An example of examining the effect of tunnels on each other in large diameter double tube tunnels excavated in weak soils with 3D numerical analysis, Evaluation of Bolu Tunnel support systems

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 3, 157 - 168, 30.09.2022

Ebu Bekir Aygar

https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.1054714

Öz

Bolu Tunnel is located on the Ankara-Istanbul Highway projects which work started in 1993 and was opened to traffic in 2007. It was built as a 3-lane double tunnel. The tunnel lengths of the right tunnel are 2788 m and the left tunnel is 2954 m respectively. During the construction of the Bolu Tunnel, it was exposed to 2 earthquakes, and the Elmalık section of the tunnel, located at the entrance of Ankara, collapsed after the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake. After this collapse, the tunnel route was changed. The Bolu Tunnel geologically passes through the tectonic block between the North Anatolian Fault Line mainline and the Düzce Fault. While the Istanbul side of the tunnel (Asarsuyu entrance) is located within the metacrystalline basement rocks, the Ankara side (Elmalık entrance) is located within the sedimentary rocks. These two units of the tunnel are cut by the Bakacak fault. At the entrance of Elmalık, where the biggest problems occurred during the excavation phase of the tunnel is located Elmalık fault.In this sectipn deformations of up to 1.2 m.. In addition, during the fault crossing of the Elmalık right tunnel, a collapse occurred in 1996, and in the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake, the Elmalık left tunnel was completely closed. The problems experienced and the support systems developed in the Bolu Tunnels, which were designed with the New Austrian Tunneling Method, contain very valuable information in terms of tunneling. Within the scope of this study, Bolu Tunnel support systems were examined in 3D with the Flac3d program, the effect of the two tunnels on each other, the deformation changes in the top heading, bench and invert excavations were revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bolu Tunnel, Collapse, Flac3d, Düzce earthquake

Zayıf zeminlerde açılan büyük çaplı çift tüp tünellerde tünellerin birbirine olan etkisinin 3 boyutlu sayısal analizler ile incelenmesine bir örnek, Bolu Tüneli destek sistemlerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bolu Tüneli Ankara İstanbul Otoyolu üzerinde yer almaktadır. Bolu Tüneli proje çalışmalarına 1993 yılında başlanmış olup 2007 yılında trafiğe açılmıştır. 3 şeritli çift tünel olarak inşa edilmiştir. Tünel uzunlukları sağ tünel 2788 m sol tünel ise 2954 m’dir. Bolu Tüneli inşası sırasında 2 kez sel ve 2 kez depreme maruz kalmış ve tünelin Ankara girişinde yeralan Elmalık kesiminde 12 Kasım 1999 Düzce Depremi sonrası göçük yaşanmıştır. Bu göçük sonrasında tünel güzergahı değiştirilmiştir. Bolu Tüneli jeolojik olarak Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı ana kolu ile Düzce Fayı arasındaki tektonik bloktan geçmektedir. Tünelin İstanbul tarafı (Asarsuyu girişi) metakristalin temel kayaları içerisinde yer almakta iken Ankara tarafı (Elmalık girişi) sedimanter kayaçlar içerisinde bulınmaktadır. Tünel bu iki birimi Bakacak fayı ile kesilmektedir. Tünelde kazı aşamasında en büyük sorunların meydana geldiği Elmalık girişinde Elmalık fayı bulunmakta olup, tünelin bu bölümlerinde 1.2 m’ye varan deformasyonlar ile karşılaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Elmalık sağ tünelde fay geçişi sırasında 1996 yılında göçük meydana gelmiş, 12 Kasım 1999 Düzce Depreminde ise Elmalık sol tünel tamamen kapanarak göçük oluşmuştur. Yeni Avusturya Tünelcilik Yöntemi ile projelendirilen Bolu Tünellerinde yaşanan sorunlar ve geliştirilen destek sistemleri tünelcilik açısından çok değerli bilgiler içermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Bolu Tünel destek sistemleri Flac3d programı ile 3 boyutlu olarak incelenmiş, iki tünelin birbirine olan etkisi, üst yarı, alt yarı ve invert kazılarında meydana gelen değişimler ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bolu Tüneli, Göçük, Flac3d, Düzce Depremi

Kaynakça

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