FUNDAMENTALS OF THIOSULPHATE LEACHING OF GOLD AND SILVER – PART I

Öz

Today, the most common (>%90) method preferred for production of gold from ores is cyanide leaching. Cyanide leaching with its well-known chemistry has been used industrially since the late 19th century. Restrictions have come into force particularly in recent years due to ever increasing environmental concerns for high toxicity of cyanide. European Union has once considered a general ban on the use of cyanide; however, they could not apply such a ban due to the lack of an alternative that can economically and technically compete with cyanide. Thiosulphate has received particular attention among reagents alternative to cyanide with its attributes such as low toxicity and high leaching kinetics. Thiosulphate leaching could also provide high recoveries in some refractory ores where cyanide leaching fails. The first commercial application of thiosulphate leaching has been implemented by Barrick Gold Co. in 2015. In this study, historical development of ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching, its technical and environmental merits, leach mechanism and parameters affecting leaching were discussed. Alternative thiosulphate leaching systems were also evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gold/silver,Leaching,Thiosulphate,Cyanide,Hydrometallurgy

TİYOSÜLFAT İLE ALTIN VE GÜMÜŞ LİÇİNİN TEMELLERİ – BÖLÜM I

Öz

Günümüzde, cevherlerden altın üretiminde en yaygın (>%90) olarak tercih edilen yöntem siyanür içidir. Siyanür liçi, 19. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren endüstriyel olarak kullanılmaktadır ve liç imyası iyi bilinmektedir. Bununla beraber özellikle son yıllarda, siyanürün yüksek derecede
toksik özelliğe sahip olmasına bağlı olarak artan çevresel kaygılar nedeniyle, kullanımına air kısıtlamalar getirilmiştir. Avrupa Birliği 2010 yılında siyanürün tamamen yasaklanmasını eğerlendirmiş ancak; altın kazanımında teknik ve ekonomik açıdan siyanür liçi ile yarışabilen bir teknoloji mevcut olmadığı için genel bir yasak getirmemiştir. Siyanüre alternatif reaktifler arasında tiyosülfat, düşük toksik özelliği ve yüksek liç kinetiği gibi özellikleri ile ön plana çıkmıştır. Tiyosülfat liçi, siyanür ile etkin olarak kazanılamayan bazı refrakter tip cevherlerde de yüksek verimler
sağlamaktadır. Tiyosülfat liçinin ilk endüstriyel uygulaması 2015 yılında Barrick Gold firması tarafından uygulamaya geçirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, amonyaklı tiyosülfat liçinin tarihsel gelişimi, siyanür liçi ile teknik/çevresel açıdan karşılaştırılması, liç mekanizması ve liç işlemini etkileyen
temel parametreler irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, alternatif tiyosülfat liçi sistemleri de değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Altın/gümüş,Liç,Tiyosülfat,Siyanür,Hidrometalurji

Kaynakça

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