0000-0002-4809-5809

Proje Numarası FHD-2019-2989
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2020
DOI https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.746677
IZ https://izlik.org/JA23GA59MC
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, E., Ergün, S., & Yılmaz, S. (2020). Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 6(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.746677
AMA 1.Yılmaz E, Ergün S, Yılmaz S. Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2020;6(3):180-188. doi:10.17216/limnofish.746677
Chicago Yılmaz, Ebru, Sebahattin Ergün, ve Sevdan Yılmaz. 2020. “Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri”. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 6 (3): 180-88. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.746677.
EndNote Yılmaz E, Ergün S, Yılmaz S (01 Aralık 2020) Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 6 3 180–188.
IEEE [1]E. Yılmaz, S. Ergün, ve S. Yılmaz, “Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri”, Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, c. 6, sy 3, ss. 180–188, Ara. 2020, doi: 10.17216/limnofish.746677.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Ebru - Ergün, Sebahattin - Yılmaz, Sevdan. “Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri”. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 6/3 (01 Aralık 2020): 180-188. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.746677.
JAMA 1.Yılmaz E, Ergün S, Yılmaz S. Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2020;6:180–188.
MLA Yılmaz, Ebru, vd. “Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri”. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, c. 6, sy 3, Aralık 2020, ss. 180-8, doi:10.17216/limnofish.746677.
Vancouver 1.Ebru Yılmaz, Sebahattin Ergün, Sevdan Yılmaz. Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine L-alliin ve Oleuropein İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Bağışıklık Parametreleri ve Hastalık Direnci (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 01 Aralık 2020;6(3):180-8. doi:10.17216/limnofish.746677