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Canine visceral leishmaniasis’de p dalgadispersiyonu ve kardiyak troponin I konsantrasyonu

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 16, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.306728

Öz

Canine Visseral Leishmanisis (CVL), Eski Dünya ülkelerinde Leishmania infantum'dan (L. infantum) kaynaklanan ölümcül, kronik
sistemik bir hastalıktır. Enfeksiyonda köpekler ev sahibi ve rezervuar rolünü
oynar. Bu bağlamda, bulaşmış köpekler hem insanlara hem de diğer köpeklere
yönelik bir tehdittir. L. infantum
ile enfekte olan köpeklerde güncel literatürde diğer etkilenen organlara ve
sistemlere ek olarak kardiyak tutulum da bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada,
bilgisayarlı elektrokardiyografi ile atriyal iletim süresinin ölçülmesi
yoluylaPd'nin kullanımı ve bununla birlikte kardiyak troponin I (CTnI) seviyesinde
belirlenen değişikliklerin, CVL'li köpeklerin evrelerine göre muhtemel kalp
hasarının klinik olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.



Hipertrikozis, perioküler
alopesi, kilo kaybı, onikogripozis, lenfadenopati, hepatosplenomegali ve deri
lezyonları (şiddetli kabuklanma, alopesi ile uyumlu eksfoliatif dermatitis) ve
/ veya anoreksiya gibi bir veya daha fazla klinik bulgunun bulunduğu her iki
cinsiyetten ve çeşitli yaştan toplam 24 köpek, karşılaştırma için sağlıklı
kontrol grubunda ve kardiyak hasarın varlığı, niteliği ve seviyesini belirlemek
için CVL'li köpeklerde, bilgisayarlı 12 uçlu EKG cihazı [dinlenme ve 50 mm /
sn'de 1 mV / cm amplitüd] ( Pd ölçümü)] ve serum CTnI konsantrasyonları, türe
özgü ticari test kiti kullanılarak ölçüldü.



Farklı klinik işareti
olan / olmayan CVL (IFAT pozitif) ile enfekte 18 köpek, üç farklı gruba (n = 6)
alındı; yukarıda bahsedilen klinik belirtiden, tek klinik belirtiyle
(oligosemptomatik) I grubuna dahil olanlar; iki veya çok sayıda klinik
bulguları olan (polisemptomatik) II. grupta ve asemptomatik köpeklere III. grup
dahil edildi. Herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan CVL negatif sağlıklı köpekler IV.
gruba dahil edildi.



CVL ile enfekte 18
köpekten 10'unda tüm polimerik semptomları olan köpeklerle yüksek düzeyde cTnI
konsantrasyonu tespit edildi. Kontrol grubunun tüm vakalarında cTnI seviyeleri
referans aralık [<0.03 ng / dL] idi. Her bir grubun karşılaştırılmasında
bile, CVL pozitif ve kontrol köpekleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
bir fark bulunamamıştır (p> 0.05). Pd değerlerinin ortalama ± standart
sapması sırasıyla kontrol grubu, asemptomatik grup, oligosemptomatik grup ve
polisemptomatik grupta 22.76 ± 3.12, 22.03 ± 0.80, 22.73 ± 0.80 ve 25.67 ± 1.41
idi. Gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında, polisemptomatik grup kontrol
grubundan (p = 0.026), asemptomatik (p = 0.012) ve oligosemptomatik (p = 0.027)
gruptan anlamlı farklılık gösterdi.



Bu çalışmada CVL pozitif
ve kontrol olgular arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmasa da,
bireysel artışın hastalığa bağlı olarak miyokardit ile ilişkili
olabileceğinigöstermnektedir. Ayrıca, özellikle polisemptomatik köpeklerde
saptanan ortalama Pd değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu iddia
edilebilirken bu durum sağlıklı köpeklerde bildirilen ortalama Pd değerlerine
dayalı referans aralıklarında kabul edilebilmekıtedir. Ancak, enfekte
köpeklerin her bir grupta 6 adet olduğu düşünülürse, daha fazla sayıdaki
olgunun araştırılmasının garanti altına alınabileceği iddia edilebilir.






 

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCES 1. Alvar J, Canavate C, Molina R, Moreno J, Nieto J. Canine leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol, 2004; 57: 1–88. 2. Baneth G, Koutinas AF, Solano–Gallego L, Bourdeau P, Ferrer L. Canine leishmaniosis new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: Part one. Trends Parasitol, 2008; 24: 324–330. 3. Font A, Durall N, Domingo M, Closa JM, Mascort J, Ferrer L. Cardiac tamponade in a dog with visceral leishmaniosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1993; 29: 95–100. 4. Zabala EE, Ramírez OJ, Bermúdez V. Leishmaniasis visceral em um canino. Rev Fac Cienc Vet Univ Cent Venez. 2005; 46: 43-50. 5. Torrent E, Leiva M, Segalés J, Franch J, Peña T, Cabrera B, Pastor J. Myocarditis and generalised vasculitis associated with leishmaniosis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract. 2005; 46: 549–552. 6. Lopez-Pena M, Aleman N, Munoz F, Fondevila D, Suarez ML, Goicoa A, Nieto JM. Visceral leishmaniasis with cardiac involvement in a dog a case report. Acta Vet Scand. 2009; 51: 20. 7. Alves GBB, Pinho FA, Silva SMMS, Cruz MSP, Costa FAL. Cardiac and pulmonary alterations in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs infected naturally with Leishmania chagasi. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2010; 43: 310-315. 8. Rosa FA, Leite JHAC, Braga ET, Moreira PRR, Baltazar FH, Biondo AW, Padua PPM, Vasconcelos RO, Camacho AA, Ferreira WL, Machado GF, Marcondes M. Cardiac Lesions in 30 Dogs Naturally Infected With Leishmania infantum chagasi. Vet Pathol. 2014; 51(3): 603-606. 9. Dos Santos FP, Pascon JPE, Pereira DTP, Anjos BL, Mistieri MLA, Silveira ID, Porciuncula ML. Clinical and histopathological features of myocarditis in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2015; 67(6): 1519-1527. 10. Abranches P, Santos-Gomes G, Rachamım N, Campıno L, Schnur Lf, Jaffe Cl. An experimental model for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Immunol. 1991; 13(5): 537-550. 11. Assis J, Queiroz NM, Silveira RC, Nunes CM, Oliveira TM, Junior AC, Neves MF, Machado RZ, Buzetti WA. Estudocomparativo dos métodosdiagnósticos para leishmaniose visceral emcãesoriundos de IlhaSolteira, SP. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2010; 19: 17-25. 12. de Queiroz NM, Assis JD, Oliveira TM, Machado RZ, Nunes CM, Starke-Buzetti WA. Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis by immunohistochemistry and PCR in skin tissues in association with RIFI and ELISA-test. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2010; 19(1): 32-38. 13. de Queiroz NMGP, da Silveira RCV, de Noronha ACF, Oliveira TMFS, Machado RZ, Starke-Buzetti WA. Detection of Leishmania (L.) chagasi in canine skin. VetParasitol. 2011; 178(1): 1-8. 14. Ciaramella P, Oliva G, De luna R, Grandoni L, Ambrosio R, Cortese L, Scalone A, Persechıno A. A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet Rec. 1997; 141: 539–543. 15. Moreira M, Luvizotto M, Garcia J, Corbett C, Laurenti M. Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs with different clinical signs. VetParasitol. 2007; 145: 245–252. 16. Coelho EA, Ramírez L, Costa MA, Coelho VT, Martins VT, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Abánades DR. Specific serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis using Leishmania species ribosomal protein extracts. ClinVacImmunol. 2009; 16(12): 1774-1780. 17. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Szałas A, Pasławska U, Nicpoń J. Comparison of P-wave dispersion in healthy dogs, dogs with chronic valvular disease and dogs with disturbances of supraventricular conduction. Acta Vet Scand. 2011; 53(1): 18. 18. Kraus MS, Moise NS, Rashniw M, Dykes N, Erb HN. Morphology of ventricular arrhythmias in the boxer as measured by 12-lead electrocardiography with pace-mapping comparison. J VetIntMed. 2002; 16: 153-158. 19. Dilaveris PE, Färbom P, Batchvarov V, Ghuran A, Malik M. Circadian Behavior of P‐Wave Duration, P‐Wave Area, and PR Interval in Healthy Subjects. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2001; 6(2): 92-97. 20. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Pasławska U, Szałas A, Nicpoń J. P-wave dispersion in healthy dogs. A preliminary study. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2008; 52: 683–688. 21. Villani GQ, Piepoli M, Rosi A, Capucci A. P-wave dispersion index: a marker of patients with paroxysmal atria fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 1996; 55: 169-175. 22. Dilaveris PE, Gialafos EJ, Andrikopoulos GK, Richter DJ, Papanikolaou V, Poralis K, Gialafos JE. Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of recurrent atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000; 23: 352-358. 23. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Szałas A, Pasławska U, Nicpon J. Comparison of P-wave dispersion in healthy dogs, dogs with chronic valvular disease, and dogs with disturbances of supraventricular conduction. Acta VetScand. 2010; 53: 18. 24. Noszczyk-Nowak A. P-wave dispersion in prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm after an electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in dogs. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2012; 56: 99-102. 25. Sousa MG, Carareto R, Silva JG, Oliveira J. Assessment of the electrocardiogram in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Pesqui Vet Bras. 2013; 33(5): 643-647. 26. Luciani A, Sconza S, Civitella C, Guglielmini C. Evaluation of the cardiac toxicity of N-methyl-glucamine antimoniate in dogs with naturally occurring leishmaniasis. Vet J. 2013; 196: 119-121. 27. Ural K, Nakipoğlu D, Balıkçı C. Canine visceral leishmaniasis’te P dalga dispersiyonu. X. Ulusal Veteriner İç Hastalıkları Kongresi Kapadokya, Nevşehir Türkiye 27 – 30 Haziran. 2013, poster bildirisi. 28. Silvestrini P, Piviani M, Alberola J, Rodrigues-Cortes A, Planellas M, Roura X, O’Brein PJ, Pastor J. Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with leishmaniasis: correlation with age and clinicopathologic abnormalities. Vet ClinPathol. 2012; 41(4): 568-574. 29. Mendes RS, GurjãoI TA, Oliveira LM, Santana VL, Tafuri WL, Santos JRS, Dantas AFM, Souza AP. Chronic myocarditis in a dog naturally infected by Leishmania infantum chagasi: clinical and pathological aspects. ArqBras Med Vet Zootec. 2014;  66(1): 79-84. 30. Xenoulis PG, Saridomichelakis MN, Chatzis MK, Kasabalis D, Petanides T, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Prospective evaluation of serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity and troponin I concentrations in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated with meglumine antimonate. Vet Parasitol. 2014; 203(3-4): 326-330.

P wave dispersion and cardiac troponin i concentration in canine visceral leishmaniasis*

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 16, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.306728

Öz

Canine
Visceral Leishmanisis (CVL) is mostly fatal chronic systemic disease caused by Leishmaniainfantum (L. infantum) in the
Old World countries. In infection, dogs plays both host and reservoir role. By
this context, infected dogs are a threat to both people and other dogs. In dogs
infected with L. infantum, cardiac
involvement in addition to the other affected organs and systems were also
reported in the updated literatures. In the present study, the aim was to
clinically evaluate the probable cardiac damage in dogs with CVL according to
its stage via measuring atrial conduction time by use of Pd determined within
computerized electrocardiography and cardiac troponin I (CTnI) level.

A
total of 24 dogs, of both sexes and various ages, referred with one or more of
the clinical findings such as hypertrichosis, periocular alopecia, weight loss,
onychogryphosis, skin lesions (severe scaling, exfoliative dermatitis
compatible with alopecia) and/or anorexia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly.
In the healthy control group for comparison and in dogs with CVL to determine
presence, nature and level of cardiac damage, the evaluations were performed
with computerized 12-lead ECG device [(1 mV/cm amplitude in resting and 50
mm/sec) (Pd measurement)] and serum CTnI concentrations were measured by using
species specific commercial test kit.

Eighteen
dogs infected with CVL (IFAT positive) with/without different clinical sign
were enrolled into three different groups (n=6); of the above mentioned
clinical sign, to those of which with single clinical sign (oligosymptomatic)
were included in the group I; those with multiple or several clinical signs
(polysymptomatic) were included in the group II; and asymptomatic dogs were
included group III. CVL-negative healthy dogs without any disease were left in
group IV.

High
levels of cTnI concentration were detected in 10 of 18 dogs infected CVL with
all polysymptomatic dogs. In all cases of the control group, cTnI levels were
in the reference range [<0.03 ng/dL]. Even the comparison of each groups, no
statistically significance (p>0.05) was found between CVL positive and
control dogs.  Mean ± standard deviation
of Pd values were 22.76±3.12, 22.03±0.80, 22.73±0.80 and 25.67±1.41 in the
control group, asymptomatic group, oligosymptomatic group, and polysymptomatic
group, respectively. In comparison between groups, polysymptomatic group was
significantly different than control (p = 0.026), asymptomatic (p = 0.012) and
oligosymptomatic (p = 0.027) groups.




























Although
a statistically significant difference was not found between CVL positive and
control dogs in the present study, it was suggested that the individual
increase may be associated with myocarditis due to disease. Besides, it may be
claimed that the mean Pd values determined in especially polysymptomatic dogs
was higher compared to the control group, whereas this may be accepted in the
reference ranges based on mean Pd values reported in healthy dogs. However
considering infected dogs population as 6 in each group, it may be safely
claimed that further investigations regarding greater number of cases the may
be warranted.

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCES 1. Alvar J, Canavate C, Molina R, Moreno J, Nieto J. Canine leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol, 2004; 57: 1–88. 2. Baneth G, Koutinas AF, Solano–Gallego L, Bourdeau P, Ferrer L. Canine leishmaniosis new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: Part one. Trends Parasitol, 2008; 24: 324–330. 3. Font A, Durall N, Domingo M, Closa JM, Mascort J, Ferrer L. Cardiac tamponade in a dog with visceral leishmaniosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1993; 29: 95–100. 4. Zabala EE, Ramírez OJ, Bermúdez V. Leishmaniasis visceral em um canino. Rev Fac Cienc Vet Univ Cent Venez. 2005; 46: 43-50. 5. Torrent E, Leiva M, Segalés J, Franch J, Peña T, Cabrera B, Pastor J. Myocarditis and generalised vasculitis associated with leishmaniosis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract. 2005; 46: 549–552. 6. Lopez-Pena M, Aleman N, Munoz F, Fondevila D, Suarez ML, Goicoa A, Nieto JM. Visceral leishmaniasis with cardiac involvement in a dog a case report. Acta Vet Scand. 2009; 51: 20. 7. Alves GBB, Pinho FA, Silva SMMS, Cruz MSP, Costa FAL. Cardiac and pulmonary alterations in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs infected naturally with Leishmania chagasi. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2010; 43: 310-315. 8. Rosa FA, Leite JHAC, Braga ET, Moreira PRR, Baltazar FH, Biondo AW, Padua PPM, Vasconcelos RO, Camacho AA, Ferreira WL, Machado GF, Marcondes M. Cardiac Lesions in 30 Dogs Naturally Infected With Leishmania infantum chagasi. Vet Pathol. 2014; 51(3): 603-606. 9. Dos Santos FP, Pascon JPE, Pereira DTP, Anjos BL, Mistieri MLA, Silveira ID, Porciuncula ML. Clinical and histopathological features of myocarditis in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2015; 67(6): 1519-1527. 10. Abranches P, Santos-Gomes G, Rachamım N, Campıno L, Schnur Lf, Jaffe Cl. An experimental model for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Immunol. 1991; 13(5): 537-550. 11. Assis J, Queiroz NM, Silveira RC, Nunes CM, Oliveira TM, Junior AC, Neves MF, Machado RZ, Buzetti WA. Estudocomparativo dos métodosdiagnósticos para leishmaniose visceral emcãesoriundos de IlhaSolteira, SP. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2010; 19: 17-25. 12. de Queiroz NM, Assis JD, Oliveira TM, Machado RZ, Nunes CM, Starke-Buzetti WA. Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis by immunohistochemistry and PCR in skin tissues in association with RIFI and ELISA-test. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2010; 19(1): 32-38. 13. de Queiroz NMGP, da Silveira RCV, de Noronha ACF, Oliveira TMFS, Machado RZ, Starke-Buzetti WA. Detection of Leishmania (L.) chagasi in canine skin. VetParasitol. 2011; 178(1): 1-8. 14. Ciaramella P, Oliva G, De luna R, Grandoni L, Ambrosio R, Cortese L, Scalone A, Persechıno A. A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet Rec. 1997; 141: 539–543. 15. Moreira M, Luvizotto M, Garcia J, Corbett C, Laurenti M. Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs with different clinical signs. VetParasitol. 2007; 145: 245–252. 16. Coelho EA, Ramírez L, Costa MA, Coelho VT, Martins VT, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Abánades DR. Specific serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis using Leishmania species ribosomal protein extracts. ClinVacImmunol. 2009; 16(12): 1774-1780. 17. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Szałas A, Pasławska U, Nicpoń J. Comparison of P-wave dispersion in healthy dogs, dogs with chronic valvular disease and dogs with disturbances of supraventricular conduction. Acta Vet Scand. 2011; 53(1): 18. 18. Kraus MS, Moise NS, Rashniw M, Dykes N, Erb HN. Morphology of ventricular arrhythmias in the boxer as measured by 12-lead electrocardiography with pace-mapping comparison. J VetIntMed. 2002; 16: 153-158. 19. Dilaveris PE, Färbom P, Batchvarov V, Ghuran A, Malik M. Circadian Behavior of P‐Wave Duration, P‐Wave Area, and PR Interval in Healthy Subjects. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2001; 6(2): 92-97. 20. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Pasławska U, Szałas A, Nicpoń J. P-wave dispersion in healthy dogs. A preliminary study. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2008; 52: 683–688. 21. Villani GQ, Piepoli M, Rosi A, Capucci A. P-wave dispersion index: a marker of patients with paroxysmal atria fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 1996; 55: 169-175. 22. Dilaveris PE, Gialafos EJ, Andrikopoulos GK, Richter DJ, Papanikolaou V, Poralis K, Gialafos JE. Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of recurrent atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000; 23: 352-358. 23. Noszczyk-Nowak A, Szałas A, Pasławska U, Nicpon J. Comparison of P-wave dispersion in healthy dogs, dogs with chronic valvular disease, and dogs with disturbances of supraventricular conduction. Acta VetScand. 2010; 53: 18. 24. Noszczyk-Nowak A. P-wave dispersion in prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm after an electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in dogs. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2012; 56: 99-102. 25. Sousa MG, Carareto R, Silva JG, Oliveira J. Assessment of the electrocardiogram in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Pesqui Vet Bras. 2013; 33(5): 643-647. 26. Luciani A, Sconza S, Civitella C, Guglielmini C. Evaluation of the cardiac toxicity of N-methyl-glucamine antimoniate in dogs with naturally occurring leishmaniasis. Vet J. 2013; 196: 119-121. 27. Ural K, Nakipoğlu D, Balıkçı C. Canine visceral leishmaniasis’te P dalga dispersiyonu. X. Ulusal Veteriner İç Hastalıkları Kongresi Kapadokya, Nevşehir Türkiye 27 – 30 Haziran. 2013, poster bildirisi. 28. Silvestrini P, Piviani M, Alberola J, Rodrigues-Cortes A, Planellas M, Roura X, O’Brein PJ, Pastor J. Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with leishmaniasis: correlation with age and clinicopathologic abnormalities. Vet ClinPathol. 2012; 41(4): 568-574. 29. Mendes RS, GurjãoI TA, Oliveira LM, Santana VL, Tafuri WL, Santos JRS, Dantas AFM, Souza AP. Chronic myocarditis in a dog naturally infected by Leishmania infantum chagasi: clinical and pathological aspects. ArqBras Med Vet Zootec. 2014;  66(1): 79-84. 30. Xenoulis PG, Saridomichelakis MN, Chatzis MK, Kasabalis D, Petanides T, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Prospective evaluation of serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity and troponin I concentrations in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs treated with meglumine antimonate. Vet Parasitol. 2014; 203(3-4): 326-330.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Kerem Ural

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ural, K. (2018). P wave dispersion and cardiac troponin i concentration in canine visceral leishmaniasis*. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 3(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.306728