Batı Avrupa’daki Ana Akım Siyasi Partilerin Çevre Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Güvenlik meseleleri geleneksel olarak “yüksek siyasetin” en önemli başlığını teşkil etmiştir. Bilhassa endüstri devrimi ile başlayan sürecin sonunda çevre-sel bozulma ve kirliliğin vardığı nokta çevre sorunlarını bir güvenlik meselesi haline getirmiştir. Yeşil hareketin gelişimi de bu sürecin bir neticesinde olmuştur. Yeşil siyaseti benimseyen partilerin ortaya çıkmasıyla yeşil düşünce bu alanda da kurumsallaşmaya başlamıştır. Sivil toplum hareketleriyle iç içe geçmiş olan bu siyasi partiler her ne kadar büyük seçim zaferleri kazanmasalar da özellikle endüstrileşmede başat rol oynayan ülkelerde politik atmosferi etkileyebilmişlerdir. Bu çalışma erken sanayileşmiş üç Batı Avrupa ülkesindeki (Almanya, Fransa ve İngiltere) dört ana siyasal akımı temsil partilerin program ve siyasetlerini ortaya koyup, bunların mukayeseli tahlilini yaparak güncel yeşil paradigmanın siyasal spektrumu ne derece etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Belirlenen siyasi partilerin program ve seçim beyannamelerinden elde edilen veriler bu ülkelerdeki yeşil partilerin politikaları ile yakınlık veya uzaklıkları bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu parti politikalarının incelenmesi sadece bu ülkelerin içerisindeki farklı politikaları ortaya koymakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda farklı ülkelerden ortak ideolojik pozisyonlara sahip partilerin çapraz karşılaştırmasını da mümkün kılmaktadır. Elde edilen bilgiler hangi ülkenin kamusal alanında hangi çevre konularına daha fazla hassasiyet olduğunu da göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Batı Avrupa
• çevre güvenliği
• enerji politikaları
• yeşil partiler
• Yeşil siyaset

Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Policies of Mainstream Political Parties in Western Europe

Öz

Security has traditionally been the most important topic of "high politics". Especially at the end of the process that started with the industrial revolution, environmental degradation and pollution reached a point that turned environmental problems into a security issue. The development of the green movement was a result of this. The green ideology has also begun to become institutionalized in the political field with the emergence of parties pursuing green policies. Although the green political parties, intertwined with civil society, did not win major election victories, they influenced the political atmosphere. This study reveals the programs and policies of the parties representing the four main political streams in three early industrialized Western European countries (Germany, France and Britain) and makes a comparative analysis, showing to what extent the green paradigm affects the politics. The data obtained from the programs and election manifestos of the political parties were evaluated according to their closeness or distance with the policies of the green parties. Examining these party policies not only reveals the policies within these countries but also makes the cross-comparison of the parties with common ideological positions from different countries possible. The information that is obtained also shows which environmental issues are more sensitive in the public sphere of each country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Western Europe
• Security of Environment
• energy politics
• green parties
• Green politics

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