Prevalence of dermatophytes isolated from domestic animals in Ankara within a three-year period (2014-2017)

Öz

Dermatophytosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by species belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton that affects the hair follicles, nails, and keratin layer of the epidermis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis in different animal species with clinical lesions. To this end, a total of 395 skin scraping and hair materials taken from cat, dog, horse, parrot, and calf with dermatophytosis suspicion that presented to the Department of Microbiology of the Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2014 and 2017 in different seasons were investigated. A mycological analysis of the materials was conducted involving direct microscopy and a fungal culture test. Of the 395 materials tested, 117 (29.62%) were positive for dermatophytosis with the following distribution: Microsporum spp., 34 of 195 cats, 24 of 181 dogs, two of 11 horses; Trichophyton spp., 26 of 181 dogs, 25 of 195 cats, one of 11 horses, one of three calves, and two of five parrots; Epidermophyton spp. two of 195 cats. The dermatophyte isolation rate was relatively higher in the summer (36.06%) and spring (29.51%) for cats, and in fall (30%) and spring (26%) for dogs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dermatophytosis,
• domestic animals,
• Microsporum spp.,
• Trichophyton spp.

Kaynakça

1. 1. Cabanes FJ. Dermatophytes in domestic animals. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2000;17:104-8.
2. 2. Chermette R, Ferreiro L and Guillot J. Dermatophytoses in animals. Mycopathologia. 2008;166(5-6):385-405.
3. 3. Bond R. Superficial veterinary mycoses. Clin Dermatol. 2010;28:226-236.
4. 4. Moretti A, Agnetti F, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Righi C, Moretta I, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and zoonotic aspects. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013;148(6):563-72.
5. 5. Moriello KA, Coyner K, Paterson S, Mignon B. Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol. 2017;28(3):266-e68.
6. 6. Mattei AS, Beber MA, Madrid IM. Dermatophytosis in small animals. SOJ Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2014;2:1-6.
7. 7. Nweze EI. Dermatophytoses in domesticated animals. Rev Inst Med Trop Sp. 2011;53(2):94-99.
8. 8. Rinaldi MG. Dermatophytosis: epidemiological and microbiological update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43(5Suppl):S120-S124.

9. 9. Robert R, Pihet M. Conventional methods for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Mycopathologia. 2008;166(5-6):295-306.
10. 10. Gnat S, Nowakiewicz A, Łagowski D, Zięba P. Host-and pathogendependent susceptibility and predisposition to dermatophytosis. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68(6):823-836.
11. 11. Cafarchia C, Figueredo LA, Otranto D. Fungal diseases of horses. Vet Microbiol. 2013;167(1-2):215-234.
12. 12. Vermout S, Tabart J, Baldo A, Mathy A, Losson B, Mignon B. Pathogenesis of dermatophytosis. Mycopathologia. 2008;166(5-6):267-75.
13. 13. Markey B, Leonard F, Archambault M, Cullinane A, Maguire D. Section 3: Mycology. Chapter 38. In: Edwards R, Hewat C, editors. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. 2th. ed. Missouri, USA: Mosby Elsevier; 2013. p. 471-480.
14. 14. Arda M. Mantarların genel karakterleri. In: Arda M. editör. Temel Mikrobiyoloji. Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye: Medisan Yayınevi; 2000. p. 315-367.
15. 15. Aho R. Studies on fungal flora in hair from domestic and laboratory animals suspected of dermatophytosis. 1. Dermatophytes. Acta Path Microbiol Scand. Sect B. 1980;88(2):79-83.
16. 16. Cabanes FJ, Abarca ML, Bragulat MR. Dermatophytes isolated from domestic animals in Barcelona, Spain. Mycopathologia. 1997;137:107-113.
17. 17. Khosravi AR, Mahmoudi M. Dermatophytes isolated from domestic animals in Iran. Mycoses. 2003;46:222-225.
18. 18. Yahyaraeyat R, Shokri H, Khosravi AR, Soltani M, Erfanmanesh A, Nikaein D. Occurrence of animals dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran. J Zool. 2009;4(3):200-204.
19. 19. İlhan Z. Isolation of dermatophytes from cattle, sheep, goats and Van cats in Van and its around. Van Vet J. 2015;26(1):1-5.
20. 20. Selvi BI, Yıldırım M. Isolation of dermatophytes from cats and dogs in Ankara. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2019;35(3):170-174.
21. 21. Seker E, Dogan N. Isolation of dermatophytes from dogs and cats with suspected dermatophytosis in Western Turkey. Prev Vet Med. 2011;98(1):46-51.
22. 22. Çiftçi A, Iça T, Sareyyüboğlu B, Müştak HK. Kedi ve köpek dermatofitozlarından izole edilen mantarların retros-pektif değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2005;52:45-48.
23. 23. Derincegöz Z, Parın U. Kedi ve köpeklerde deri lezyonlarından dermatofit etkenlerinin izolasyonu. Animal Health, Prod and Hyg. 2016;5(1):410-415.
24. 24. Yapıcıer ÖŞ, Şababoğlu E, Öztürk D, Pehlivanoğlu F, M Kaya Türütoğlu H. Kedi ve Köpeklerden Dermatofitlerin İzolasyonu. MAE Vet Fak Derg. 2017;2(2):125130.
25. 25. Sığırcı BD, Metiner K, Çelik B, Kahraman BB, İkiz S, Bağcıgil AF, et al. Dermatophytes Isolated From Dogs and Cats Suspected Dermatophytoses in Istanbul, Turkey Within A 15-Year-Period: An Updated Report. Kocatepe Vet J. 2019;12(2):116-121.
26. 26. Cafarchia C, Romito D, Sasanelli M, Lia R, Capelli G, Otranto D. The epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytoses in southern Italy. Mycoses. 2004;47(11-12):508-513.
27. 27. Beraldo RM, Gasparoto AK, de Siqueira AM, Dias ALT. Dermatophytes in household cats and dogs. Rev Bras Med Vet. 2011;18(2/3):85-91.
28. 28. Murmu S, Debnath C, Pramanik AK, Mitra T, Jana S, Dey S, Banerjee S, Batabyal K. Detection and characterization of zoonotic dermatophytes from dogs and cats in and around Kolkata. Vet World. 2015;8(9):1078-1082.
29. 29. Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Cecchi S, Corazza M, Taccini F. Dermatophytes isolated from symptomatic dogs and cats in Tuscany, Italy during a 15-year-period. Mycopathologia. 2003;156(1):13-18.
30. 30. Tel OY, Akan M. Kedi ve köpeklerden dermatofitlerin izolasyonu. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2008;55:167-171.
31. 31. Babacan O, Baş B, Müştak HK, Șahan O, Tekin O, Torun E. Retrospective evolution of dermatophytes isolated from cats and dogs. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 2011;22:23-26.
32. 32. Roshanzamir H, Naserli S, Ziaie B, Fakour M. Incidence of dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats in the city of Baku, Azerbaijan. Comp Clin Path. 2016;25:327-329.
33. 33. Maurice MN, Kazeem HM, Kwanashie CN, Maurice NA, Ngbede EO, Adamu HN, et al. Equine dermatophytosis: a survey of its occurrence and species distribution among horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Scientifica. 2016;2016:6280646.
34. 34. ElAshmawy WR, Ali ME. Identification of different dermatophytes isolated from cattle, cats and horses suffered from skin lesions. Alex J Vet Sci. 2016;49(2):126-132.
35. 35. Ahdy AM, Sayed-Ahmed MZ, Younis EE, Baraka HN, El-khodery SA. Prevalence and potential risk factors of dermatophytosis in Arabian horses in Egypt. J Equine Vet Sci. 2016;37:71-76.
36. 36. Yahyaei M, Ebrahimi MM. Survey on horse dermatophytosis in Golestan, Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 2000;51:137-41.
37. 37. Al-Qudah KM, Gharaibeh AA, Maysa’a M. Trace minerals status and antioxidant enzymes activities in calves with dermatophytosis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010;136:40-47.
38. 38. Dalis JS, Kazeem HM, Kwaga JKP, Kwanashie CN. An outbreak of ringworm caused by Trichophyton verrucosum in a group of calves in Vom, Nigeria. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2014;8(8):783-787.
39. 39. Golah HAM, Khalel AS, Khaled JMA, Shine K. Antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes isolated from domestic calves in Thamar, Yemen. J Anim Vet Adv. 2012;11(24):4544-4548.
40. 40. Özkanlar Y, Aktaş MS, Kireçci E. Mycozoonosis associated with ringworm of calves in Erzurum Province, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2009;15(1):141-144.
41. 41. Papini R, Nardoni S, Fanelli A, Mancianti F. High infection rate of Trichophyton verrucosum in calves from Central Italy. Zoonoses Public Hlth. 2009;56(2):5964.
42. 42. Gungnani HC, Sharma S, Gupta B. Keratinophilic fungi recovered from feathers of different species of birds in St Kitts and Nevis. W Indian Med J. 2012;61(9):912915.
43. 43. Mandeel Q, Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Keratinophilic fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in Bahrain. Mycoses. 2011;54:71-77.
44. 44. Alteraş, I, Cojocaru I. Microsporum gypseum infection in the parrot (Melopsittacus undulatus). Mycoses. 1970;13:377-379.