Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 60 Sayı: 2, 77 - 82, 01.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.868572

Öz

Recent advances in high-tech applications have highlighted the growing demand on highly pure silicates like quartz. Therefore, purification of quartz ore was determined as the subject of this study performed by pyrometallurgical followed by hydrometallurgical processes. In this research, the effect of thermal treatment (TT) followed by oxalic acid (OA) bleaching of quartz was examined to have a better understanding on the relationship between Fe remaining in concentrate and colour response. The level of TT temperature was found to have a significant effect on the purification of quartz by OA. The maximum Fe rejection rate was observed to occur both for non-treated and TT quartz up to 250°C. TT between 400°C and 900°C showed poor purification performance: decreasing L* value, and increasing a* and b* values. It is important to note that further increase in TT temperature to 1100°C resulted in the poorest bleaching: Fe rejection rate decreased, but colour response improved providing the highest L* value and the lowest a* and b* values. This finding was explained by the formation of dissolution resistant iron silicates. Moreover, the rate of Fe removal from quartz ore and differences observed in its colour response by OA bleaching were explained by changes in crystalline structure and formation of microcracks.

Kaynakça

  • Abbruzzese, C., Bonney, C.F., Criscuoli P., Cucca, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., De Hoop, K., Kaloidas, V., Paspaliaris, I., Petrakakis, M., Ullu, F. and Vegli Vegliò, F., 1999. Removal of iron from quartz: development of a continuous organic acid leach/effluent treatment system "QUARTZTREAT", In: I. Paspaliaris, M. Taxiarchou, A. Adjemian, and G. Katalagarianakis (Editors), Proceeding of the Second Annual Workshop (Eurothen '99), Cagliari, Italy.
  • Abbruzzese, C., Bonney, C.F., Criscuoli P., Cucca, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., De Hoop, K., Kaloidas, V., Paspaliaris, I., Petrakakis, M., Ullu, F. and Vegli Vegliò, F., 1999. Removal of iron from quartz: development of a continuous organic acid leach/effluent treatment system "QUARTZTREAT", In: I. Paspaliaris, M. Taxiarchou, A. Adjemian, and G. Katalagarianakis (Editors), Proceeding of the Second Annual Workshop (Eurothen '99), Cagliari, Italy.
  • Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., 2000. Effect of organic acids on ferric iron removal from iron-stained kaolinite. Appl. Clay Sci. 16, 133–145.
  • Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., 2000. Effect of organic acids on ferric iron removal from iron-stained kaolinite. Appl. Clay Sci. 16, 133–145.
  • Baarson, R.E., Ray, C.L., Treweek, H.B., 1962. Plant practice in nonmetallic flotation. In: Fuerstenau, D.W. (Ed.), Froth Flotation, 50th Anniversary Volume, SME, AIMME, New York.
  • Baarson, R.E., Ray, C.L., Treweek, H.B., 1962. Plant practice in nonmetallic flotation. In: Fuerstenau, D.W. (Ed.), Froth Flotation, 50th Anniversary Volume, SME, AIMME, New York.
  • Banza, A.N., Quindt, J., Gock, E. 2006. Improvement of the quartz sand processing at Hohenbocka. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79(1), 76-82.
  • Banza, A.N., Quindt, J., Gock, E. 2006. Improvement of the quartz sand processing at Hohenbocka. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79(1), 76-82.
  • Bas, A.D., 2021. Quartz bleaching by phosphoric acid: An investigation on the relationship between Fe rejection rate and colour response. Minerals Engineering, 161, 106739.
  • Bas, A.D., 2021. Quartz bleaching by phosphoric acid: An investigation on the relationship between Fe rejection rate and colour response. Minerals Engineering, 161, 106739.
  • Baumgartner, E., Blesa, M.A., Marinovich, H., Maroto, A.J.G. 1983. Heterogeneous electron transfer as a pathway in the dissolution of magnetite in oxalic acid solutions. Inorg. Chem. 22, 2224-2226.
  • Baumgartner, E., Blesa, M.A., Marinovich, H., Maroto, A.J.G. 1983. Heterogeneous electron transfer as a pathway in the dissolution of magnetite in oxalic acid solutions. Inorg. Chem. 22, 2224-2226.
  • Bayraktar, İ., Ersayın, S., Gülsoy, Ö.Y., 1998. Magnetic separation and flotation of albite ore. In: Atak, S., Önal, G., Çelik, M.S., (Eds.), Proc. 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Turkey, 315–318.
  • Bayraktar, İ., Ersayın, S., Gülsoy, Ö.Y., 1998. Magnetic separation and flotation of albite ore. In: Atak, S., Önal, G., Çelik, M.S., (Eds.), Proc. 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Turkey, 315–318.
  • Bonney, C. Kantopoulos, A., Paspallaris, I., Taxiarhou, M., Baudet, G., Bizi, M., Schultz, G., Marabini, A., Vegliò, F., Plescia, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., Tarasova, I., Narayanan, A., 1996. Removal of iron from industrial minerals: Mechanisms of dissolution and precipitation synthesis report. Mineral Industry Research Organization.
  • Bonney, C. Kantopoulos, A., Paspallaris, I., Taxiarhou, M., Baudet, G., Bizi, M., Schultz, G., Marabini, A., Vegliò, F., Plescia, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., Tarasova, I., Narayanan, A., 1996. Removal of iron from industrial minerals: Mechanisms of dissolution and precipitation synthesis report. Mineral Industry Research Organization.
  • Cornell, R.M., Schindler, P.W., 1987. Photochemical dissolution of goethite in acid/oxalate solution. Clays Clay Mineral, 35(5), 347-352.
  • Cornell, R.M., Schindler, P.W., 1987. Photochemical dissolution of goethite in acid/oxalate solution. Clays Clay Mineral, 35(5), 347-352.
  • Çelik, M.S., Can, I., Eren, R.H., 1998. Removal of titanium impurities from feldspar ores by new flotation collectors. Minerals Engineering, 11 (12), 1201–1208.
  • Çelik, M.S., Can, I., Eren, R.H., 1998. Removal of titanium impurities from feldspar ores by new flotation collectors. Minerals Engineering, 11 (12), 1201–1208.
  • Çelik, M.S., Pehlivanoğlu, B., Aslanbaş, A., Asmatülü, R., 2001. Flotation of colored impurities from feldspar ores. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 18 (2), 101–105.
  • Çelik, M.S., Pehlivanoğlu, B., Aslanbaş, A., Asmatülü, R., 2001. Flotation of colored impurities from feldspar ores. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 18 (2), 101–105.
  • Dong, X., Xiong, Y., Wang, N., Song, Z., Yang, J., Qiu, X., Zhu, L., 2020. Determination of trace elements in high-purity quartz samples by ICPOES and ICP-MS: A normal-pressure digestion pretreatment method for eliminating unfavorable substrate Si. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1110, 11-18
  • Dong, X., Xiong, Y., Wang, N., Song, Z., Yang, J., Qiu, X., Zhu, L., 2020. Determination of trace elements in high-purity quartz samples by ICPOES and ICP-MS: A normal-pressure digestion pretreatment method for eliminating unfavorable substrate Si. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1110, 11-18
  • Du, F., Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Zhang, Z.Z., 2011. Improvement of iron removal from silica sand using ultra-assisted oxalic acid. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18, 389–393.
  • Du, F., Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Zhang, Z.Z., 2011. Improvement of iron removal from silica sand using ultra-assisted oxalic acid. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18, 389–393.
  • Eddy, W.H., Collins, E.W., Browning, J.S., Sullivan, G.V., 1972. Recovery of feldspar and glass sand from South Carolina waste granite fines. US Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 7651, Washington.
  • Eddy, W.H., Collins, E.W., Browning, J.S., Sullivan, G.V., 1972. Recovery of feldspar and glass sand from South Carolina waste granite fines. US Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 7651, Washington.
  • El-Rehiem, F.H., and Abd El-Rahman, M.K. 2008. Removal of colouring materials from Egyptian albite ore. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section C, 117(3), 171-174.
  • El-Rehiem, F.H., and Abd El-Rahman, M.K. 2008. Removal of colouring materials from Egyptian albite ore. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section C, 117(3), 171-174.
  • Field, G.G. 2004. Color and its reproduction. Pittsburgh, PA: Graphic Arts Technical Foundation.
  • Field, G.G. 2004. Color and its reproduction. Pittsburgh, PA: Graphic Arts Technical Foundation.
  • Ghorbani, A., Haghi, H. 2009. Iron removal from Choghaie Feldspar Mine by flotation. Proceedings of 7th Industrial Minerals Symposium and Exhibition. 25-27 February 2009, Turkey, 202-206.
  • Ghorbani, A., Haghi, H. 2009. Iron removal from Choghaie Feldspar Mine by flotation. Proceedings of 7th Industrial Minerals Symposium and Exhibition. 25-27 February 2009, Turkey, 202-206.
  • Gomez-Heras, M., Smith, B.J., Fort, R., 2008. Influence of surface heterogeneities of building granite on its thermal microenvironment and its potential for the generation of thermal weathering. Environ Geol., 56, 547–560.
  • Gomez-Heras, M., Smith, B.J., Fort, R., 2008. Influence of surface heterogeneities of building granite on its thermal microenvironment and its potential for the generation of thermal weathering. Environ Geol., 56, 547–560.
  • Green, P. 1999. Understanding digital color (2nd ed.). GATF Press.
  • Green, P. 1999. Understanding digital color (2nd ed.). GATF Press.
  • Hajpa´l, M., Török, A´., 2004. Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heating. Environmental Geology, 46, 311-322.
  • Hajpa´l, M., Török, A´., 2004. Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heating. Environmental Geology, 46, 311-322.
  • Huang, H., Li, J., Li, X., Zhang, Z. 2013. Iron removal from extremely fine quartz and its kinetics. Separation and Purification Technology, 108, 43-50.
  • Huang, H., Li, J., Li, X., Zhang, Z. 2013. Iron removal from extremely fine quartz and its kinetics. Separation and Purification Technology, 108, 43-50.
  • Kompaníková, Z., Gomez-Heras, M., Michňová, J., Durmeková, T., Vlčko, J. 2014. Sandstone alterations triggered by fire-related temperatues. Environ. Earth Sci. 72, 2569-2581.
  • Kompaníková, Z., Gomez-Heras, M., Michňová, J., Durmeková, T., Vlčko, J. 2014. Sandstone alterations triggered by fire-related temperatues. Environ. Earth Sci. 72, 2569-2581.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1997. Iron removal of clay mineral with oxalic acid. Journal of MMI of Japan, 113 (11), 847-851.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1997. Iron removal of clay mineral with oxalic acid. Journal of MMI of Japan, 113 (11), 847-851.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1999. Dissolution of iron oxide rust materials using oxalic acid, Journal of MMI of Japan, 115(11), 815-819.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1999. Dissolution of iron oxide rust materials using oxalic acid, Journal of MMI of Japan, 115(11), 815-819.
  • Lee, S.O., Tran, T., Jung B.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J., 2007. Dissolution of iron oxide using oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 87, 91-99.
  • Lee, S.O., Tran, T., Jung B.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J., 2007. Dissolution of iron oxide using oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 87, 91-99.
  • Lee, S-O., Tran, T., Park, Y-Y., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J. 2006. Study on the kinetics of iron oxide leaching by oxalic acid. Int. J. Miner. Process. 80, 144-152.
  • Lee, S-O., Tran, T., Park, Y-Y., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J. 2006. Study on the kinetics of iron oxide leaching by oxalic acid. Int. J. Miner. Process. 80, 144-152.
  • Li, F., Jiang, X., Zuo, Q., Li, J., Ban, B., Chen, J. 2020. Purification mechanism of quartz sand by combination of microwave heating and ultrasoudn assisted acid leaching treatment. Silicon, DOI: 10.1007/s12633-020-00457-7.
  • Li, F., Jiang, X., Zuo, Q., Li, J., Ban, B., Chen, J. 2020. Purification mechanism of quartz sand by combination of microwave heating and ultrasoudn assisted acid leaching treatment. Silicon, DOI: 10.1007/s12633-020-00457-7.
  • Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Shen, O., Zhang, Z.Z., Du, F.H., 2010. Further purification of industrial quartz by much milder conditions and a harmless method. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 7673–7677.
  • Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Shen, O., Zhang, Z.Z., Du, F.H., 2010. Further purification of industrial quartz by much milder conditions and a harmless method. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 7673–7677.
  • Lin, M. Lei, S., Pei, Z., Liu, Y., Xia, Z., Xie, F. 2018. Application of hydrometallurgy techniques in quartz processing and purification: a review. Metall. Res. Technol. 15, 303.
  • Lin, M. Lei, S., Pei, Z., Liu, Y., Xia, Z., Xie, F. 2018. Application of hydrometallurgy techniques in quartz processing and purification: a review. Metall. Res. Technol. 15, 303.
  • Lin, M., Liu, Z., Wei, Y., Meng, Y., Qiu, H., Lei, S., Zhang, X., Li, Y. 2020. A critical review on the mineralogy and processing for high-grade quartz. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 37, 1627–1639
  • Lin, M., Liu, Z., Wei, Y., Meng, Y., Qiu, H., Lei, S., Zhang, X., Li, Y. 2020. A critical review on the mineralogy and processing for high-grade quartz. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 37, 1627–1639
  • Litter, M.I., & Blesa, M.A. 1988. Photodissolution of iron oxides: I. Maghemite in EDTA solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 125(2), 679-687.
  • Litter, M.I., & Blesa, M.A. 1988. Photodissolution of iron oxides: I. Maghemite in EDTA solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 125(2), 679-687.
  • Loritsch, K.B., James, R.D. 1990. Purified qaurtz and process for purifying quartz. US4983370A.
  • Loritsch, K.B., James, R.D. 1990. Purified qaurtz and process for purifying quartz. US4983370A.
  • Mohammed, M.M.A., Güler, T., Polat, E., Çetin, N., Kuşçu, Ü., 2019. Quartz bleaching by oxalic acid: Relationship between rejection rate of impurities and color response. Proceedings of International Mining Congress & Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET 2019). Antalya. 957-964.
  • Mohammed, M.M.A., Güler, T., Polat, E., Çetin, N., Kuşçu, Ü., 2019. Quartz bleaching by oxalic acid: Relationship between rejection rate of impurities and color response. Proceedings of International Mining Congress & Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET 2019). Antalya. 957-964.
  • Müller, A., Wanvik, J.E., Ihlen, P.M., 2012. Petrological and chemical characterisation of high-purity quartz deposits with examples from Norway. In: Quartz: Deposits, Mineralogy and Analytics, J. Götze and R. Möckel (eds), Springer Geology, 71-118.
  • Müller, A., Wanvik, J.E., Ihlen, P.M., 2012. Petrological and chemical characterisation of high-purity quartz deposits with examples from Norway. In: Quartz: Deposits, Mineralogy and Analytics, J. Götze and R. Möckel (eds), Springer Geology, 71-118.
  • Nwoye, C.I., Imah, A.A., Okelekwe, N.M., Nwogo, O.J., Okeahialam, S., 2020. Open system leaching of iron ore in oxalic acid solution and predictability of final solution pH based on initial solution pH and leaching time. World Journal of Chemistry 15(1), 24-29.
  • Nwoye, C.I., Imah, A.A., Okelekwe, N.M., Nwogo, O.J., Okeahialam, S., 2020. Open system leaching of iron ore in oxalic acid solution and predictability of final solution pH based on initial solution pH and leaching time. World Journal of Chemistry 15(1), 24-29.
  • Orhan, E.C., Bayraktar, İ. 2006. Amine-oleate interactions in feldspar flotation. Minerals Engineering. 19, 48-55.
  • Orhan, E.C., Bayraktar, İ. 2006. Amine-oleate interactions in feldspar flotation. Minerals Engineering. 19, 48-55.
  • Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A. 1996. Thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of iron oxides: dissolution in oxalic acid. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 35(4), 363-373.
  • Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A. 1996. Thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of iron oxides: dissolution in oxalic acid. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 35(4), 363-373.
  • Patent, 2014. Method for producing high-purity quartz sand. Patent No. CN103964444A. Retrieved on Dec 29, 2020 from https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103964444A/en
  • Patent, 2014. Method for producing high-purity quartz sand. Patent No. CN103964444A. Retrieved on Dec 29, 2020 from https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103964444A/en
  • Sarvamangala, H., Natarajan, K.A. 2011. Microbially induced flotation of alumina, silica/calcite from haematite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 99(1-4), 70-77.
  • Sarvamangala, H., Natarajan, K.A. 2011. Microbially induced flotation of alumina, silica/calcite from haematite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 99(1-4), 70-77.
  • Suarez, L., Schneider, J., Houbaert, Y. 2008. High-temperature oxidation of Fe- Si alloys in the temperature range 900-1250°C. Defect and Diffusion Forum, 273(276), 661-666.
  • Suarez, L., Schneider, J., Houbaert, Y. 2008. High-temperature oxidation of Fe- Si alloys in the temperature range 900-1250°C. Defect and Diffusion Forum, 273(276), 661-666.
  • Taxiarchou, M., Panias, D., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A., 1997. Removal of iron from silica sand by leaching with oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 46, 215–227.
  • Taxiarchou, M., Panias, D., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A., 1997. Removal of iron from silica sand by leaching with oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 46, 215–227.
  • Torres, R., Blesa, M.A., Matijevic, E. 1989. Interactions of metal hydrous oxides with chelating agents: VIII. Dissolution of hematite. Journal of colloid and interface science, 131(2), 567-579.
  • Torres, R., Blesa, M.A., Matijevic, E. 1989. Interactions of metal hydrous oxides with chelating agents: VIII. Dissolution of hematite. Journal of colloid and interface science, 131(2), 567-579.
  • Tuncuk, A., Akcil, A., 2016. Iron removal in production of purified quartz by hydrometallurgical process. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 153, 1-29.
  • Tuncuk, A., Akcil, A., 2016. Iron removal in production of purified quartz by hydrometallurgical process. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 153, 1-29.
  • Ubaldini, S., Piga, L., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. 1996. Removal of iron from quartz sands: A study by column leaching using a complete factorial design. Hydrometallurgy, 40(3), 369-379.
  • Ubaldini, S., Piga, L., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. 1996. Removal of iron from quartz sands: A study by column leaching using a complete factorial design. Hydrometallurgy, 40(3), 369-379.
  • Vapur, H., Top, S., Demirci, S. 2017. Purification of feldspar from colored impurities using organic acids. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 53(1), 150–160.
  • Vapur, H., Top, S., Demirci, S. 2017. Purification of feldspar from colored impurities using organic acids. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 53(1), 150–160.
  • Vatalis, K.I., Charalambides,G., Benetis, N.P., 2015. Market of high purity quartz innovative applications. Procedia Economics and Finance 24, 734-742.
  • Vatalis, K.I., Charalambides,G., Benetis, N.P., 2015. Market of high purity quartz innovative applications. Procedia Economics and Finance 24, 734-742.
  • Vegliò, F, Passariello, B., Barbaro, M., Plescia, P., Marabini, A.M., 1998. Drum leaching tests in iron removal from quartz using oxalic and sulphuric acids. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 54(3-4), 183-200.
  • Vegliò, F, Passariello, B., Barbaro, M., Plescia, P., Marabini, A.M., 1998. Drum leaching tests in iron removal from quartz using oxalic and sulphuric acids. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 54(3-4), 183-200.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Abbruzzese, C., 1999. Iron removal process for high-purity silica sands production by oxalic acid leaching. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 4443–4448.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Abbruzzese, C., 1999. Iron removal process for high-purity silica sands production by oxalic acid leaching. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 4443–4448.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Toro, L., Marabini, A.M. 1996. Development of a bleaching process for a kaolin of industrial interest by oxalic, ascorbic, and sulfuric acids: preliminary study using statistical methods of experimental design. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(5), 1680-1687.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Toro, L., Marabini, A.M. 1996. Development of a bleaching process for a kaolin of industrial interest by oxalic, ascorbic, and sulfuric acids: preliminary study using statistical methods of experimental design. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(5), 1680-1687.
  • Viscarra Rossel, R.A., Minasny, B., Roudier, P., McBratney, A.B., 2006. Color space models for soil science. Geoderma, 133, 320-337.
  • Viscarra Rossel, R.A., Minasny, B., Roudier, P., McBratney, A.B., 2006. Color space models for soil science. Geoderma, 133, 320-337.
  • Vodyanitskii, Yu.N., Savichev, A.T., 2017. The influence of organic matter on soil color using the regression equations of optical parameters in the system CIE-L*a*b*. Annals of Agrarian Science. 15, 380-385.
  • Vodyanitskii, Yu.N., Savichev, A.T., 2017. The influence of organic matter on soil color using the regression equations of optical parameters in the system CIE-L*a*b*. Annals of Agrarian Science. 15, 380-385.
  • Yan, L.G., Yu, Y.J., Song, S.S., Nan, H.L., Cheng, Y.L., Li, X.M., Kong, Q.W., Dai, Y.M. 1987. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yan, L.G., Yu, Y.J., Song, S.S., Nan, H.L., Cheng, Y.L., Li, X.M., Kong, Q.W., Dai, Y.M. 1987. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yang, C., Li, S., Bai, J., Han, S. 2018. Advanced Purification of industrial quartz using Calcination pretreatment combined with ultrasound-assisted leaching. Acta Geodyn. Geomater, 15(2), 187-195.
  • Yang, C., Li, S., Bai, J., Han, S. 2018. Advanced Purification of industrial quartz using Calcination pretreatment combined with ultrasound-assisted leaching. Acta Geodyn. Geomater, 15(2), 187-195.
  • Yang, C-Q, Li, S-Q. 2020. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yang, C-Q, Li, S-Q. 2020. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yanjie, L., Huiqing, P., Mingzhen, H. 2013. Removing iron by magnetic separation from a potash feldspar ore. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 362-366.
  • Yanjie, L., Huiqing, P., Mingzhen, H. 2013. Removing iron by magnetic separation from a potash feldspar ore. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 362-366.
  • Zhang, Z., Li, J., Li, X., Huang, H., Zhou, L., Xiong, T. 2012. High efficiency iron removal from quartz sand using phosphoric acid. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 114, 30-34.
  • Zhang, Z., Li, J., Li, X., Huang, H., Zhou, L., Xiong, T. 2012. High efficiency iron removal from quartz sand using phosphoric acid. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 114, 30-34.

KUVARS CEVHERİ SAFLAŞTIRILMASINA PİROMETALURJİK VE HİDROMETALURJİK PROSESLERİN BİLEŞKE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 60 Sayı: 2, 77 - 82, 01.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.868572

Öz

Yüksek teknoloji uygulamalarındaki güncel gelişmeler, yüksek saflıkta kuvars gibi silikatlara olan artan talebi gözler önüne sermiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın konusu pirometalurjik ve devamında hidrometalurjik uygulamalarla kuvars cevherinin saflaştırılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, konsantre Fe tenorü ile renk değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi daha iyi anlamak için kuvarsın termal işlem ve ardından oksalik asit (OA) ile ağartılması araştırılmıştır. Termal işlem sıcaklığının kuvarsın OA ile ağartılması üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Hem termal işlem görmemiş hem de 250°C'ye kadar sıcaklıklarda termal işlem görmüş kuvarstan en yüksek oranda Fe uzaklaştırıldığı gözlenmiştir. 400°C - 900°C arası sıcaklıklarda gerçekleştirilen termal işlem sonucu en başarısız saflaştırma performansları gözlenmiştir: L* değeri düşmüş, a* ve b* değerleri artmıştır. Termal işlem sıcaklığının 1100°C’ye artırılması sonucu ağartma başarısız olmuş: en düşük oranda Fe uzaklaştırılırken, buna karşın en yüksek L* değeri ve en düşük a* ve b* değerlerini sağlayan en başarılı renk değerlerine ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgu çözünmeye dirençli demir silikatların oluşumu ile açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca kuvars cevherinden okzalik asit liçi ile demir uzaklaştırma oranı ve renk değerlerinde gözlenen farklılıklar; termal işlem sonucu kristalin yapıdaki değişiklikler ve mikro çatlakların oluşumu ile açıklanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbruzzese, C., Bonney, C.F., Criscuoli P., Cucca, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., De Hoop, K., Kaloidas, V., Paspaliaris, I., Petrakakis, M., Ullu, F. and Vegli Vegliò, F., 1999. Removal of iron from quartz: development of a continuous organic acid leach/effluent treatment system "QUARTZTREAT", In: I. Paspaliaris, M. Taxiarchou, A. Adjemian, and G. Katalagarianakis (Editors), Proceeding of the Second Annual Workshop (Eurothen '99), Cagliari, Italy.
  • Abbruzzese, C., Bonney, C.F., Criscuoli P., Cucca, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., De Hoop, K., Kaloidas, V., Paspaliaris, I., Petrakakis, M., Ullu, F. and Vegli Vegliò, F., 1999. Removal of iron from quartz: development of a continuous organic acid leach/effluent treatment system "QUARTZTREAT", In: I. Paspaliaris, M. Taxiarchou, A. Adjemian, and G. Katalagarianakis (Editors), Proceeding of the Second Annual Workshop (Eurothen '99), Cagliari, Italy.
  • Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., 2000. Effect of organic acids on ferric iron removal from iron-stained kaolinite. Appl. Clay Sci. 16, 133–145.
  • Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., 2000. Effect of organic acids on ferric iron removal from iron-stained kaolinite. Appl. Clay Sci. 16, 133–145.
  • Baarson, R.E., Ray, C.L., Treweek, H.B., 1962. Plant practice in nonmetallic flotation. In: Fuerstenau, D.W. (Ed.), Froth Flotation, 50th Anniversary Volume, SME, AIMME, New York.
  • Baarson, R.E., Ray, C.L., Treweek, H.B., 1962. Plant practice in nonmetallic flotation. In: Fuerstenau, D.W. (Ed.), Froth Flotation, 50th Anniversary Volume, SME, AIMME, New York.
  • Banza, A.N., Quindt, J., Gock, E. 2006. Improvement of the quartz sand processing at Hohenbocka. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79(1), 76-82.
  • Banza, A.N., Quindt, J., Gock, E. 2006. Improvement of the quartz sand processing at Hohenbocka. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79(1), 76-82.
  • Bas, A.D., 2021. Quartz bleaching by phosphoric acid: An investigation on the relationship between Fe rejection rate and colour response. Minerals Engineering, 161, 106739.
  • Bas, A.D., 2021. Quartz bleaching by phosphoric acid: An investigation on the relationship between Fe rejection rate and colour response. Minerals Engineering, 161, 106739.
  • Baumgartner, E., Blesa, M.A., Marinovich, H., Maroto, A.J.G. 1983. Heterogeneous electron transfer as a pathway in the dissolution of magnetite in oxalic acid solutions. Inorg. Chem. 22, 2224-2226.
  • Baumgartner, E., Blesa, M.A., Marinovich, H., Maroto, A.J.G. 1983. Heterogeneous electron transfer as a pathway in the dissolution of magnetite in oxalic acid solutions. Inorg. Chem. 22, 2224-2226.
  • Bayraktar, İ., Ersayın, S., Gülsoy, Ö.Y., 1998. Magnetic separation and flotation of albite ore. In: Atak, S., Önal, G., Çelik, M.S., (Eds.), Proc. 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Turkey, 315–318.
  • Bayraktar, İ., Ersayın, S., Gülsoy, Ö.Y., 1998. Magnetic separation and flotation of albite ore. In: Atak, S., Önal, G., Çelik, M.S., (Eds.), Proc. 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Turkey, 315–318.
  • Bonney, C. Kantopoulos, A., Paspallaris, I., Taxiarhou, M., Baudet, G., Bizi, M., Schultz, G., Marabini, A., Vegliò, F., Plescia, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., Tarasova, I., Narayanan, A., 1996. Removal of iron from industrial minerals: Mechanisms of dissolution and precipitation synthesis report. Mineral Industry Research Organization.
  • Bonney, C. Kantopoulos, A., Paspallaris, I., Taxiarhou, M., Baudet, G., Bizi, M., Schultz, G., Marabini, A., Vegliò, F., Plescia, P., Dudeney, A.W.L., Tarasova, I., Narayanan, A., 1996. Removal of iron from industrial minerals: Mechanisms of dissolution and precipitation synthesis report. Mineral Industry Research Organization.
  • Cornell, R.M., Schindler, P.W., 1987. Photochemical dissolution of goethite in acid/oxalate solution. Clays Clay Mineral, 35(5), 347-352.
  • Cornell, R.M., Schindler, P.W., 1987. Photochemical dissolution of goethite in acid/oxalate solution. Clays Clay Mineral, 35(5), 347-352.
  • Çelik, M.S., Can, I., Eren, R.H., 1998. Removal of titanium impurities from feldspar ores by new flotation collectors. Minerals Engineering, 11 (12), 1201–1208.
  • Çelik, M.S., Can, I., Eren, R.H., 1998. Removal of titanium impurities from feldspar ores by new flotation collectors. Minerals Engineering, 11 (12), 1201–1208.
  • Çelik, M.S., Pehlivanoğlu, B., Aslanbaş, A., Asmatülü, R., 2001. Flotation of colored impurities from feldspar ores. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 18 (2), 101–105.
  • Çelik, M.S., Pehlivanoğlu, B., Aslanbaş, A., Asmatülü, R., 2001. Flotation of colored impurities from feldspar ores. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 18 (2), 101–105.
  • Dong, X., Xiong, Y., Wang, N., Song, Z., Yang, J., Qiu, X., Zhu, L., 2020. Determination of trace elements in high-purity quartz samples by ICPOES and ICP-MS: A normal-pressure digestion pretreatment method for eliminating unfavorable substrate Si. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1110, 11-18
  • Dong, X., Xiong, Y., Wang, N., Song, Z., Yang, J., Qiu, X., Zhu, L., 2020. Determination of trace elements in high-purity quartz samples by ICPOES and ICP-MS: A normal-pressure digestion pretreatment method for eliminating unfavorable substrate Si. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1110, 11-18
  • Du, F., Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Zhang, Z.Z., 2011. Improvement of iron removal from silica sand using ultra-assisted oxalic acid. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18, 389–393.
  • Du, F., Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Zhang, Z.Z., 2011. Improvement of iron removal from silica sand using ultra-assisted oxalic acid. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18, 389–393.
  • Eddy, W.H., Collins, E.W., Browning, J.S., Sullivan, G.V., 1972. Recovery of feldspar and glass sand from South Carolina waste granite fines. US Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 7651, Washington.
  • Eddy, W.H., Collins, E.W., Browning, J.S., Sullivan, G.V., 1972. Recovery of feldspar and glass sand from South Carolina waste granite fines. US Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 7651, Washington.
  • El-Rehiem, F.H., and Abd El-Rahman, M.K. 2008. Removal of colouring materials from Egyptian albite ore. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section C, 117(3), 171-174.
  • El-Rehiem, F.H., and Abd El-Rahman, M.K. 2008. Removal of colouring materials from Egyptian albite ore. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section C, 117(3), 171-174.
  • Field, G.G. 2004. Color and its reproduction. Pittsburgh, PA: Graphic Arts Technical Foundation.
  • Field, G.G. 2004. Color and its reproduction. Pittsburgh, PA: Graphic Arts Technical Foundation.
  • Ghorbani, A., Haghi, H. 2009. Iron removal from Choghaie Feldspar Mine by flotation. Proceedings of 7th Industrial Minerals Symposium and Exhibition. 25-27 February 2009, Turkey, 202-206.
  • Ghorbani, A., Haghi, H. 2009. Iron removal from Choghaie Feldspar Mine by flotation. Proceedings of 7th Industrial Minerals Symposium and Exhibition. 25-27 February 2009, Turkey, 202-206.
  • Gomez-Heras, M., Smith, B.J., Fort, R., 2008. Influence of surface heterogeneities of building granite on its thermal microenvironment and its potential for the generation of thermal weathering. Environ Geol., 56, 547–560.
  • Gomez-Heras, M., Smith, B.J., Fort, R., 2008. Influence of surface heterogeneities of building granite on its thermal microenvironment and its potential for the generation of thermal weathering. Environ Geol., 56, 547–560.
  • Green, P. 1999. Understanding digital color (2nd ed.). GATF Press.
  • Green, P. 1999. Understanding digital color (2nd ed.). GATF Press.
  • Hajpa´l, M., Török, A´., 2004. Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heating. Environmental Geology, 46, 311-322.
  • Hajpa´l, M., Török, A´., 2004. Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heating. Environmental Geology, 46, 311-322.
  • Huang, H., Li, J., Li, X., Zhang, Z. 2013. Iron removal from extremely fine quartz and its kinetics. Separation and Purification Technology, 108, 43-50.
  • Huang, H., Li, J., Li, X., Zhang, Z. 2013. Iron removal from extremely fine quartz and its kinetics. Separation and Purification Technology, 108, 43-50.
  • Kompaníková, Z., Gomez-Heras, M., Michňová, J., Durmeková, T., Vlčko, J. 2014. Sandstone alterations triggered by fire-related temperatues. Environ. Earth Sci. 72, 2569-2581.
  • Kompaníková, Z., Gomez-Heras, M., Michňová, J., Durmeková, T., Vlčko, J. 2014. Sandstone alterations triggered by fire-related temperatues. Environ. Earth Sci. 72, 2569-2581.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1997. Iron removal of clay mineral with oxalic acid. Journal of MMI of Japan, 113 (11), 847-851.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1997. Iron removal of clay mineral with oxalic acid. Journal of MMI of Japan, 113 (11), 847-851.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1999. Dissolution of iron oxide rust materials using oxalic acid, Journal of MMI of Japan, 115(11), 815-819.
  • Lee, S-O, Kim, W-T., Oh, J-K., Shin, B-S. 1999. Dissolution of iron oxide rust materials using oxalic acid, Journal of MMI of Japan, 115(11), 815-819.
  • Lee, S.O., Tran, T., Jung B.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J., 2007. Dissolution of iron oxide using oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 87, 91-99.
  • Lee, S.O., Tran, T., Jung B.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J., 2007. Dissolution of iron oxide using oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 87, 91-99.
  • Lee, S-O., Tran, T., Park, Y-Y., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J. 2006. Study on the kinetics of iron oxide leaching by oxalic acid. Int. J. Miner. Process. 80, 144-152.
  • Lee, S-O., Tran, T., Park, Y-Y., Kim, S.J., Kim, M.J. 2006. Study on the kinetics of iron oxide leaching by oxalic acid. Int. J. Miner. Process. 80, 144-152.
  • Li, F., Jiang, X., Zuo, Q., Li, J., Ban, B., Chen, J. 2020. Purification mechanism of quartz sand by combination of microwave heating and ultrasoudn assisted acid leaching treatment. Silicon, DOI: 10.1007/s12633-020-00457-7.
  • Li, F., Jiang, X., Zuo, Q., Li, J., Ban, B., Chen, J. 2020. Purification mechanism of quartz sand by combination of microwave heating and ultrasoudn assisted acid leaching treatment. Silicon, DOI: 10.1007/s12633-020-00457-7.
  • Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Shen, O., Zhang, Z.Z., Du, F.H., 2010. Further purification of industrial quartz by much milder conditions and a harmless method. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 7673–7677.
  • Li, J.S., Li, X.X., Shen, O., Zhang, Z.Z., Du, F.H., 2010. Further purification of industrial quartz by much milder conditions and a harmless method. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 7673–7677.
  • Lin, M. Lei, S., Pei, Z., Liu, Y., Xia, Z., Xie, F. 2018. Application of hydrometallurgy techniques in quartz processing and purification: a review. Metall. Res. Technol. 15, 303.
  • Lin, M. Lei, S., Pei, Z., Liu, Y., Xia, Z., Xie, F. 2018. Application of hydrometallurgy techniques in quartz processing and purification: a review. Metall. Res. Technol. 15, 303.
  • Lin, M., Liu, Z., Wei, Y., Meng, Y., Qiu, H., Lei, S., Zhang, X., Li, Y. 2020. A critical review on the mineralogy and processing for high-grade quartz. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 37, 1627–1639
  • Lin, M., Liu, Z., Wei, Y., Meng, Y., Qiu, H., Lei, S., Zhang, X., Li, Y. 2020. A critical review on the mineralogy and processing for high-grade quartz. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 37, 1627–1639
  • Litter, M.I., & Blesa, M.A. 1988. Photodissolution of iron oxides: I. Maghemite in EDTA solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 125(2), 679-687.
  • Litter, M.I., & Blesa, M.A. 1988. Photodissolution of iron oxides: I. Maghemite in EDTA solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 125(2), 679-687.
  • Loritsch, K.B., James, R.D. 1990. Purified qaurtz and process for purifying quartz. US4983370A.
  • Loritsch, K.B., James, R.D. 1990. Purified qaurtz and process for purifying quartz. US4983370A.
  • Mohammed, M.M.A., Güler, T., Polat, E., Çetin, N., Kuşçu, Ü., 2019. Quartz bleaching by oxalic acid: Relationship between rejection rate of impurities and color response. Proceedings of International Mining Congress & Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET 2019). Antalya. 957-964.
  • Mohammed, M.M.A., Güler, T., Polat, E., Çetin, N., Kuşçu, Ü., 2019. Quartz bleaching by oxalic acid: Relationship between rejection rate of impurities and color response. Proceedings of International Mining Congress & Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET 2019). Antalya. 957-964.
  • Müller, A., Wanvik, J.E., Ihlen, P.M., 2012. Petrological and chemical characterisation of high-purity quartz deposits with examples from Norway. In: Quartz: Deposits, Mineralogy and Analytics, J. Götze and R. Möckel (eds), Springer Geology, 71-118.
  • Müller, A., Wanvik, J.E., Ihlen, P.M., 2012. Petrological and chemical characterisation of high-purity quartz deposits with examples from Norway. In: Quartz: Deposits, Mineralogy and Analytics, J. Götze and R. Möckel (eds), Springer Geology, 71-118.
  • Nwoye, C.I., Imah, A.A., Okelekwe, N.M., Nwogo, O.J., Okeahialam, S., 2020. Open system leaching of iron ore in oxalic acid solution and predictability of final solution pH based on initial solution pH and leaching time. World Journal of Chemistry 15(1), 24-29.
  • Nwoye, C.I., Imah, A.A., Okelekwe, N.M., Nwogo, O.J., Okeahialam, S., 2020. Open system leaching of iron ore in oxalic acid solution and predictability of final solution pH based on initial solution pH and leaching time. World Journal of Chemistry 15(1), 24-29.
  • Orhan, E.C., Bayraktar, İ. 2006. Amine-oleate interactions in feldspar flotation. Minerals Engineering. 19, 48-55.
  • Orhan, E.C., Bayraktar, İ. 2006. Amine-oleate interactions in feldspar flotation. Minerals Engineering. 19, 48-55.
  • Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A. 1996. Thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of iron oxides: dissolution in oxalic acid. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 35(4), 363-373.
  • Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A. 1996. Thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of iron oxides: dissolution in oxalic acid. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 35(4), 363-373.
  • Patent, 2014. Method for producing high-purity quartz sand. Patent No. CN103964444A. Retrieved on Dec 29, 2020 from https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103964444A/en
  • Patent, 2014. Method for producing high-purity quartz sand. Patent No. CN103964444A. Retrieved on Dec 29, 2020 from https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103964444A/en
  • Sarvamangala, H., Natarajan, K.A. 2011. Microbially induced flotation of alumina, silica/calcite from haematite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 99(1-4), 70-77.
  • Sarvamangala, H., Natarajan, K.A. 2011. Microbially induced flotation of alumina, silica/calcite from haematite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 99(1-4), 70-77.
  • Suarez, L., Schneider, J., Houbaert, Y. 2008. High-temperature oxidation of Fe- Si alloys in the temperature range 900-1250°C. Defect and Diffusion Forum, 273(276), 661-666.
  • Suarez, L., Schneider, J., Houbaert, Y. 2008. High-temperature oxidation of Fe- Si alloys in the temperature range 900-1250°C. Defect and Diffusion Forum, 273(276), 661-666.
  • Taxiarchou, M., Panias, D., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A., 1997. Removal of iron from silica sand by leaching with oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 46, 215–227.
  • Taxiarchou, M., Panias, D., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A., 1997. Removal of iron from silica sand by leaching with oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 46, 215–227.
  • Torres, R., Blesa, M.A., Matijevic, E. 1989. Interactions of metal hydrous oxides with chelating agents: VIII. Dissolution of hematite. Journal of colloid and interface science, 131(2), 567-579.
  • Torres, R., Blesa, M.A., Matijevic, E. 1989. Interactions of metal hydrous oxides with chelating agents: VIII. Dissolution of hematite. Journal of colloid and interface science, 131(2), 567-579.
  • Tuncuk, A., Akcil, A., 2016. Iron removal in production of purified quartz by hydrometallurgical process. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 153, 1-29.
  • Tuncuk, A., Akcil, A., 2016. Iron removal in production of purified quartz by hydrometallurgical process. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 153, 1-29.
  • Ubaldini, S., Piga, L., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. 1996. Removal of iron from quartz sands: A study by column leaching using a complete factorial design. Hydrometallurgy, 40(3), 369-379.
  • Ubaldini, S., Piga, L., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. 1996. Removal of iron from quartz sands: A study by column leaching using a complete factorial design. Hydrometallurgy, 40(3), 369-379.
  • Vapur, H., Top, S., Demirci, S. 2017. Purification of feldspar from colored impurities using organic acids. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 53(1), 150–160.
  • Vapur, H., Top, S., Demirci, S. 2017. Purification of feldspar from colored impurities using organic acids. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 53(1), 150–160.
  • Vatalis, K.I., Charalambides,G., Benetis, N.P., 2015. Market of high purity quartz innovative applications. Procedia Economics and Finance 24, 734-742.
  • Vatalis, K.I., Charalambides,G., Benetis, N.P., 2015. Market of high purity quartz innovative applications. Procedia Economics and Finance 24, 734-742.
  • Vegliò, F, Passariello, B., Barbaro, M., Plescia, P., Marabini, A.M., 1998. Drum leaching tests in iron removal from quartz using oxalic and sulphuric acids. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 54(3-4), 183-200.
  • Vegliò, F, Passariello, B., Barbaro, M., Plescia, P., Marabini, A.M., 1998. Drum leaching tests in iron removal from quartz using oxalic and sulphuric acids. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 54(3-4), 183-200.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Abbruzzese, C., 1999. Iron removal process for high-purity silica sands production by oxalic acid leaching. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 4443–4448.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Abbruzzese, C., 1999. Iron removal process for high-purity silica sands production by oxalic acid leaching. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 4443–4448.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Toro, L., Marabini, A.M. 1996. Development of a bleaching process for a kaolin of industrial interest by oxalic, ascorbic, and sulfuric acids: preliminary study using statistical methods of experimental design. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(5), 1680-1687.
  • Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Toro, L., Marabini, A.M. 1996. Development of a bleaching process for a kaolin of industrial interest by oxalic, ascorbic, and sulfuric acids: preliminary study using statistical methods of experimental design. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(5), 1680-1687.
  • Viscarra Rossel, R.A., Minasny, B., Roudier, P., McBratney, A.B., 2006. Color space models for soil science. Geoderma, 133, 320-337.
  • Viscarra Rossel, R.A., Minasny, B., Roudier, P., McBratney, A.B., 2006. Color space models for soil science. Geoderma, 133, 320-337.
  • Vodyanitskii, Yu.N., Savichev, A.T., 2017. The influence of organic matter on soil color using the regression equations of optical parameters in the system CIE-L*a*b*. Annals of Agrarian Science. 15, 380-385.
  • Vodyanitskii, Yu.N., Savichev, A.T., 2017. The influence of organic matter on soil color using the regression equations of optical parameters in the system CIE-L*a*b*. Annals of Agrarian Science. 15, 380-385.
  • Yan, L.G., Yu, Y.J., Song, S.S., Nan, H.L., Cheng, Y.L., Li, X.M., Kong, Q.W., Dai, Y.M. 1987. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yan, L.G., Yu, Y.J., Song, S.S., Nan, H.L., Cheng, Y.L., Li, X.M., Kong, Q.W., Dai, Y.M. 1987. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yang, C., Li, S., Bai, J., Han, S. 2018. Advanced Purification of industrial quartz using Calcination pretreatment combined with ultrasound-assisted leaching. Acta Geodyn. Geomater, 15(2), 187-195.
  • Yang, C., Li, S., Bai, J., Han, S. 2018. Advanced Purification of industrial quartz using Calcination pretreatment combined with ultrasound-assisted leaching. Acta Geodyn. Geomater, 15(2), 187-195.
  • Yang, C-Q, Li, S-Q. 2020. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yang, C-Q, Li, S-Q. 2020. Development of superconducting high gradient magnetic separator for beneficiation of kaolin clay. In Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Non-Metallic Minerals. 17-21.
  • Yanjie, L., Huiqing, P., Mingzhen, H. 2013. Removing iron by magnetic separation from a potash feldspar ore. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 362-366.
  • Yanjie, L., Huiqing, P., Mingzhen, H. 2013. Removing iron by magnetic separation from a potash feldspar ore. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 362-366.
  • Zhang, Z., Li, J., Li, X., Huang, H., Zhou, L., Xiong, T. 2012. High efficiency iron removal from quartz sand using phosphoric acid. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 114, 30-34.
  • Zhang, Z., Li, J., Li, X., Huang, H., Zhou, L., Xiong, T. 2012. High efficiency iron removal from quartz sand using phosphoric acid. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 114, 30-34.
Toplam 112 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Deniz Baş 0000-0003-4633-9053

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 60 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Baş, A. D. (2021). COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION. Scientific Mining Journal, 60(2), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.868572
AMA Baş AD. COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION. Mining. Haziran 2021;60(2):77-82. doi:10.30797/madencilik.868572
Chicago Baş, Ahmet Deniz. “COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION”. Scientific Mining Journal 60, sy. 2 (Haziran 2021): 77-82. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.868572.
EndNote Baş AD (01 Haziran 2021) COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION. Scientific Mining Journal 60 2 77–82.
IEEE A. D. Baş, “COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION”, Mining, c. 60, sy. 2, ss. 77–82, 2021, doi: 10.30797/madencilik.868572.
ISNAD Baş, Ahmet Deniz. “COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION”. Scientific Mining Journal 60/2 (Haziran 2021), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.868572.
JAMA Baş AD. COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION. Mining. 2021;60:77–82.
MLA Baş, Ahmet Deniz. “COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION”. Scientific Mining Journal, c. 60, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 77-82, doi:10.30797/madencilik.868572.
Vancouver Baş AD. COMBINED EFFECT OF PYROMETALLURGICAL AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSES ON QUARTZ ORE PURIFICATION. Mining. 2021;60(2):77-82.