Nektarinden Bayramiç Beyazı’na: Bir Türün Evrimi, Genetiği ve Coğrafi Kimliği
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13, 109 - 120, 30.12.2025
Mustafa Bıçakçı
,
Engin Gür
Öz
Bayramiç Beyazı, Çanakkale’nin kuzeybatısında gelişen özgün ekolojik koşullar altında şekillenmiş, beyaz etli ve aromatik karakteriyle tanınan yerel bir nektarin varyetesidir. Bu meyve, bölgedeki uzun süreli kültürel seçilim ve çevresel uyum süreçlerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmış, Türkiye’nin meyvecilik mirası içinde genetik yönden ayrıcalıklı bir konum kazanmıştır. Düşük asitliği, yoğun aromatik bileşenleri ve beyaz-krem renkli meyve etiyle duyusal açıdan ayırt edici nitelikler sergilemektedir. Bayramiç’in özgün mikroklimatik yapısı, özellikle gece-gündüz sıcaklık farkı ve kireç açısından zengin toprak dokusu, meyvenin bileşenleri üzerinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bu çeşit üzerine yapılan araştırmalar genellikle yetiştiricilik ve pomolojik özellikler düzeyinde kalmış, genetik kimliğini ve evrimsel ilişkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar ise sınırlı sayıda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Filogenetik yaklaşımlar, bu yerel varyetenin kökenini, şeftali ve diğer Prunus türleriyle olan akrabalık düzeyini ve olası mutasyon süreçlerini anlamada önemli bir araçtır. Moleküler belirteçler kullanılarak yapılacak analizler, Bayramiç Beyazı’nın taksonomik konumunu netleştirebilir ve genetik olarak korunmasına bilimsel dayanak oluşturabilir.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı beyan ederim.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Kurumu
Kaynakça
-
Anamur, F. ve Türkmen, C. (2019). Sıvı Humik Asit Uygulamalarının Bayramiç Beyazı Nektarin Çeşidinin (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) Beslenmesi ve Bazı Toprak Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkileri. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(4), 1035-1047.
-
Aranzana, M. J., Decroocq, V., Dirlewanger, E., Eduardo, I., Gao, Z. S., Gasic, K. and Arús, P. (2019). Prunus Genetics and Applications After de Novo Genome Sequencing: Achievements and Prospects. Horticulture Research, 6.
-
Avise, J. C. (2000). Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press.
Bradford, L. G. (2003). U.S. Patent Application no. 10/014,022.
-
Cao, K., Zheng, Z., Wang, L., Liu, X., Zhu, G., Fang, W. and Wang, J. (2014). Comparative Population Genomics Reveals the Domestication History of the Peach, Prunus Persica and Human İnfluences on Perennial Fruit Crops. Genome Biology, 15(7), 415.
-
Chase, M. W., Soltis, D. E., Olmstead, R. G., Morgan, D., Les, D. H., Mishler, B. D. and Albert, V. A. (1993).
-
Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 528-580.
-
Colaric, M., Veberic, R., Stampar, F. and Hudina, M. (2005). Evaluation of Peach and Nectarine Fruit Quality and Correlations Between Sensory and Chemical Attributes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85(15), 2611-2616.
-
Crisosto, C. H. and Day, K. R. (2012). Stone Fruit. Crop Post‐Harvest: Science and Technology: Perishables, 212-225.
-
Crisosto, C. H. and Mitchell, F. G. (2002). Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3311.
-
Crisosto, C. H., Crisosto, G. and Bowerman, E. (2003, July). Understanding Consumer Acceptance of Peach, Nectarine and Plum Cultivars. In International Conference on Quality in Chains. An Integrated View on Fruit and Vegetable Quality 604 (115-119).
-
Çanakkale İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü. (2021, Nisan 19). Bayramiç Beyazı Hasat Etkinliği. https://canakkale.tarimorman.gov.tr/Haber/501/Bayramic-Beyazi-Hasat-Etkinligi-Duzenlendi?utm_source=chatgpt.com Son Erişim: 19.10.2025
-
Çanakkale Valiliği. (2024). Bayramiç Beyazı Tanıtım Raporu. http://www.canakkale.gov.tr/bayramic-beyazi Son Erişim: 19.10.2025
-
Echeverria, G., Cano, J., López, L. And Alins, G. (2010, August). Influence of Volatile Compound Emissions and Standard Quality on Consumer Acceptance of Peaches and Nectarines. In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on 934 (pp. 1075-1081).
-
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization (2024). Global Production Statistics of Nectarines. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Son erişim tarihi 19.10.2025.
-
Felsenstein, J. (2004). Inferring Phylogenies Sinauer Associates inc. Sunderland, MA. Xx+. Pp.
-
Feng, C., Wang, J., Harris, A. J., Folta, K. M., Zhao, M. and Kang, M. (2021). Tracing the Diploid Ancestry of the Cultivated Octoploid Strawberry. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(2), 478-485.
-
Guo JiYing, G. J., Jiang Quan, J. Q., Zhao JianBo, Z. J., Chen QingHua, C. Q., Li XinYue, L. X., Yu GuangShui, Y. G. And Ren Fei, R. F. (2012). A New Mid-Ripening Nectarine Cultivar'ruiguang 33.
-
Gür, E. ve Eroğul, D. (2018). Hasat Öncesi Gibberellik Asit Uygulamalarının ‘Bayramiç Beyazı’ve ‘Caldesi 2000’Nektarin Çeşitlerinin Meyve Kalitesine Etkileri. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 6(2), 27-33.
-
Gür, E. ve Şeker, M. (2014). Beyaz Nektarin Tiplerinin Prunus Cinsine Giren Önemli Türlerle Melezlenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 65-72.
-
Hall, B. G. (2004). Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy. WH Freeman.
-
Hodel, R. G., Zimmer, E., and Wen, J. (2021). A Phylogenomic Approach Resolves the Backbone of Prunus (Rosaceae) and İdentifies Signals of Hybridization and Allopolyploidy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 160, 107118.
-
Iglesias, I., Giné-Bordonaba, J., Garanto, X. and Reig, G. (2019). Rootstock Affects Quality and Phytochemical Composition of ‘Big Top’nectarine Fruits Grown Under Hot Climatic Conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 256, 108586.
-
Jarvis, E. D., Mirarab, S., Aberer, A. J., Li, B., Houde, P., Li, C., and Zhang, G. (2014). Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches in the Tree of Life of Modern Birds. Science, 346(6215), 1320-1331.
-
Jayarajan, S., Sharma, R. R., Sethi, S., Saha, S., Sharma, V. K. And Singh, S. (2019). Chemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Major Genotypes of Nectarine (Prunus persica var nectarina) Grown in North-Western Himalayas. Journal of Food Science and technology, 56(9), 4266-4273.
-
Kaynaş, K. ve Kesmen, N. (2018). Bayramiç Beyazı Nektarin Çeşidinde Farklı Uygulamaların Depolama ve Pazarlama Kalitesine Etkileri. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 46-58.
-
Layne, D. R. and Bassi, D. (Eds.). (2008). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. Cabi.
-
Layne, D. R., Wang, Z. and Niu, L. (2013). Protected Cultivation of Peach and Nectarine in China–Industry Observations and Assessments. J. am. Pomol. Soc, 67, 18-28.
-
Li, X., Ding, Z., Miao, H., Bao, J. and Tian, X. (2022). Complete Chloroplast Genome Studies of Different Apple Varieties İndicated the Origin of Modern Cultivated Apples From Malus Sieversii and Malus Sylvestris. PeerJ, 10, e13107.
-
Lim, T. K. (2012). Prunus persica var. persica. In Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 4, Fruits (pp. 498-508). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
-
Ma, Z. Y., Nie, Z. L., Ren, C., Liu, X. Q., Zimmer, E. A. and Wen, J. (2021). Phylogenomic Relationships and Character Evolution of the Grape Family (Vitaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 154, 1
-
Madhumala, K., Kumar, K., Sahay, S. and Ahmad, F. (2020). Assessment of Chemical Characteristics of Low Chilling Peach Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Bihar. Internatıonal Journal, 9(2), 1651-1654.
Marini, R. P., Sherif, S. M. and Smith, A. H. (2020). Peach and Nectarine Varieties for Virginia.
-
Mishler, B. D. (2005). The Logic of the Data Matrix in Phylogenetic Analysis. Parsimony, Phylogeny, And Genomics, 57, 70.
-
Official Journal L 131, 16.04.2021, Extract From the Register, of Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Eographical Indications Established by Article 11 of Regülation (EU) No 1151/2012. 64, (131),1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2021:131:FULL. Son Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2025.
-
Okie, W. R. (1998). Handbook of Peach and Nectarine Varieties. Agriculture Handbook (United States. Department Of Agriculture).
-
Petruccelli, R., Bonetti, A., Ciaccheri, L., Ieri, F., Ganino, T. and Faraloni, C. (2023). Evaluation of the Fruit Quality and Phytochemical Compounds in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars. Plants, 12(8), 1618.
-
Qiao, Q., Edger, P. P., Xue, L., Qiong, L., Lu, J., Zhang, Y. And Zhang, T. (2021). Evolutionary History and Pan-Genome Dynamics of Strawberry (Fragaria spp.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(45), e2105431118.
-
Ruiz, D. and Egea, J. (2008). Phenotypic Diversity and Relationships of Fruit Quality Traits in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Germplasm. Euphytica, 163(1), 143-158.
-
Seker, M., Kaynas, K., Yilmaz, A. and Us, U. (2005). Plant and Fruit Characteristics of a Novel White Nectarine Type. Hortscience, 40(5), 1208-1212.
-
Serbes, E. B. ve Tiryaki, O. (2023). Bayramiç Beyazı” Nektarinlerde Fungisit Kalıntılarının Belirlenmesi ve Tüketiciler İçin Risk Değerlendirmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 166-176.
-
Simonetto, P. R., Fioravanço, J. C., Paiva, M. C., Fioravanço, J. C., Paulo Roberto Simonetto, F. and Paiva, M. C. (2008). Floração e Maturação de Oito Cultivares de Nectarineira em Veranópolis, RS.
-
Soltis, P. S. and Soltis, D. E. (2009). The Role of Hybridization in Plant Speciation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 60(1), 561-588.
-
TAGEM. (2020). Şeftali ve Nektarin Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları.https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/%C5%9Eeftali%20ve%20Nektarin%20Entegre%20M%C3%BCcadele%20Teknik%20Talimat%C4%B1.pdf Son Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2025
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Temizkan, R. (2017). Beyaz Nektarin Kalitesinin Isıl Olmayan Muhafaza Yöntemleriyle Korunması ve Görüntü İşleme Teknikleriyle Değerlendirilmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. Doktora tezi. 240s.
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Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK).(2023). Türkiye’ de İl Bazında Nektarin ve Şeftali Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr, Son erişim tarihi 19.10.2025.
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Wang, X., Wang, D., Gao, N., Han, Y., Wang, X., Shen, X. and You, C. (2022). Identification of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Malus zhaojiaoensis Jiang and İts Comparison and Evolutionary Analysis with other Malus species. Genes, 13(4), 560
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Xu, D. H., Wahyuni, S., Sato, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Tsunematsu, H. and Ban, T. (2006). Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Japanese Peach (Prunus persica L.) Cultivars Revealed by AFLP and Pedigree Tracing. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 53(5), 883-889.
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Yoon, J., Liu, D., Song, W., Liu, W., Zhang, A. and Li, S. (2006). Genetic diversity and Ecogeographical Phylogenetic Relationships Among Peach and Nectarine Cultivars Based on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 131(4), 513-521.
From Nectarine to Bayramiç Beyazı: Evolution, Genetics, and Geographical Identity of a Cultivar
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13, 109 - 120, 30.12.2025
Mustafa Bıçakçı
,
Engin Gür
Öz
Bayramiç Beyazı is a local nectarine variety that has developed under the unique ecological conditions of northwestern Çanakkale, and is known for its white flesh and aromatic character. This fruit emerged as a result of long-term cultural selection and environmental adaptation processes in the region, gaining a genetically distinctive status within Turkey’s fruit-growing heritage. Its low acidity, rich aromatic compounds, and white-cream colored flesh give it sensory characteristics that clearly distinguish it from other varieties. The unique microclimatic structure of Bayramiç—particularly the significant diurnal temperature variation and the lime-rich soil—plays a decisive role in shaping the fruit’s compositional attributes. Studies on this variety have generally remained at the level of cultivation and pomological characteristics, while research examining its genetic identity and evolutionary relationships has been limited. Phylogenetic approaches are an important tool for understanding the origin of this local variety, its degree of relatedness to peach and other Prunus species, and possible mutation processes. Analyses performed using molecular markers can clarify the taxonomic position of Bayramiç Beyazı and provide scientific justification for its genetic conservation.
Etik Beyan
I hereby declare that this study is an original work; that I have complied with scientific ethical principles and rules in all stages of the study, including its preparation, data collection, and presentation of information; that I have cited all data and information not obtained within the scope of this study and have included these sources in the references; and that I have made no alterations to the data used.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Kurumu
Kaynakça
-
Anamur, F. ve Türkmen, C. (2019). Sıvı Humik Asit Uygulamalarının Bayramiç Beyazı Nektarin Çeşidinin (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) Beslenmesi ve Bazı Toprak Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkileri. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(4), 1035-1047.
-
Aranzana, M. J., Decroocq, V., Dirlewanger, E., Eduardo, I., Gao, Z. S., Gasic, K. and Arús, P. (2019). Prunus Genetics and Applications After de Novo Genome Sequencing: Achievements and Prospects. Horticulture Research, 6.
-
Avise, J. C. (2000). Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press.
Bradford, L. G. (2003). U.S. Patent Application no. 10/014,022.
-
Cao, K., Zheng, Z., Wang, L., Liu, X., Zhu, G., Fang, W. and Wang, J. (2014). Comparative Population Genomics Reveals the Domestication History of the Peach, Prunus Persica and Human İnfluences on Perennial Fruit Crops. Genome Biology, 15(7), 415.
-
Chase, M. W., Soltis, D. E., Olmstead, R. G., Morgan, D., Les, D. H., Mishler, B. D. and Albert, V. A. (1993).
-
Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 528-580.
-
Colaric, M., Veberic, R., Stampar, F. and Hudina, M. (2005). Evaluation of Peach and Nectarine Fruit Quality and Correlations Between Sensory and Chemical Attributes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85(15), 2611-2616.
-
Crisosto, C. H. and Day, K. R. (2012). Stone Fruit. Crop Post‐Harvest: Science and Technology: Perishables, 212-225.
-
Crisosto, C. H. and Mitchell, F. G. (2002). Postharvest Handling Systems: Stone Fruits. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3311.
-
Crisosto, C. H., Crisosto, G. and Bowerman, E. (2003, July). Understanding Consumer Acceptance of Peach, Nectarine and Plum Cultivars. In International Conference on Quality in Chains. An Integrated View on Fruit and Vegetable Quality 604 (115-119).
-
Çanakkale İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü. (2021, Nisan 19). Bayramiç Beyazı Hasat Etkinliği. https://canakkale.tarimorman.gov.tr/Haber/501/Bayramic-Beyazi-Hasat-Etkinligi-Duzenlendi?utm_source=chatgpt.com Son Erişim: 19.10.2025
-
Çanakkale Valiliği. (2024). Bayramiç Beyazı Tanıtım Raporu. http://www.canakkale.gov.tr/bayramic-beyazi Son Erişim: 19.10.2025
-
Echeverria, G., Cano, J., López, L. And Alins, G. (2010, August). Influence of Volatile Compound Emissions and Standard Quality on Consumer Acceptance of Peaches and Nectarines. In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on 934 (pp. 1075-1081).
-
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization (2024). Global Production Statistics of Nectarines. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Son erişim tarihi 19.10.2025.
-
Felsenstein, J. (2004). Inferring Phylogenies Sinauer Associates inc. Sunderland, MA. Xx+. Pp.
-
Feng, C., Wang, J., Harris, A. J., Folta, K. M., Zhao, M. and Kang, M. (2021). Tracing the Diploid Ancestry of the Cultivated Octoploid Strawberry. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(2), 478-485.
-
Guo JiYing, G. J., Jiang Quan, J. Q., Zhao JianBo, Z. J., Chen QingHua, C. Q., Li XinYue, L. X., Yu GuangShui, Y. G. And Ren Fei, R. F. (2012). A New Mid-Ripening Nectarine Cultivar'ruiguang 33.
-
Gür, E. ve Eroğul, D. (2018). Hasat Öncesi Gibberellik Asit Uygulamalarının ‘Bayramiç Beyazı’ve ‘Caldesi 2000’Nektarin Çeşitlerinin Meyve Kalitesine Etkileri. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 6(2), 27-33.
-
Gür, E. ve Şeker, M. (2014). Beyaz Nektarin Tiplerinin Prunus Cinsine Giren Önemli Türlerle Melezlenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 65-72.
-
Hall, B. G. (2004). Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy. WH Freeman.
-
Hodel, R. G., Zimmer, E., and Wen, J. (2021). A Phylogenomic Approach Resolves the Backbone of Prunus (Rosaceae) and İdentifies Signals of Hybridization and Allopolyploidy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 160, 107118.
-
Iglesias, I., Giné-Bordonaba, J., Garanto, X. and Reig, G. (2019). Rootstock Affects Quality and Phytochemical Composition of ‘Big Top’nectarine Fruits Grown Under Hot Climatic Conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 256, 108586.
-
Jarvis, E. D., Mirarab, S., Aberer, A. J., Li, B., Houde, P., Li, C., and Zhang, G. (2014). Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve Early Branches in the Tree of Life of Modern Birds. Science, 346(6215), 1320-1331.
-
Jayarajan, S., Sharma, R. R., Sethi, S., Saha, S., Sharma, V. K. And Singh, S. (2019). Chemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Major Genotypes of Nectarine (Prunus persica var nectarina) Grown in North-Western Himalayas. Journal of Food Science and technology, 56(9), 4266-4273.
-
Kaynaş, K. ve Kesmen, N. (2018). Bayramiç Beyazı Nektarin Çeşidinde Farklı Uygulamaların Depolama ve Pazarlama Kalitesine Etkileri. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 46-58.
-
Layne, D. R. and Bassi, D. (Eds.). (2008). The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. Cabi.
-
Layne, D. R., Wang, Z. and Niu, L. (2013). Protected Cultivation of Peach and Nectarine in China–Industry Observations and Assessments. J. am. Pomol. Soc, 67, 18-28.
-
Li, X., Ding, Z., Miao, H., Bao, J. and Tian, X. (2022). Complete Chloroplast Genome Studies of Different Apple Varieties İndicated the Origin of Modern Cultivated Apples From Malus Sieversii and Malus Sylvestris. PeerJ, 10, e13107.
-
Lim, T. K. (2012). Prunus persica var. persica. In Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 4, Fruits (pp. 498-508). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
-
Ma, Z. Y., Nie, Z. L., Ren, C., Liu, X. Q., Zimmer, E. A. and Wen, J. (2021). Phylogenomic Relationships and Character Evolution of the Grape Family (Vitaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 154, 1
-
Madhumala, K., Kumar, K., Sahay, S. and Ahmad, F. (2020). Assessment of Chemical Characteristics of Low Chilling Peach Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Bihar. Internatıonal Journal, 9(2), 1651-1654.
Marini, R. P., Sherif, S. M. and Smith, A. H. (2020). Peach and Nectarine Varieties for Virginia.
-
Mishler, B. D. (2005). The Logic of the Data Matrix in Phylogenetic Analysis. Parsimony, Phylogeny, And Genomics, 57, 70.
-
Official Journal L 131, 16.04.2021, Extract From the Register, of Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Eographical Indications Established by Article 11 of Regülation (EU) No 1151/2012. 64, (131),1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2021:131:FULL. Son Erişim Tarihi: 24.10.2025.
-
Okie, W. R. (1998). Handbook of Peach and Nectarine Varieties. Agriculture Handbook (United States. Department Of Agriculture).
-
Petruccelli, R., Bonetti, A., Ciaccheri, L., Ieri, F., Ganino, T. and Faraloni, C. (2023). Evaluation of the Fruit Quality and Phytochemical Compounds in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars. Plants, 12(8), 1618.
-
Qiao, Q., Edger, P. P., Xue, L., Qiong, L., Lu, J., Zhang, Y. And Zhang, T. (2021). Evolutionary History and Pan-Genome Dynamics of Strawberry (Fragaria spp.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(45), e2105431118.
-
Ruiz, D. and Egea, J. (2008). Phenotypic Diversity and Relationships of Fruit Quality Traits in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Germplasm. Euphytica, 163(1), 143-158.
-
Seker, M., Kaynas, K., Yilmaz, A. and Us, U. (2005). Plant and Fruit Characteristics of a Novel White Nectarine Type. Hortscience, 40(5), 1208-1212.
-
Serbes, E. B. ve Tiryaki, O. (2023). Bayramiç Beyazı” Nektarinlerde Fungisit Kalıntılarının Belirlenmesi ve Tüketiciler İçin Risk Değerlendirmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 166-176.
-
Simonetto, P. R., Fioravanço, J. C., Paiva, M. C., Fioravanço, J. C., Paulo Roberto Simonetto, F. and Paiva, M. C. (2008). Floração e Maturação de Oito Cultivares de Nectarineira em Veranópolis, RS.
-
Soltis, P. S. and Soltis, D. E. (2009). The Role of Hybridization in Plant Speciation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 60(1), 561-588.
-
TAGEM. (2020). Şeftali ve Nektarin Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları.https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/%C5%9Eeftali%20ve%20Nektarin%20Entegre%20M%C3%BCcadele%20Teknik%20Talimat%C4%B1.pdf Son Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2025
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