Hayvancılıkta Su Kalitesinin Önemi ve Sürdürülebilir Su Yönetimi Stratejileri

Öz

ÖZ Su, hayvancılıkta metabolik faaliyetlerin sürdürülmesi, verimlilik ve hayvan refahı için en kritik besin maddesidir. Ancak günümüzde artan endüstriyel faaliyetler, tarımsal atıklar ve iklim değişikliği, su kaynaklarını fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik kirleticilerle tehdit etmektedir. Bu derleme; su kalitesini belirleyen temel parametreleri (pH, toplam çözünmüş katı maddeler, sertlik), toksik mineralleri ve özellikle ağır metaller (arsenik, kurşun, kadmiyum) ile farmasötik kalıntıların çiftlik hayvanları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Kalitesi düşük su tüketimi; yem alımında azalma, oksidatif stres, immün baskılanma ve üreme performansında ciddi kayıplara yol açarak ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği tehlikeye atmaktadır. Ayrıca, ağır metallerin ve antibiyotiklerin besin zinciri yoluyla biyobirikimi, halk sağlığı açısından “tek sağlık” perspektifinde değerlendirilmesi gereken küresel bir risktir. Çalışmada, bu tehditlere karşı su kalitesi izleme programları, biyofilm kontrolü, suluk hijyeni ve alternatif su kaynaklarının kullanımı gibi sürdürülebilir su yönetimi stratejileri irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, su kalitesinin bütüncül bir yaklaşımla yönetilmesi, hayvan sağlığı ve gıda güvenliğinin temini için bir zorunluluktur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• su kalitesi
• hayvan sağlığı
• sürdürülebilir su yönetimi
• biyobirikim

Importance of Water Quality in Livestock and Sustainable Water Management Strategies

Öz

ABSTRACT Water is the most critical nutrient for maintaining metabolic functions, productivity, and animal welfare in livestock systems. However, increasing industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and climate change threaten water sources with physical, chemical, and biological contaminants. This review examines key water quality parameters (pH, total dissolved solids, hardness), toxic minerals, and specifically the effects of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium) and pharmaceutical residues on livestock. Consumption of poor-quality water endangers economic sustainability by causing reduced feed intake, oxidative stress, immune suppression, and significant losses in reproductive performance. Furthermore, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and antibiotics through the food chain poses a global risk to public health that must be evaluated within the “one health” perspective. The study also discusses sustainable water management strategies, such as water quality monitoring programs, biofilm control, trough hygiene, and the use of alternative water sources, to mitigate these threats. In conclusion, holistic management of water quality is essential for ensuring animal health and food safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Water quality
• Animal health
• Sustainable water management
• Bioaccumulation

Kaynakça

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