Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 83 - 91, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1073019

Öz

Destekleyen Kurum

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

0556-DR-18

Teşekkür

Bu makale, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü Doktora Tez Projeleri kapsamında 0556-DR-18 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Alaçam E, Şahal M. Mastitis. In: Alaçam E, editör. Sığır Hastalıkları.1st ed. Ankara: Medisan Yayınları; 1997. p. 389-425.
  • 2. Avki S, Turutoglu H, Simsek A, Unsal A (2003). Clinical and immunological effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine on bovine papillomatosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2003; 98: 9-16.
  • 3. Balık Z. Köy koşullarında inek mastitislerinin yıl içinde dağılımları. Ankara: Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 1998. p. 1-35.
  • 4. Baştan A. İneklerde meme sağlığı ve sorunları. Genişletilmiş II. Baskı. Ankara: Kardelen Ofset Matbaacılık tanıtım Hizmetleri San. Tic. Ltd. Sti.; 2013. p. 1-394.
  • 5. Biricik HS, Keskin O, Çimtay I. Sığır papillomatozisinin tedavisinde otolog aşı ve otohemoterapi uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2003; 27: 703-707.
  • 6. Blood DC, Rodostits OM, Henderson JH. Veterinary Medicine, 7th ed. London: Bailiere Tindall; 1988. p. 838-840.
  • 7. Campo MS. Vaccination against papillomavirus. Cancer Cells. 1991; 3: 421-426.
  • 8. Campo MS. Vaccination against papillomavirus in cattle. Clin Dermatol. 1997; 15: 275-283.
  • 9. Campo MS. Papillomavirus and disease in humans and animals. Vet Comp Oncol. 2003; 1: 3-14.
  • 10. Campo MS. Bovine papillomavirus: old system, new lessons? In: Campo MS, ed. Papillomavirus Research: From Natural History To Vaccine and Beyond. England: Caister Academic Press; 2006. p. 459-472.
  • 11. Chambers G, Ellsmore V, O’Brien P, Reid S, Love S, Campo M et al. Sequence variants of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids. Virus Res. 2003; 96: 141-145.
  • 12. Chandran SR. Autogenous wart vaccine. Indian Vet J. 1961; 68: 152-155.
  • 13. Emre B, Alaçam E. İneklerde meme başı derisi ile delindiğinde şekillenen lezyonların dağılımı ve sütün somatik hücre sayısına etkileri. Ankara: Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2009. p. 1-93.
  • 14. Finlay M, Yuan Z, Burden F, Trawford A, Morgan IM, Campo MS, et al. (2009). The detection of bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA in flies. Virus Res. 2009; 144: 315–317.
  • 15. Freitas AC, Carvalho C, Brunner O, Birgel Jr. EH, Libera AMD, Benesi FJ, et al. (2003). Viral DNA sequences in peripheral blood and vertical transmission of the virus: a discussion about BPV-1. Braz J Microbiol. 2003; 34: 76-78.
  • 16. Freitas AC, Silva MAR, Carvalho CCR, Birgel Jr. EH, Santos JF, Becak W, et al. Papillomavirus DNA detection in non-epithelial tissues: a discussion about bovine papillomavirus, Comm Curr Res Edu Topic Trend Appl Microbiol. 2007; 1: 697-704.
  • 17. Freitas AC, Silva MAR, Jesus ALS, Mariz FC, Cordeiro MN, Albuquerque BMF, et al. Recent insights into bovine papillomavirus. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2011; 5: 6004-6012.
  • 18. Galloway DA. Papillomavirus vaccines in clinical trials. The Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3: 469-475.
  • 19. Gottschling M, Göker M, Stamatakis A, Olaf RP, Bininda-Emonds, Nindl I, et al. (2011). Quantifying the phylodynamic forces driving papillomavirus evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28: 2101-2113.
  • 20. Hamad MA, Al-Banna AS, Yaseen NY. Treatment of bovine papilloma. Proceeding of the eleventh veterinary scientific conference, University of Baghdad. 2012: 25-32.
  • 21. Hamad MA, Al-Shammari AM, Odisho SM, Yaseen NY. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 1: first report in Iraqi cattle. Adv Virol. 2016; 2016: 1–7.
  • 22. Hunt E. Fibropapillomatosis and papillomatosis. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Pract. 1984; 6: 163-167.
  • 23. Jana D. Studies on bovine and bubaline papillomatosis with special reference to its epidemiology, clinicopathology and therapeutics. India: PhD Thesis, Kayani University; 2015. p. 1-455.
  • 24. Keshavarz M, Nejad ASM, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Dianat-Moghadam H, Keyvani H, et al. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus reduces growth of cervical cancer cell by inducing apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020; 27: 47–52.
  • 25. Khalid N, Kamaruzaman INA, Yahya SNC, Azeez-Okene IA, Reduan MFH, Shaharulnizim N. Application of autogenous vaccine for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis type 2 in Malaysia. J Anim Health Prod. 2021; 9: 1-4.
  • 26. Lange CE, Favrot C. Canine papillomaviruses. Vet Clin Small Anim. 2011; 41: 1183–1195.
  • 27. Leder C, Kleinschmidt JA, Wiethe C, Muller M. Enhancement of capsid gene expression: preparing the human papillomavirus type 16 major structural gene L1 for DNA vaccination purposes. J Virol. 2001; 75: 9201-9209.
  • 28. Lesnik F, Bires J, Suli J. Autovaccination and metabolic profiles at bovine papillomatosis. Slovak Vet J. 1999; 24: 290-294.
  • 29. Lindsey CJ, Almeida ME, Vicari CF, Carvalho C, Yaguiu A, Freitas AC, et al. Bovine papillomavirus DNA in milk, blood, urine, semen, and spermatozoa of bovine papillomavirus-infected animals. Gen Mol Res. 2009; 8: 310-318.
  • 30. Mayilkumar K, Kokila S, Manimuthu P, Kuppusamy G. Formalin inactivated autogenous vaccine for treatment of papillomatosis in adult dairy cow. Indian J Vet Pathol. 2014; 91: 13-15.
  • 31. Mein GA, Neijenhuis F, Morgan WF, Reinemann DJ, Hillerton JE, Baines JR, et al. Evaluation of bovine teat condition in commercial dairy herds: 1. Non-infectious factors. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Mastitis and Milk Quality. 2001; Vancouver/Canada.
  • 32. Nasir L, Campo MS. Bovine papillomaviruses: their role in the aetiology of cutaneous tumors of bovids and equids. Vet Dermatol. 2008; 19: 243–254.
  • 33. Nasir L, Brandt S. Papillomavirus associated diseases of the horse. Vet Microbiol. 2013; 67: 159–167.
  • 34. Ndarathi CM, Mbuthia PG. Individual bovine specific and species specific autogenous vaccine. Indian J Anim Sci. 1994; 64: 218-221.
  • 35. Noorddin M, Das JG. Bovine cutaneus papillomatosis. Agri-Pract. 1984; 5: 33.
  • 36. Olson C. Papillomatosis in cattle. In: Howard JL, ed. Current Veterinary Therapy, Food Animal Practice. Philadelphia: WB Sounders Co.; 1986. p. 624-625.
  • 37. Özenç E. Sağım makinalarında vakum ve pulzasyona ilişkin sorunların meme sağlığına olan etkisi. Ankara: Doktora Semineri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2000.
  • 38. Prasad CB, Singh MP, Deokiouliyar UK. A note on successful treatment of generalised cutaneous papillomatosis with autogenous vaccine in cross-bred cattle. Indian Vet J. 1980; 57: 950-952.
  • 39. Puri OC, Delgado AC, Falcon NP, Manchego AS (2011). Effıcacy of the Newcastle disease vaccine on the control of bovine papilomatosis. Rev Inv Vet Peru 2011; 22: 388-393.
  • 40. Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC. Veterinary Medicine, 8th ed. London: Bailliere-Tindall; 1994. p. 1127-1130.
  • 41. Ranjan R, Ghumman S.P.S, Bhatt G.R, Singh R.S. Efficacy of autogenous vaccine and auto-hemotherapy in bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Intas Polivet 2013; 14: 411-414.
  • 42. Sadasiva RK, Babu RK, Solman RKG. Efficacy of autogenous vaccine in cutaneous papillomatosis of Ongole heifers. Indian J Anim Res. 2000; 34: 82-83.
  • 43. Scott DW, Anderson WI. Bovine cutaneous neoplasms: literature review and retropective analysis of 62 cases (1978 to 1990), Cont Educ Prac Vet. 1992; 14: 1405-1419.
  • 44. Silva MAR, Lima RCP, Cordeiro MN, Borzacchiello G, Freitas AC. Bovine papillomaviruses. In: Liu D, ed. Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens. Florida: CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2016. p. 727-734.
  • 45. Singh BK, Christopher KJ. Autogenous vaccine for warts in a buffalo. Indian Vet J. 1976; 53: 73.
  • 46. Smith BP. Papillomatosis (warts, fibropapillomas). In: Smith BP, ed. Large Animal Internal Medicine. Philadelphia. London. Tokyo: Mosby-Year Book: 1996. p. 1417-1418.
  • 47. Terziev G, Roydev R, Kalkanov I, Borissov I, Dinev I. Papillomatosis in heifers – Comparative studies on surgical excision and autogenous vaccine therapies. Trakia J Sci. 2015; 13: 274-279.
  • 48. Thaiya A.G., Gitau P, Gitau GK, Nyaga PN. Bovine papillomatosis and its management with an autogenous virus vaccine in Kiambu district, Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 2009; 33: 16-22.
  • 49. Wadhwa DR, Prasad B, Rao VN, Singh M. Efficacy of autoimmunization in bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Indian Vet J. 1995; 72: 971-972.
  • 50. Walter RJ, Attar BM, Rafiq A, Tejaswi S, Delimata M. Newcastle disease virus Lasota strain kills human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro with high selectivity. JOP. J Pancreas 2012; 13: 45-53.
  • 51. Yaguiu A, Carvalho C, Freitas AC, Goes LGB, Dagli MLZ, Birgel Jr. EH, et al. Papillomatosis in cattle: In situ detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA sequences in reproductive tissues. Braz J Morphol. 2006; 23: 525-529.

Farklı işletme koşullarında ineklerin meme başlarında bovine papillomavirus kaynaklı gelişen siğillerin tedavisinde uygulanan yöntemlerin (otolog aşı ve newcastle disease virus La sota suşu) değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 83 - 91, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1073019

Öz

Burdur-Merkez ve ilçelerinde halk elinde, farklı yapıdaki işletmelerde bulunan 106 adet dişi ineğin bovine papillomavirus (BPV) kaynaklı gelişen meme siğillerinden doku örnekleri toplandı. BPV tip spesifik primerleri açısından PCR testi ile 106 örneğin hepsinde BPV pozitiflik belirlendi. Çalışmada; işletme tipleri, bireysel hayvan bakım ve besleme koşulları, sağım koşulları ve ahır temizliği parametreler yönünden incelenerek değerlendirildi. Ayrıca, meme siğillerinin makroskobik görünümlerine göre (düz ve yuvarlak, pirinç tanesi, saplı-sivri) sınıflandırılmış, BPV tip spesifik primerleri açısından pozitiflik tespit edilmiş 30 örnekte iki farklı tedavi uygulama yöntemleri çalışıldı. Birinci grupta tasnif edilmiş 15 hayvana otojen aşı, ikinci grupta tasnif edilmiş 15 hayvana Newcastle disease virus (NDV) La Sota suş aşı uygulamaları yapıldı. Otojen aşı uygulamalarının yapıldığı, farklı makroskobik görünümlere sahip meme siğillerinde %100 gerileme ve iyileşme sağlandı. Newcastle disease virus La Sota aşı uygulamalarının yapıldığı farklı makroskobik görünümlere sahip meme siğillerinde %53,3 gerileme ve iyileşme sağlandı. İneklerde meme siğillerinin tedavisinde otojen aşı uygulamalarının daha etkin sonuçlar verdiği tespit edildi. Ayrıca, çalışmada meme siğillerinin oluşumunda; işletme, bakım, besleme, sağım, ahır temizliği ve diğer faktörlerin de etkili olabileceği yorumlandı.

Proje Numarası

0556-DR-18

Kaynakça

  • 1. Alaçam E, Şahal M. Mastitis. In: Alaçam E, editör. Sığır Hastalıkları.1st ed. Ankara: Medisan Yayınları; 1997. p. 389-425.
  • 2. Avki S, Turutoglu H, Simsek A, Unsal A (2003). Clinical and immunological effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine on bovine papillomatosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2003; 98: 9-16.
  • 3. Balık Z. Köy koşullarında inek mastitislerinin yıl içinde dağılımları. Ankara: Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 1998. p. 1-35.
  • 4. Baştan A. İneklerde meme sağlığı ve sorunları. Genişletilmiş II. Baskı. Ankara: Kardelen Ofset Matbaacılık tanıtım Hizmetleri San. Tic. Ltd. Sti.; 2013. p. 1-394.
  • 5. Biricik HS, Keskin O, Çimtay I. Sığır papillomatozisinin tedavisinde otolog aşı ve otohemoterapi uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2003; 27: 703-707.
  • 6. Blood DC, Rodostits OM, Henderson JH. Veterinary Medicine, 7th ed. London: Bailiere Tindall; 1988. p. 838-840.
  • 7. Campo MS. Vaccination against papillomavirus. Cancer Cells. 1991; 3: 421-426.
  • 8. Campo MS. Vaccination against papillomavirus in cattle. Clin Dermatol. 1997; 15: 275-283.
  • 9. Campo MS. Papillomavirus and disease in humans and animals. Vet Comp Oncol. 2003; 1: 3-14.
  • 10. Campo MS. Bovine papillomavirus: old system, new lessons? In: Campo MS, ed. Papillomavirus Research: From Natural History To Vaccine and Beyond. England: Caister Academic Press; 2006. p. 459-472.
  • 11. Chambers G, Ellsmore V, O’Brien P, Reid S, Love S, Campo M et al. Sequence variants of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids. Virus Res. 2003; 96: 141-145.
  • 12. Chandran SR. Autogenous wart vaccine. Indian Vet J. 1961; 68: 152-155.
  • 13. Emre B, Alaçam E. İneklerde meme başı derisi ile delindiğinde şekillenen lezyonların dağılımı ve sütün somatik hücre sayısına etkileri. Ankara: Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2009. p. 1-93.
  • 14. Finlay M, Yuan Z, Burden F, Trawford A, Morgan IM, Campo MS, et al. (2009). The detection of bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA in flies. Virus Res. 2009; 144: 315–317.
  • 15. Freitas AC, Carvalho C, Brunner O, Birgel Jr. EH, Libera AMD, Benesi FJ, et al. (2003). Viral DNA sequences in peripheral blood and vertical transmission of the virus: a discussion about BPV-1. Braz J Microbiol. 2003; 34: 76-78.
  • 16. Freitas AC, Silva MAR, Carvalho CCR, Birgel Jr. EH, Santos JF, Becak W, et al. Papillomavirus DNA detection in non-epithelial tissues: a discussion about bovine papillomavirus, Comm Curr Res Edu Topic Trend Appl Microbiol. 2007; 1: 697-704.
  • 17. Freitas AC, Silva MAR, Jesus ALS, Mariz FC, Cordeiro MN, Albuquerque BMF, et al. Recent insights into bovine papillomavirus. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2011; 5: 6004-6012.
  • 18. Galloway DA. Papillomavirus vaccines in clinical trials. The Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3: 469-475.
  • 19. Gottschling M, Göker M, Stamatakis A, Olaf RP, Bininda-Emonds, Nindl I, et al. (2011). Quantifying the phylodynamic forces driving papillomavirus evolution. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28: 2101-2113.
  • 20. Hamad MA, Al-Banna AS, Yaseen NY. Treatment of bovine papilloma. Proceeding of the eleventh veterinary scientific conference, University of Baghdad. 2012: 25-32.
  • 21. Hamad MA, Al-Shammari AM, Odisho SM, Yaseen NY. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 1: first report in Iraqi cattle. Adv Virol. 2016; 2016: 1–7.
  • 22. Hunt E. Fibropapillomatosis and papillomatosis. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Pract. 1984; 6: 163-167.
  • 23. Jana D. Studies on bovine and bubaline papillomatosis with special reference to its epidemiology, clinicopathology and therapeutics. India: PhD Thesis, Kayani University; 2015. p. 1-455.
  • 24. Keshavarz M, Nejad ASM, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Dianat-Moghadam H, Keyvani H, et al. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus reduces growth of cervical cancer cell by inducing apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020; 27: 47–52.
  • 25. Khalid N, Kamaruzaman INA, Yahya SNC, Azeez-Okene IA, Reduan MFH, Shaharulnizim N. Application of autogenous vaccine for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis type 2 in Malaysia. J Anim Health Prod. 2021; 9: 1-4.
  • 26. Lange CE, Favrot C. Canine papillomaviruses. Vet Clin Small Anim. 2011; 41: 1183–1195.
  • 27. Leder C, Kleinschmidt JA, Wiethe C, Muller M. Enhancement of capsid gene expression: preparing the human papillomavirus type 16 major structural gene L1 for DNA vaccination purposes. J Virol. 2001; 75: 9201-9209.
  • 28. Lesnik F, Bires J, Suli J. Autovaccination and metabolic profiles at bovine papillomatosis. Slovak Vet J. 1999; 24: 290-294.
  • 29. Lindsey CJ, Almeida ME, Vicari CF, Carvalho C, Yaguiu A, Freitas AC, et al. Bovine papillomavirus DNA in milk, blood, urine, semen, and spermatozoa of bovine papillomavirus-infected animals. Gen Mol Res. 2009; 8: 310-318.
  • 30. Mayilkumar K, Kokila S, Manimuthu P, Kuppusamy G. Formalin inactivated autogenous vaccine for treatment of papillomatosis in adult dairy cow. Indian J Vet Pathol. 2014; 91: 13-15.
  • 31. Mein GA, Neijenhuis F, Morgan WF, Reinemann DJ, Hillerton JE, Baines JR, et al. Evaluation of bovine teat condition in commercial dairy herds: 1. Non-infectious factors. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Mastitis and Milk Quality. 2001; Vancouver/Canada.
  • 32. Nasir L, Campo MS. Bovine papillomaviruses: their role in the aetiology of cutaneous tumors of bovids and equids. Vet Dermatol. 2008; 19: 243–254.
  • 33. Nasir L, Brandt S. Papillomavirus associated diseases of the horse. Vet Microbiol. 2013; 67: 159–167.
  • 34. Ndarathi CM, Mbuthia PG. Individual bovine specific and species specific autogenous vaccine. Indian J Anim Sci. 1994; 64: 218-221.
  • 35. Noorddin M, Das JG. Bovine cutaneus papillomatosis. Agri-Pract. 1984; 5: 33.
  • 36. Olson C. Papillomatosis in cattle. In: Howard JL, ed. Current Veterinary Therapy, Food Animal Practice. Philadelphia: WB Sounders Co.; 1986. p. 624-625.
  • 37. Özenç E. Sağım makinalarında vakum ve pulzasyona ilişkin sorunların meme sağlığına olan etkisi. Ankara: Doktora Semineri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2000.
  • 38. Prasad CB, Singh MP, Deokiouliyar UK. A note on successful treatment of generalised cutaneous papillomatosis with autogenous vaccine in cross-bred cattle. Indian Vet J. 1980; 57: 950-952.
  • 39. Puri OC, Delgado AC, Falcon NP, Manchego AS (2011). Effıcacy of the Newcastle disease vaccine on the control of bovine papilomatosis. Rev Inv Vet Peru 2011; 22: 388-393.
  • 40. Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC. Veterinary Medicine, 8th ed. London: Bailliere-Tindall; 1994. p. 1127-1130.
  • 41. Ranjan R, Ghumman S.P.S, Bhatt G.R, Singh R.S. Efficacy of autogenous vaccine and auto-hemotherapy in bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Intas Polivet 2013; 14: 411-414.
  • 42. Sadasiva RK, Babu RK, Solman RKG. Efficacy of autogenous vaccine in cutaneous papillomatosis of Ongole heifers. Indian J Anim Res. 2000; 34: 82-83.
  • 43. Scott DW, Anderson WI. Bovine cutaneous neoplasms: literature review and retropective analysis of 62 cases (1978 to 1990), Cont Educ Prac Vet. 1992; 14: 1405-1419.
  • 44. Silva MAR, Lima RCP, Cordeiro MN, Borzacchiello G, Freitas AC. Bovine papillomaviruses. In: Liu D, ed. Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens. Florida: CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2016. p. 727-734.
  • 45. Singh BK, Christopher KJ. Autogenous vaccine for warts in a buffalo. Indian Vet J. 1976; 53: 73.
  • 46. Smith BP. Papillomatosis (warts, fibropapillomas). In: Smith BP, ed. Large Animal Internal Medicine. Philadelphia. London. Tokyo: Mosby-Year Book: 1996. p. 1417-1418.
  • 47. Terziev G, Roydev R, Kalkanov I, Borissov I, Dinev I. Papillomatosis in heifers – Comparative studies on surgical excision and autogenous vaccine therapies. Trakia J Sci. 2015; 13: 274-279.
  • 48. Thaiya A.G., Gitau P, Gitau GK, Nyaga PN. Bovine papillomatosis and its management with an autogenous virus vaccine in Kiambu district, Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 2009; 33: 16-22.
  • 49. Wadhwa DR, Prasad B, Rao VN, Singh M. Efficacy of autoimmunization in bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Indian Vet J. 1995; 72: 971-972.
  • 50. Walter RJ, Attar BM, Rafiq A, Tejaswi S, Delimata M. Newcastle disease virus Lasota strain kills human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro with high selectivity. JOP. J Pancreas 2012; 13: 45-53.
  • 51. Yaguiu A, Carvalho C, Freitas AC, Goes LGB, Dagli MLZ, Birgel Jr. EH, et al. Papillomatosis in cattle: In situ detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA sequences in reproductive tissues. Braz J Morphol. 2006; 23: 525-529.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gürsel Özmen 0000-0003-2330-9089

Mehmet Kale 0000-0003-4156-1077

Proje Numarası 0556-DR-18
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özmen, G., & Kale, M. (2022). Farklı işletme koşullarında ineklerin meme başlarında bovine papillomavirus kaynaklı gelişen siğillerin tedavisinde uygulanan yöntemlerin (otolog aşı ve newcastle disease virus La sota suşu) değerlendirilmesi. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 7(2), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1073019