Effect of Vitamin C on the Immune System in Cattle Immunized With Blackleg Vaccine

Öz

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin C on the immune system in cattle immunized against blackleg. The study employed 28 cattle of different breeds and genders, aged 15-20 months, bred in the Ardahan region. The cattle were broken down into four groups, seven in each group. The first group (control group) 2 ml saline, the second group (vitamin group) 5 mg/kg vitamin c, the third group (vaccination group) 2 ml blackleg vaccine, and the fourth group (vaccine-vitamin group) 2 ml Blackleg vaccine and 5 mg/kg vitamin c was administered subcutaneously. Blood samples were collected from all animals in the groups just prior to vaccination and vitamin administration (day zero) and on the 14th and 28th days following administration. The number of formula leukocytes and the amount of serum IgG was measured in the blood samples. Serum IgG was found to increase substantially (p<0.05) in the vitamin-vaccine group on days 14 and 28 compared to the vaccine group. It was determined that the number of lymphocytes in days 14 and 28 of the vaccine-vitamin group increased in comparison with the vaccine group. In this study, it was found that vitamin c administered to cattle with the blackleg vaccine has a stimulating effect on the immune system. It is recommended to improve the protective potency of the vaccine using vitamin c along with the blackleg vaccine in cattle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cattle
• Blackleg vaccine
• Vitamin c
• Immune system

Kaynakça

1. REFERENCES 1. Abreu, C. C., Edwards, E. E., Edwards, J. F., Gibbons, P. M., Leal de Araújo, J., Rech, R. R., & Uzal, F. A. (2017). Blackleg in cattle: A case report of fetal infection and a literature review. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 29(5), 612–621. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638717713796
2. 2. Aydin, S. (2015). A short history, principles, and types of ELISA, and our laboratory experience with peptide/protein analyses using ELISA. Peptides, 72(1), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.012
3. 3. Babe, A. A. (2011). Effect of vitamin C on haematology and serum biochemistry in heat-stressed sheep. Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 1(11), 731–733.
4. 4. Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211
5. 5. Chaiyotwittayakun, A., Erskine, R. J., Bartlett, P. C., Herdt, T. H., Sears, P. M., & Harmon, R. J. (2002). The effect of ascorbic acid and L-histidine therapy on acute mammary inflammation in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74053-8
6. 6. Coşkun, B., Inal, F., Erganiş, O., Kuyucuoǧlu, Y., Ok, U., Çelik, I., Tiftik, A. M., & Kurtoǧlu, F. (1998). Farklı Düzeylerde Askorbik Asit İhtiva Eden Rasyonların Yumurta Tavuklarında Verim ve İmmünite Üzerine Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 22(1), 29–35.
7. 7. Cummins, K. A., & Brunner, C. J. (1989). Dietary Ascorbic Acid and Immune Response in Dairy Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 72(1), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79088-3
8. 8. Deters, E. L., & Hansen, S. L. (2020). Pre-transit vitamin C injection improves post-transit performance of beef steers. Animal, 14(10), 2083–2090. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731120000968

9. 9. Gouda, A., Amer, S. A., Gabr, S., & Tolba, S. A. (2020). Effect of dietary supplemental ascorbic acid and folic acid on the growth performance, redox status, and immune status of broiler chickens under heat stress. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 2987–2996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02316-4
10. 10. Hansford, J. (2020). Blackleg without skeletal muscle involvement as a cause of sudden death in unvaccinated calves. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 61(1), 189–192.
11. 11. Hidiroglou, M., Batra, T. R., Ivan, M., & Markham, F. (1995). Effects of Supplemental Vitamins E and C on the Immune Responses of Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 78(7), 1578–1583. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76781-9
12. 12. İmik, H., Aytaç, M., Coşkun, B., & Fidancı, H. (2000). Strese Maruz Bırakılan Ankara Keçisi Oğlaklarında E ve C Vitaminlerinin Büyüme ve İmmünite Üzerine Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 24(1), 51–58.
13. 13. Kaya, S. (1997). Beslenme Farmakolojisi. In S. Kaya, İ. Pirinçci, & A. Bilgili (Eds.), Veteriner Uygulamalı Farmakoloji (1.Baskı, pp. 232–234). Medisan Yayınevi.
14. 14. Khan, R. U., Rahman, Z. U., Javed, I., & Muhammad, F. (2014). Effect of vitamins, protein level and probiotics on immune response of moulted male broiler breeders. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 98(4), 620–627. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12087
15. 15. Kızıl, Ö., & Gül, Y. (2010). Şap Aşısı Uygulanan Besi Sığırlarında AD3E ve C Vitamini Uygulamalarının Serum Protein Fraksiyonları Üzerine EtkileÜniverri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Biimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 24(2), 57–62.
16. 16. Lotfollahzadeh, S., Mokhber Dezfouli, M. R., Khazraii Nia, P., & Tajik, P. (2005). The effects of oral administration of ascorbic acid on serum γ-globulin concentration of neonatal calves. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 6(2), 79–83.
17. 17. Mamak, N., Kale, M., & Yapıcı, O. (2018). Sığır Yeti̇şti̇ri̇ci̇li̇ği̇nde Kullanılan Aşılar ve Önemi̇. Göller Bölgesi Aylık Hakemli Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi, 5(63), 61–66.
18. 18. Matsui, T. (2012). Vitamin C nutrition in cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 25(5), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.r.01
19. 19. Mirfendereski, E., & Jahanian, R. (2015). Effects of dietary organic chromium and vitamin C supplementation on performance, immune responses, blood metabolites, and stress status of laying hens subjected to high stocking density. Poultry Science, 94(2), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/peu074
20. 20. Mousavi, S., Bereswill, S., & Heimesaat, M. M. (2019). Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of vitamin C. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 9(3), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2019.00016
21. 21. Nicholson, P., Furrer, J., Hässig, M., Strauss, C., Heller, M., Braga-Lagache, S., & Frey, J. (2019). Production of neutralizing antibodies against the secreted Clostridium chauvoei toxin A (CctA) upon blackleg vaccination. Anaerobe, 56, 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.02.011
22. 22. Otomaru, K., Oishi, S., Fujimura, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Nagai, K., & Ijiri, M. (2021). Effects of vitamin C supplementation on the blood oxidative stress and antibody titre against Histophilus somni vaccination in calves. Journal of Veterinary Research, 65(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0002
23. 23. Pogge, D. J., & Hansen, S. L. (2013). Supplemental vitamin C improves marbling in feedlot cattle consuming high sulfur diets. Journal of Animal Science, 91(9), 4303–4314. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5638
24. 24. Ranjan, R., Ranjan, A., Dhaliwal, G. S., & Patra, R. C. (2012). L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle. Veterinary Quarterly, 32 (3–4), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2012.734640
25. 25. Sahinduran, S., & Albay, M. K. (2004). Supplemental ascorbic acid and prevention of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 73(2), 221–224. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200473020221
26. 26. Santos, F. D. S., Maubrigades, L. R., Gonçalves, V. S., Alves Ferreira, M. R., Brasil, C. L., Cunha, R. C., Conceição, F. R., & Leite, F. P. L. (2021). Immunomodulatory effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112T and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in sheep vaccinated with Clostridium chauvoei. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 237, 110272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110272
27. 27. Seifi, H. A., Mokhber Dezfuly, M. R., & Bolurchi, M. (1996). The effectiveness of ascorbic acid in the prevention of calf neonatal diarrhoea. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 43(3), 189–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00304.x
28. 28. Tanaka, M., Muto, N., Gohda, E., & Yamamoto, I. (1994). Enhancement by Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside or Repeated Additions of Ascorbate of Mitogen-Induced IgM and IgG Productions by Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 66(4), 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.66.451
29. 29. Toplu, H. D. O., Tunca, R., Aypak, S. U., Coven, F., Epikmen, E. T., Karaarslan, S., & Yagin, O. (2014). Effects of heat conditioning and dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on heat shock protein 70 expression, blood parameters and fear-related behavior in broilers subjected to heat stress. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 42(1), 1179.
30. 30. Wu, C., Dorairajan, T., & Lin, T. (2000). Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the immune response of chickens vaccinated and challenged with infectious bursal disease virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 74 (1–2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00161-6
31. 31. Wu, M., He, M., & Kang, Y. (2018). Vitamin C supplementation improved the efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 29(1), 470–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2017.1406459
32. 32. Yaman, K. (2016). Fizyoloji (5. Baskı). Ezgi Kitabevi.
33. 33. Yanar, K. E. (2020). Morkaraman Irkı Koyunlarda Uzun Süreli Transportta Oluşan Stresin Neden Olduğu İmmun Supresyon Üzerine Parapoxvirus Ovis, Corynebacterium Cutis Lizatı ve C vitamininin Etkisinin Araştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Erzurum.
34. 34. Zhu, Y. F., Li, S. Z., Sun, Q. Z., & Yang, X. J. (2019). Effect of in ovo feeding of Vitamin C on antioxidation and immune function of broiler chickens. Animal, 13(9), 1927–1933. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118003531