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Sığırlarda Süt Verimini Arttırmada Probiyotiklerin Kullanımı

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 153 - 162, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.331014

Öz

Organik hayvancılığın
önem kazandığı günümüz koşullarında, tüketici bilincinin de gelişmesiyle
birlikte hem insan hem de hayvan sağlığına zarar vermeksizin hayvansal ürün
miktarı ve kalitesini arttırıcı farklı yem katkı maddeleri arayışı gündeme
gelmiştir. Bu alternatif yem katkı maddelerinden biri olan probiyotiklerin,
hayvan besleme alanında oldukça geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
Söz konusu çalışmada, probiyotik kavramı, genel etki mekanizması, süt
sığırcılığında kullanım alanları ile süt verimini arttırmadaki rolü
incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tarım İstatistikleri Özeti; 2017. URL:http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24655# . 2. Seo JK, Kim SW, Kim MH, Upadhaya, SD, Kam DK, Ha JK. Direct-fed microbials for ruminant animals. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2010; 23(12): 1657–1667. 3. Rai V, Yadav B, Lakhani GP. Application of probiotic and prebiotic in animals production: A review. Environ & Ecol. 2013; 31(2B): 873—876. 4. Aydin R, Yanar M, Kocyigit R, Diler A, Ozkilicci TZ. Effect of direct-fed microbials plus enzyme supplementation on the fattening performance of Holstein young bulls at two different initial body weights. AJAR. 2009; 4(5): 548–552. 5. Pekel E, Ünalan A. Hayvansal Üretimde Ekolojik Tarımın Yeri ve Türkiye İçin Önemi. Türkiye I. Ekolojik Tarım Sempozyumu, 2001. 6. Ak İ, Kantar F. Türkiye’de Ekolojik Hayvancılık Potansiyeli ve Geleceği; 2007. URL:http://www.bahcesel.net/forumsel/organik-tarim-bilgileri/13054-turkiye8217ekolojik-hayvanc30 5l305k potansiyeli-ve-gelece287i/. 7. Kollath W. The increase of the diseases of civilization and their prevention. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1953; 95: 1260-1262. 8. Vanbelle N, Teller E, Focant M. Probiotics in Animal Nutrition. A Review. Archiv Anim Nutr. 1990; 40(7): 543-567. 9. Kullen MJ, Klaenhammer TR. Genetic modification of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In: Tannock G, editör. Probiotics: a Critical Review. 1st ed. p. 65-83. Wymondham: Horizon Scientific Press; 1999. 10. Sarıca Ş. Kanatlı hayvan beslemede probiyotik kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim. 1999; 39(40): 105-112. 11. Karademir G, Karademir B. Yem Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanılan Biyoteknolojik Ürünler. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg. 2003; 43(1): 61-74. 12. Işık M, Ekimler F, Probiyotik kullanmanın buzağı büyüme performansı ve sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2004; 28(1): 63-69. 13. Antunovic Z, Speranda M, Liker B, Seric V, Steiner Z, Domacinovic M, Influence of feeding the probiotic pioneer to growing lambs on performances and blood composition. Acta Vet. 2005; 55(4): 287-300. 14. Diler A. Probiyotik + Enzim Kombinasyonunun Esmer Irkı Buzağılarda Yemden Yararlanma ve Büyüme Performansı Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniv Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, 2007. 15. Kocaoğlu B, Kara K. Ruminant Beslemede Alternatif Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Kullanımı: 1. Probiyotik, Prebiyotik ve Enzim. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2009; 6(1): 65-75. 16. Uymaz B. Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg. 2010; 16(1): 95-104. 17. Lee YK, Salminen S. The coming age of preobiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol. 1995; 6(7): 241-245. 18. Salminen S, Deighton MA, Benno Y, Gorbach SL. Lactic acid bacteria in health and disease. In: Salminen S, von Wright A. Editors.. Lactic acid bacteria: microbiology and functional aspects. 2nd ed. p. 211-254. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1998. 19. Holzapfel WH, Schillinger U. Introductıon to pre- and probıotıcs. Food Res Int. 2002; 35: 109-116. 20. Billoo AG, Memon MA, Khaskheli SA, Murtaza G, Iqbal K, Shekhani MS, Siddiqi AQ. Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(28): 4557-4560. 21. Kim HS, Park H, Cho IY, Paik HD, Park E. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus, Bispan strain, modulates natıral killer cell and Tcell subset populations and immunoglobulin g levels in human subjects. J Med Food. 2006; (9): 321-327. 22. Kutlu HR, Serbester U. Ruminant Beslemede Son Gelişmeler. TURJAF. 2014; 2(1): 18-37. 23. Yalçın S, Çiftçi İ, Önal AG, Yılmaz A. Yem katkı maddelerinde gelişmeler. 3. Uluslararası Yem Kongresi ve Yem Sergisi, 1996. 24. Ewaschuk JB, Dieleman LA. Probiotics and prebiotics in choronic inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(37); 5941-5950. 25. Gürsoy O, Kınık Ö. Probiyotik Bakterilerin Klinik Uygulamalarında Yeni Gelişmeler-I Ege Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg. 2006; 43(1): 181-188. 26. Nayir SM. Sütün Yoğurda Dönüşümü Sırasında İçerdiği Fenolik Antioksidan Maddelere Probiyotik Bakteri Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Edirne, 2008. 27. Bahadıroğlu E. Aviguard (Doğal Sindirim Sistemi Florası). Hayvancılık Yan Sanayi Ve Veteriner Hekimliği Dergisi. 1997; 17(1): 5-8. 28. Rastall R, Gibson GR, Gill HS, Guarner F, Klaenhammer TR, Pot B, Reid G, Rowland IR, Sanders ME. Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enchence human health: An overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2005; 2: 145-152 29. Dhama K, Mahendran M, Tomar S, Chauhan RS. Beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics in livestock and poultry: The current perspectives. Intas Polivet. 2008; 9(1): 1–2. 30. Broadway P, Carroll J, Callaway T. Alternative antimicrobial supplements that positively impact animal health and food safety. Agric Food Anal Bacteriol. 2014; 4(2): 109–121. 31. Krehbiel CR, Rust SR, Zhang G, Gilliland SE. Bacterial direct-fed microbials in ruminant diets: Performance response and mode of action. J Anim Sci. 2003; 81(14): 120-132. 32. Wallace RJ, Newbold CJ. Microbial feed additives for ruminants. In: Wallace RJ, Chesson A, editors. Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding. p 101-125. Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH; 2007. 33. Bertrand JA, Grimes LW, Influence of tallow and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract in dairy cattle rations. J Dairy Sci. 1997; 80(6): 1179-84. 34. Kurtoglu V, Kurtoglu F, Seker E, Coskun B, Balevi T, Polat ES. Effect of probiotic supplementation on laying hen diets on yield performance and serum and egg yolk cholesterol. Food Add Cont. 2004; 21(9): 817-823. 35. Sarıpınar D, Sulu N. Ruminantlarda probiyotiklerin kullanımı ve rumene etkileri. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2005; 11(1): 93-98. 36. Maamouri O, Selmi H, M’hamdi N. Effects Of Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Feed Supplement on Milk Productıon and its Composıtıon in Tunisian Holstein Friesian Cows. SAB. 2014; 45(3): 170–174. 37. AlZahal O, McGill H, Kleinberg A, Holliday JI, Hindrichsen IK, Duffield TF, McBride BW. Use of a direct-fed microbial product as a supplement during the transition period in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 2014; 97 (11): 7102–7114. 38. Puniya AK, Salem AZM, Kumar S, Dagar SS, Griffith GW, Puniya M, Ravella SR, Kumar N, Dhewa T, Kumar R. Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review. J Int Agric. 2015; 14(3): 550–560. 39. Meyer AL, Elmadfa I, Herbacek I, Micksche M. Probiotic, as well as conventional yogurt, can enhance the stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines. J Human Nutri Diet. 2007; 20(6): 590–598. 40. Dubey V, Ghosh AR. Probiotics cross talk with multi cell signaling in colon carcinogenesis. J Prob Health. 2013; 1(109): 2–5. 41. Ekwemalor K, Asiamah E, Adjei-Fremah S, Worku M. Effect of a mushroom (Coriolus versicolor) based probiotic on goat health. Am J Anim Vet Sci. 2016; 11(3): 108–118. 42. Adjei-Fremah S, Ekwemalor K, Asiamah EK, Ismail H. Ibrahim S, Worku M. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and global gene expression in dairy cows. J Appl Anim Res. 2017; 1-7. DOI:10.1080/09712119.2017.1292913. 43. Higginbotham GE, Collar CA, Aseltine MS, Bath DL. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae extract on milk yield in a commercial dairy herd. J Dairy Sci. 1994; 77(1): 343-348. 44. Schingoethe DJ, Linke KN, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR. Feed efficiency of midlactation dairy cows fed yeast culture during summer. J Dairy Sci. 2004; 87(12): 4178-4180. 45. Onderci M, Sahin N, Cikim G, Aydin A, Ozercan I, Ozkose E, Ekinci S, Hayirli A, Sahin K. β-Glucanase –producing bacterial culture improves performance and nutrient utilization and alters gut morphology of broilers fed a barley-based diet. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 2008; 146: 87-97. 46. Kantautaite J, Oberauskas V, Sutkeviciene R, Sederevicius A. The effect of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus on the microbiological parameters in the faeces of neonate calves. Vet Med Zoot. 2006; 36(58). ISSN 1392-2130. 47. Penna FJ, Calcado AC, Junior HR, Nicolli JR. Up-to-date clinical and experimental basis for the use of probiotics. J Pediatr. 2000; 76(2): 209-217. 48. Singh SK, Niranjan PS, Singh UB, Koley S, Verma DN. Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on broiler chicken. Ani Fed Sci. 2009; 9(1): 23-24. 49. Shori AB. The potential applications of probiotics on dairy and non-dairy foods focusing on viability during storage. ISBAB. 2015; 4(4): 423-431. 50. Sretenović L, Petrović MP, Aleksić S, Pantelić V, Katić V, Bogdanović V, Beskorovajni R. Influence of yeast, probiotics and enzymes in rations on dairy cows performances during transition. Biotechnol Anim Husb. 2008; 24(5-6): 33-43. 51. Stein DR, Allen DT, Perry EB, Bruner JC, Gates KW, Renberger TG, Mertz K, Jones D, Spicer L. Effects of feeding propionic bacteria to dairy cows on milk yield, milk components, and reproduction. J Dairy Sci. 2006; 89(1): 111-125. 52. Buts JP, Bernasconi P, Valrman JP, Dive C. Stimulation of secretory IgA and secretory component of immunoglobulins in small intestine of rats treated with Saccharomyces boulardi. Dig Dis Sci. 1990; 35(2): 251-256. 53. Shriver-Munsch CM. Effect of feeding various dosages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on health, reproduction, and costs in multiparous dairy cows. MVSc Oregon State University, Doctoral dissertation, Corvallis, 2011. 54. Newbold CJ, Wıllıams PEV, Mckaın N, Walker A, Wallace RJ. The effect of yeast culture on yeast numbers and fermentation in the rumen of sheep. Proc Nutr Soc. 1990; 49: 474. 55. Dawson KA. Biotechnology in the feed industry, Proceedings of Alltech's 9th Annual Symposium, T P Lyons Ed Alltech's Technical Puplications, 1990. 56. Williams PEV, Tait CAG, Innes GM, Newbold CJ. Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steers. J Anim Sci. 1991; 69: 3016-3026. 57. Guedes CM, Goncalves D, Rodrigues MAM, Dias-Da-Silva A. Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on ruminal fermentation and fiber degradation of maize silages in cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2008; 145(1): 27- 40. 58. Aikman PC, Henning PH, Humphries DJ, Horn CH. Rumen pH and fermentation characteristics in dairy cows supplemented with megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 in early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2011; 94: 2840–2849. 59. Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ, Morgavi DP, Ghorbani GR, Kautz W. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials and yeast on site and extent of digestion, blood chemistry, and subclinical ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci. 2003; 81(6): 1628-1640. 60. Auclair E. Yeast as an example of the mode of action of probiotics in monogastric and ruminant species. CIHEAM. 2001; 54: 45-53. 61. Harrison GA, Hemken RW, Dawson KA, Harmon RJ, Barker KB. Influence of addition of yeast culture supplement to diets of lactating cows on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations. J Dairy Sci. 1998; 71(11): 2967- 2975. 62. Jounay JP. Optimizing rumen functions in the close-up transition period and early lactation to drive dry matter intake and energy balance in cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006; 96(3): 250–264. 63. Beev G, Todorova P, Tchobanova S. Yeast cultures in ruminant nutrition. Bulg J Agric Sci. 2007; 13: 357-374. 64. Braat H, Van den Brande J, Van Tol E, Hommes D, Peppelenbosch M, Van Deventer S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induces peripheral hyporesponsiveness in stimulated CD4+ T cells via modulation of dendritic cell function. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80(6): 1618–1625. 65. Rautray AK, Patra RC, Sardar KK, Sahoo G. Potential of probiotics in livestock production. EAMR. 2011; 1: 20-28. 66. Ayad MA, Benallou B, Saim MS, Smadi MA, Meziane T. Impact of feeding yeast culture on milk yield, milk components, and blood components in Algerian dairy herds. J Vet Sci Technol. 2013; 4(2): 135-140. 67. Kudrna V, Polakova K, Lang P, Doležal J. The effect of different yeast strains on milk yield, fatty acids profile and physiological parameters in dairy cows. 57th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production Meeting, Stočarstvo, 2007. 68. Shreedhar JN, Patil M, Kumar P. Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Milk Yield and Its Composition in Lactating Holstein Fresien and Deoni Cross Bred Cows. J Med Biol Eng. 2016; 5(1): 19-23. 69. 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Probiotic Usage for Increasing Milk Yield in Cattle

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 153 - 162, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.331014

Öz

In present conditions that organic livestock gain importance, the search of different feed
additives increasing the quantity and quality of animal products without harming human
and animal health has become a current issue with the development of consumer awareness.
Probiotics, one of these alternative feed additives, are seen to have a wide application in the field
of animal nutrition. In this study, probiotic definition, general mechanism of action, usage area
in dairy cattle with the role of increasing milk yield were examinated. 

Kaynakça

  • 1. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tarım İstatistikleri Özeti; 2017. URL:http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24655# . 2. Seo JK, Kim SW, Kim MH, Upadhaya, SD, Kam DK, Ha JK. Direct-fed microbials for ruminant animals. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2010; 23(12): 1657–1667. 3. Rai V, Yadav B, Lakhani GP. Application of probiotic and prebiotic in animals production: A review. Environ & Ecol. 2013; 31(2B): 873—876. 4. Aydin R, Yanar M, Kocyigit R, Diler A, Ozkilicci TZ. Effect of direct-fed microbials plus enzyme supplementation on the fattening performance of Holstein young bulls at two different initial body weights. AJAR. 2009; 4(5): 548–552. 5. Pekel E, Ünalan A. Hayvansal Üretimde Ekolojik Tarımın Yeri ve Türkiye İçin Önemi. Türkiye I. Ekolojik Tarım Sempozyumu, 2001. 6. Ak İ, Kantar F. Türkiye’de Ekolojik Hayvancılık Potansiyeli ve Geleceği; 2007. URL:http://www.bahcesel.net/forumsel/organik-tarim-bilgileri/13054-turkiye8217ekolojik-hayvanc30 5l305k potansiyeli-ve-gelece287i/. 7. Kollath W. The increase of the diseases of civilization and their prevention. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1953; 95: 1260-1262. 8. Vanbelle N, Teller E, Focant M. Probiotics in Animal Nutrition. A Review. Archiv Anim Nutr. 1990; 40(7): 543-567. 9. Kullen MJ, Klaenhammer TR. Genetic modification of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In: Tannock G, editör. Probiotics: a Critical Review. 1st ed. p. 65-83. Wymondham: Horizon Scientific Press; 1999. 10. Sarıca Ş. Kanatlı hayvan beslemede probiyotik kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim. 1999; 39(40): 105-112. 11. Karademir G, Karademir B. Yem Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanılan Biyoteknolojik Ürünler. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg. 2003; 43(1): 61-74. 12. Işık M, Ekimler F, Probiyotik kullanmanın buzağı büyüme performansı ve sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2004; 28(1): 63-69. 13. Antunovic Z, Speranda M, Liker B, Seric V, Steiner Z, Domacinovic M, Influence of feeding the probiotic pioneer to growing lambs on performances and blood composition. Acta Vet. 2005; 55(4): 287-300. 14. Diler A. Probiyotik + Enzim Kombinasyonunun Esmer Irkı Buzağılarda Yemden Yararlanma ve Büyüme Performansı Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniv Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, 2007. 15. Kocaoğlu B, Kara K. Ruminant Beslemede Alternatif Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Kullanımı: 1. Probiyotik, Prebiyotik ve Enzim. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2009; 6(1): 65-75. 16. Uymaz B. Probiyotikler ve Kullanım Alanları. Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg. 2010; 16(1): 95-104. 17. Lee YK, Salminen S. The coming age of preobiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol. 1995; 6(7): 241-245. 18. Salminen S, Deighton MA, Benno Y, Gorbach SL. Lactic acid bacteria in health and disease. In: Salminen S, von Wright A. Editors.. Lactic acid bacteria: microbiology and functional aspects. 2nd ed. p. 211-254. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1998. 19. Holzapfel WH, Schillinger U. Introductıon to pre- and probıotıcs. Food Res Int. 2002; 35: 109-116. 20. Billoo AG, Memon MA, Khaskheli SA, Murtaza G, Iqbal K, Shekhani MS, Siddiqi AQ. Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(28): 4557-4560. 21. Kim HS, Park H, Cho IY, Paik HD, Park E. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus, Bispan strain, modulates natıral killer cell and Tcell subset populations and immunoglobulin g levels in human subjects. J Med Food. 2006; (9): 321-327. 22. Kutlu HR, Serbester U. Ruminant Beslemede Son Gelişmeler. TURJAF. 2014; 2(1): 18-37. 23. Yalçın S, Çiftçi İ, Önal AG, Yılmaz A. Yem katkı maddelerinde gelişmeler. 3. Uluslararası Yem Kongresi ve Yem Sergisi, 1996. 24. Ewaschuk JB, Dieleman LA. Probiotics and prebiotics in choronic inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(37); 5941-5950. 25. Gürsoy O, Kınık Ö. Probiyotik Bakterilerin Klinik Uygulamalarında Yeni Gelişmeler-I Ege Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg. 2006; 43(1): 181-188. 26. Nayir SM. Sütün Yoğurda Dönüşümü Sırasında İçerdiği Fenolik Antioksidan Maddelere Probiyotik Bakteri Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Edirne, 2008. 27. Bahadıroğlu E. Aviguard (Doğal Sindirim Sistemi Florası). Hayvancılık Yan Sanayi Ve Veteriner Hekimliği Dergisi. 1997; 17(1): 5-8. 28. Rastall R, Gibson GR, Gill HS, Guarner F, Klaenhammer TR, Pot B, Reid G, Rowland IR, Sanders ME. Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enchence human health: An overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2005; 2: 145-152 29. Dhama K, Mahendran M, Tomar S, Chauhan RS. Beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics in livestock and poultry: The current perspectives. Intas Polivet. 2008; 9(1): 1–2. 30. Broadway P, Carroll J, Callaway T. Alternative antimicrobial supplements that positively impact animal health and food safety. Agric Food Anal Bacteriol. 2014; 4(2): 109–121. 31. Krehbiel CR, Rust SR, Zhang G, Gilliland SE. Bacterial direct-fed microbials in ruminant diets: Performance response and mode of action. J Anim Sci. 2003; 81(14): 120-132. 32. Wallace RJ, Newbold CJ. Microbial feed additives for ruminants. In: Wallace RJ, Chesson A, editors. Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding. p 101-125. Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH; 2007. 33. Bertrand JA, Grimes LW, Influence of tallow and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract in dairy cattle rations. J Dairy Sci. 1997; 80(6): 1179-84. 34. Kurtoglu V, Kurtoglu F, Seker E, Coskun B, Balevi T, Polat ES. Effect of probiotic supplementation on laying hen diets on yield performance and serum and egg yolk cholesterol. Food Add Cont. 2004; 21(9): 817-823. 35. Sarıpınar D, Sulu N. Ruminantlarda probiyotiklerin kullanımı ve rumene etkileri. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2005; 11(1): 93-98. 36. Maamouri O, Selmi H, M’hamdi N. Effects Of Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Feed Supplement on Milk Productıon and its Composıtıon in Tunisian Holstein Friesian Cows. SAB. 2014; 45(3): 170–174. 37. AlZahal O, McGill H, Kleinberg A, Holliday JI, Hindrichsen IK, Duffield TF, McBride BW. Use of a direct-fed microbial product as a supplement during the transition period in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 2014; 97 (11): 7102–7114. 38. Puniya AK, Salem AZM, Kumar S, Dagar SS, Griffith GW, Puniya M, Ravella SR, Kumar N, Dhewa T, Kumar R. Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review. J Int Agric. 2015; 14(3): 550–560. 39. Meyer AL, Elmadfa I, Herbacek I, Micksche M. Probiotic, as well as conventional yogurt, can enhance the stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines. J Human Nutri Diet. 2007; 20(6): 590–598. 40. 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Deniz Alıç Ural

Songül Toplu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alıç Ural, D., & Toplu, S. (2017). Sığırlarda Süt Verimini Arttırmada Probiyotiklerin Kullanımı. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 2(2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.331014