BATI NİL VİRUSU ENFEKSİYONU

Öz

Batı Nil Virusu (BNV), flavivirusun neden olduğu sporadik bir hastalıktır. Hastalık at, insan, çeşitli memeli ve kuş türleri ile bazı kemirgenlerde görülür. West Nile virusun nakli ve yaşam döngüsü sivrisinek gibi kan emici insektler tarafından oluşturulur. Bir çok kuş türü, vektörler tarafından, kan emme esnasında enfekte edilirler. Enfekte olmuş kuşlar, virusun uzun mesafalere yayılmasında büyük rol oynarlar. İnsanlar ve atlar BNV enfeksiyonuna yüksek düzeyde duyarlıdır ve enfeksiyonun ilerlemesiyle ateş,  nörolojik enfeksiyon ve fatal meningoensefalit gelişir. Hastalık, Afrika ve Asya’nın bazı bölgelerinde endemiktir, fakat son zamanlarda Avrupa ve Batı yarımkürede de karşılaşılmaktadır. Hastalığın önlenmesinde sivrisineklerle mücadele çok önemlidir. Aşı uygulaması için at ve kuşlarda genetik olarak modifiye edilmiş virüs suşları veya inaktive edilmiş virusları içeren aşılar kullanılabilir. Bu derlemede, Batı Nil Virusu Enfeksiyonu’nun; etiyolojisi, epidemiyolojisi, epizootiyolojisi, patogenezi, klinik, laboratuvar ve nekropsi bulguları, tanı ve ayırıcı tanısı, tedavisi, koruma ve kontrol yöntemleri tek tek ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

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