Protective Mechanism of Morus nigra on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Brain Damage in Rats

Öz

Morus nigra (MN) is a common fruit used all over the world. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a dangerous neuropsychiatric complication of both acute and chronic liver failure, and is the most common cause of death in patients with end-stage liver disease. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigated the efficiencies of MN on the treatment of HE on cirrhotic rat liver model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI₄). In this study it has been used superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities assays, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunohistochemistry and Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining in the brain, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in liver tissue With this aim, 42 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into six groups: control, HE control (1 mL/kg CCI₄/twice a week, intraperitoneal), 125 mg/kg MN, 250 mg/kg MN, CCI₄+125 mg/kg MN and CCI₄+250 mg/kg MN groups. CCl₄ caused a significant increase in serum enzyme levels in rat livers, compared with control. On the other hand, MN treatment restored the biochemical parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. 8-OHdG activity was significantly increased in CCI₄ group. However, these increases were significantly decreased by MN treatment. While intraperitoneal administration of MN significantly reduced oxidative stress, prevented apoptosis and caused an increase in the antioxidant defence mechanism activity in brain compared to the control group.  Brains of rats treated with MN showed less DNA damage than treated groups with CCI₄. As a result of this study showed that MN has a neuroprotective effect because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant properties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morus nigra,hepatic encephalopathy,Carbon tetrachloride,Antioxidant enzymes

Sıçanlarda Karbon Tetraklorür İle Uyarılmış Beyin Hasarında Morus nigra'nın Koruyucu Mekanizması

Öz

Morus nigra (MN) tüm dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan bir meyvedir. Hepatik ensefalopati (HE) hem akut hem de kronik karaciğer yetmezliğinde tehlikeli bir nöropsikiyatrik komplikasyondur ve son dönem karaciğer hastalığı olan hastalarda en sık görülen ölüm nedenidir. Bilgimize göre bu, karbon tetraklorür (CCI₄) ile indüklenen sirozlu sıçan karaciğeri modeli üzerinde HE tedavisinde MN’nin etkilerinin araştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Bu çalışmada, karaciğer dokusunda aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) seviyelerinin yanısıra beyin dokusunda 8-hidroksideoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) imünohistokimya ve Hematoksilen-eozin boyaması, superoksid dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) aktivite testleri kullanıldı. Bu amaçla 42 Spraque-Dawley erkek sıçan 6 gruba ayrıldı:  kontrol, HE kontrol (1 mL/kg CCI₄/haftada 2, intraperitonal), 125 mg/kg MN, 250 mg/kg MN, CCI₄+125 mg/kg MN ve CCI₄+250 mg/kg MN grupları. CCI₄ sıçan karaciğerlerinde kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında serum enzim seviyelerinde belirgin bir artışa sebep oldu. Diğer taraftan MN uygulaması biyokimyasal parametreleri doza bağımlı olarak önemli ölçüde düzeltti. 8-OHdG aktivitesi CCI₄ grubunda belirgin olarak arttı. Ancak MN tedavisi ile bu artışlar önemli ölçüde azaldı. MN'nin intraperitoneal olarak uygulanması, kontrol grubuna kıyasla oksidatif stresi önemli ölçüde azaltırken, apoptozisi önledi ve beyindeki antioksidan savunma mekanizması aktivitesinde artışa neden oldu. MN ile tedavi edilen sıçan beyinleri CCI₄ ile tedavi edilen sıçanlara göre daha az DNA hasarı gösterdi. Bu çalışmanın sonucu MN'nin anti-inflamatuar, antiapoptotik, antioksidan özelliklerinden dolayı nöroprotektif etkiye sahip olduğunu gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morus nigra,hepatik ensephalopati,Karbon tetraklorit

Kaynakça

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