TR
EN
The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study
Öz
The claim that the education system, which must adapt to changing societal needs and advancing technology, is inadequate in developing students’ life skills remains a current debate today.In this context, the Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach, developed under the leadership of Matthew Lipman and integrated into educational programs in many countries, has attracted attention. P4C aims not only to transfer knowledge but also to create meaningful understanding, to improve students’ thinking skills, and to raise them as democratic individuals. This study examined the effect of the P4C program on the cognitive empathy skills of 4th grade primary school students. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was used. The research was conducted with 40 students in a public school in Alanya, Antalya. The experimental group participated in P4C sessions for six weeks, while the control group continued with the regular curriculum. Data were collected using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test developed by Baron-Cohen et al. (2001). Findings showed that P4C positively supported students’ cognitive empathy. While most studies in the literature focus on thinking skills, research on social-emotional skills such as empathy is limited. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the limited research on cognitive empathy.
Anahtar Kelimeler
- Philosophy for Children (P4C)
- cognitive empathy
- socio-emotional skills
- primary school students
- quasi-experimental design
Etik Beyan
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Social and Human Sciences at Akdeniz University (Meeting Date: 31.07.2025, Meeting No: 25, Decision No: 454, Document Date and Number: 31.07.2025-1279598, Protocol Code: BSDSEUMJ42). In addition, permission to conduct the research in schools was obtained from the Ministry of National Education of Türkiye (Application No: MEB.TT.2025.028648.03, Approval Date: 18.09.2025, Expiry Date: 07.09.2026). Informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964).
Kaynakça
- Akkocaoğlu Çayır, N. (2024). Öğretmenler için çocuklarla felsefe (P4C) rehberi [Philosophy for Children (P4C) guide for teachers] (Turkish). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Baron-Cohen, S. (2023). Kötülüğün anatomisi (T. Tezgel, Trans.) [The anatomy of evil]. Say Yayınları.
- Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00715
- Boler, M. (1997). The risks of empathy: Interrogating multiculturalism’s gaze. Cultural Studies, 11(2), 253–273.
- Boynueyri, G. N., & Güven, G. (2025). Okul öncesi dönemde felsefe temelli eğitim (P4C) uygulamaları: Eleştirel düşünme ve perspektif alma becerilerine yönelik deneysel bir inceleme [Philosophy for Children (P4C) practices in preschool: An experimental study on critical thinking and perspective-taking skills]. Çocuk ve Gelişim Dergisi, 8(16), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1768507
- CASEL. (2020). What is SEL? https://casel.org/what-is-sel/
- Chang, S.-A. A., Tillem, S., Benson-Williams, C., & Baskin-Sommers, A. (2021). Cognitive empathy in subtypes of antisocial individuals. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 677975. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.677975
- Das, J., & Ghosh, S. (2021). Importance of social-emotional learning on aggression and empathy among adolescents. International Journal of Scientific Research, 10(9), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/1334384
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Değerler Eğitimi, Felsefe Eğitimi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Temmuz 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
1 Mayıs 2026
Kabul Tarihi
26 Temmuz 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Sayı: 79
APA
Uluurgun, R. (2026). The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 79, 146-160. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1942150
AMA
1.Uluurgun R. The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty. 2026;(79):146-160. doi:10.21764/maeuefd.1942150
Chicago
Uluurgun, Rumeysa. 2026. “The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, sy 79: 146-60. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1942150.
EndNote
Uluurgun R (01 Temmuz 2026) The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty 79 146–160.
IEEE
[1]R. Uluurgun, “The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, sy 79, ss. 146–160, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.21764/maeuefd.1942150.
ISNAD
Uluurgun, Rumeysa. “The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty. 79 (01 Temmuz 2026): 146-160. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1942150.
JAMA
1.Uluurgun R. The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty. 2026;:146–160.
MLA
Uluurgun, Rumeysa. “The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study”. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, sy 79, Temmuz 2026, ss. 146-60, doi:10.21764/maeuefd.1942150.
Vancouver
1.Rumeysa Uluurgun. The effect of Philosophy for Children on cognitive empathy: An experimental study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty. 01 Temmuz 2026;(79):146-60. doi:10.21764/maeuefd.1942150