Araştırma Makalesi
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FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 189 - 196, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.620665

Öz

In this study, flowsheet development and economic approach studies have been carried out

for a sulphide ore containing gold and clay. For this purpose, previous beneficiation test results

were used. First, clay separation was performed from the ore. In the following step, direct

leaching, gravity separation and flotation methods were tested and compared to obtain a gold

pre-concentrates at different grinding sizes. According to the test results, 34% of the ore by mass

was separated as clay concentrate, which was suitable for the ceramic industry. Different preconcentrates

were obtained from gravity and bulk sulphide flotation tests. The possible flowsheet

alternatives were compared and discussed. Product specifications were discussed in terms of

economic and environmental aspects. As a result, producing Au containing flotation concentrate

without leaching was decided to be more economical. In this method, 34% of the ore could be

obtained as a by-product. 77.77 g/t gold containing sulphide pre-concentrates can be obtained

with a 70.05 % gold recovery.

Kaynakça

  • Alp, I., Celep, O., Tuysuz, N., Vicil, M., Lermi, A., 2003. Mineralojik Yapının Cevher Zenginleştirme İşlemine Etkisi : Mastra ve Kaletas (Gumushane) Altın Cevherleri Üzerine Örnek Calışma. Proceedings of the 18th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, Antalya: TMMOB, 147-154.
  • Ancia, P. H., Frenay, J., Dandois, P. H., 1997. Comparison of the Knelson and Falcon Centrifugal Separators. Innovation in Physical Separation Technologies, IMM Conference, Falmouth, 53-62.
  • Anon, 2017. Precious Metals Investment, Prices and Stocks. InvestmentMine, www.infomine.com/investment/ precious-metals/.
  • Boylu, F., Cinku, K., Esenli, F., Çelik, M. S., 2010. The Separation Efficiency of Na-bentonite by Hydrocyclone and Characterization of Hydrocyclone Products. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 94 (3–4), 196-202. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2009.12.004.
  • Bulatovic, S. M., Wyslouzil, D.M., 1996. Flotation Behavior of Gold during Processing of Porphyry Copper-Gold Ores and Refractory Gold-Bearing Sulphides. 2nd International Gold Symposium, Lima, 166.
  • Conelly, D., 2011. High Clay Ores A Mineral Processing Nightmare. Australian Journal of Mining, 28-29.
  • Dulaney, L. B., Theobold, E. F., 1974. Method of Producing Kaolin Clay from Ore Having Silica Sand Content. US Patent No: US3856213A, USA.
  • Farrokhpay, S., 2011. The Significance of Froth Stability in Mineral Flotation A Review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 166 (1-2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cis.2011.03.001.
  • Farrokhpay, S., Bradshaw, D., 2012. Effect of Clay Minerals on Froth Stability in Mineral Flotation: A Review. 26th International Mineral Processing Congress: Innovative Processing for Sustainable Growth, New Delhi, 4601- 4611. ISBN: 81-901714-3-7.
  • Gucbilmez, D., Ozcan, O., Ekmekci, Z., 2014. Beneficiation of Gold from Sulphide Ore with High Clay Content. 14th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Kusadasi, 695-702. ISBN 978-975-441-436-3.
  • Gul, A., Kangal, O., Sirkeci, A. A., Onal, G., 2012. Beneficiation of the Gold Bearing Ore by Gravity and Flotation. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 19 (2), 106-110.
  • Kogel, J. E., Trivedi, N. C., Barker, J. M., Krukowski, S. T., 2006. Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses.
  • La Brooy, S. R., Linge, H. G., Walker, G. S., 1994. Review of Gold Extraction from Ores. Minerals Engineering, 7 (10), 1213-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875 (94) 90114-7.
  • Laplante, A. R., 1993. A Comparison of Two Centrifugal Concentrators. Annual Meeting of Canadian Mineral Processors’ Conference, Ottawa.
  • Laplante A. R., Gray, S., 2005. Developments in Mineral Processing. Advances in Gold Ore Processing, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 280-307. ISBN 978-044-451-730-2.
  • Linge, H. G., 1992. New Technology for Refractory Gold Ores. International Conference on Extractive Metallurgy of Gold and Base Metals, Kalgoorlie, Aus.I.M.M., 339-343.
  • MTA, 2011. Ordu City Mining and Energy Resources Report. General Directorate of Research and Explorations, Ankara. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, 2015. Ordu ili maden ve enerji̇ kaynakları komisyon raporu, Ankara.
  • Oats, W. J., Ozdemir, O., Nguyen, A. V., 2010. Effect of Mechanical and Chemical Clay Removals by Hydrocyclone and Dispersants on Coal Flotation. Minerals Engineering, 23 (5), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. mineng.2009.12.002.
  • Pohl, W., 2011. Economic Geology, Principles and Practice: Metals, Minerals, Coal and Hydrocarbons: Introduction to Formation and Sustainable Exploitation of Mineral Deposits. ISBN 978-144-433-662-7. DOI 10.1002/9781444394870.
  • Saikia, N. J., Bharali, D. J., Sengupta, P., Bordoloi, D., Goswamee, R. L., Saikia, P. C., Borthakur, P. C., 2003.
  • Characterization, Beneficiation and Utilization of a Kaolinite Clay from Assam, India. Applied Clay Science., 24 (1–2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(03)00151-0.
  • Yaylali-Abanuz, G., Tuysuz, N., 2010. Chemical, Mineralogical, and Mass-Change Examinations Across a Gold Bearing Vein Zone in the Akoluk Area, Ordu, NE Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 187 (1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077- 7757/2010/0157.

ALTIN VE KİL İÇEREN SÜLFÜRLÜ MİNERALLER İÇİN AKIM ŞEMASI GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMALARI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 189 - 196, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.620665

Öz

Bu çalışmada, altın ve kil içeren sülfürlü bir cevher için akım şeması geliştirme ve ekonomik
yaklaşım çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç için daha önce yürütülen zenginleştirme
çalışmalarının sonuçları kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak cevherden kil ayırma çalışmaları yürütülmüştür.
Bir sonraki adımda ise, altın içeren bir ön konsantre elde edilmesi için farklı öğütme boylarında
doğrudan liç, yerçekimiyle zenginleştirme ve flotasyon yöntemleri test edilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır.
Test sonuçlarına göre, cevherin ağırlıkça %34’ü seramik endüstrisinde kullanıma uygun şekilde
kil konsantresi olarak ayrılmıştır. Yerçekimiyle zenginleştirme ve flotasyon testlerinden farklı ön
konsantreler elde edilmiştir. Olası akım şeması alternatifleri karşılaştırılmış ve tartışılmıştır. Ürün
özellikleri ekonomik ve çevresel etkiler açısından tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, liç uygulanmadan
flotasyon ile elde edilen Au konsantresinin daha ekonomik olabileceği kararlaştırılmıştır. Bu
yöntemde cevherin %34’ü yan ürün olarak üretilebilmektedir. 77,77 g/t Au tenörlü bir ön konsantre
%70,05 altın verimi ile elde edilebilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alp, I., Celep, O., Tuysuz, N., Vicil, M., Lermi, A., 2003. Mineralojik Yapının Cevher Zenginleştirme İşlemine Etkisi : Mastra ve Kaletas (Gumushane) Altın Cevherleri Üzerine Örnek Calışma. Proceedings of the 18th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, Antalya: TMMOB, 147-154.
  • Ancia, P. H., Frenay, J., Dandois, P. H., 1997. Comparison of the Knelson and Falcon Centrifugal Separators. Innovation in Physical Separation Technologies, IMM Conference, Falmouth, 53-62.
  • Anon, 2017. Precious Metals Investment, Prices and Stocks. InvestmentMine, www.infomine.com/investment/ precious-metals/.
  • Boylu, F., Cinku, K., Esenli, F., Çelik, M. S., 2010. The Separation Efficiency of Na-bentonite by Hydrocyclone and Characterization of Hydrocyclone Products. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 94 (3–4), 196-202. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2009.12.004.
  • Bulatovic, S. M., Wyslouzil, D.M., 1996. Flotation Behavior of Gold during Processing of Porphyry Copper-Gold Ores and Refractory Gold-Bearing Sulphides. 2nd International Gold Symposium, Lima, 166.
  • Conelly, D., 2011. High Clay Ores A Mineral Processing Nightmare. Australian Journal of Mining, 28-29.
  • Dulaney, L. B., Theobold, E. F., 1974. Method of Producing Kaolin Clay from Ore Having Silica Sand Content. US Patent No: US3856213A, USA.
  • Farrokhpay, S., 2011. The Significance of Froth Stability in Mineral Flotation A Review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 166 (1-2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cis.2011.03.001.
  • Farrokhpay, S., Bradshaw, D., 2012. Effect of Clay Minerals on Froth Stability in Mineral Flotation: A Review. 26th International Mineral Processing Congress: Innovative Processing for Sustainable Growth, New Delhi, 4601- 4611. ISBN: 81-901714-3-7.
  • Gucbilmez, D., Ozcan, O., Ekmekci, Z., 2014. Beneficiation of Gold from Sulphide Ore with High Clay Content. 14th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Kusadasi, 695-702. ISBN 978-975-441-436-3.
  • Gul, A., Kangal, O., Sirkeci, A. A., Onal, G., 2012. Beneficiation of the Gold Bearing Ore by Gravity and Flotation. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 19 (2), 106-110.
  • Kogel, J. E., Trivedi, N. C., Barker, J. M., Krukowski, S. T., 2006. Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses.
  • La Brooy, S. R., Linge, H. G., Walker, G. S., 1994. Review of Gold Extraction from Ores. Minerals Engineering, 7 (10), 1213-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875 (94) 90114-7.
  • Laplante, A. R., 1993. A Comparison of Two Centrifugal Concentrators. Annual Meeting of Canadian Mineral Processors’ Conference, Ottawa.
  • Laplante A. R., Gray, S., 2005. Developments in Mineral Processing. Advances in Gold Ore Processing, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 280-307. ISBN 978-044-451-730-2.
  • Linge, H. G., 1992. New Technology for Refractory Gold Ores. International Conference on Extractive Metallurgy of Gold and Base Metals, Kalgoorlie, Aus.I.M.M., 339-343.
  • MTA, 2011. Ordu City Mining and Energy Resources Report. General Directorate of Research and Explorations, Ankara. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, 2015. Ordu ili maden ve enerji̇ kaynakları komisyon raporu, Ankara.
  • Oats, W. J., Ozdemir, O., Nguyen, A. V., 2010. Effect of Mechanical and Chemical Clay Removals by Hydrocyclone and Dispersants on Coal Flotation. Minerals Engineering, 23 (5), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. mineng.2009.12.002.
  • Pohl, W., 2011. Economic Geology, Principles and Practice: Metals, Minerals, Coal and Hydrocarbons: Introduction to Formation and Sustainable Exploitation of Mineral Deposits. ISBN 978-144-433-662-7. DOI 10.1002/9781444394870.
  • Saikia, N. J., Bharali, D. J., Sengupta, P., Bordoloi, D., Goswamee, R. L., Saikia, P. C., Borthakur, P. C., 2003.
  • Characterization, Beneficiation and Utilization of a Kaolinite Clay from Assam, India. Applied Clay Science., 24 (1–2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(03)00151-0.
  • Yaylali-Abanuz, G., Tuysuz, N., 2010. Chemical, Mineralogical, and Mass-Change Examinations Across a Gold Bearing Vein Zone in the Akoluk Area, Ordu, NE Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 187 (1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077- 7757/2010/0157.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Damla İzerdem Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9573-4549

Özgür Özcan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6177-4585

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA İzerdem, D., & Özcan, Ö. (2019). FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 58(3), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.620665
AMA İzerdem D, Özcan Ö. FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES. Madencilik. Eylül 2019;58(3):189-196. doi:10.30797/madencilik.620665
Chicago İzerdem, Damla, ve Özgür Özcan. “FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES”. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 58, sy. 3 (Eylül 2019): 189-96. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.620665.
EndNote İzerdem D, Özcan Ö (01 Eylül 2019) FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 58 3 189–196.
IEEE D. İzerdem ve Ö. Özcan, “FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES”, Madencilik, c. 58, sy. 3, ss. 189–196, 2019, doi: 10.30797/madencilik.620665.
ISNAD İzerdem, Damla - Özcan, Özgür. “FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES”. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 58/3 (Eylül 2019), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.620665.
JAMA İzerdem D, Özcan Ö. FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES. Madencilik. 2019;58:189–196.
MLA İzerdem, Damla ve Özgür Özcan. “FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES”. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, c. 58, sy. 3, 2019, ss. 189-96, doi:10.30797/madencilik.620665.
Vancouver İzerdem D, Özcan Ö. FLOWSHEET DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FOR GOLD AND CLAY CONTAINING SULPHIDE ORES. Madencilik. 2019;58(3):189-96.

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