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WILLIAM LEE WHO TRANSFORMED HAND KNITTING INTO INDUSTRY WITH HIS TIMELESS INVENTION WHICH WAS TRANSFORMED FROM DESIGN INTO REALITY IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND HIS FRAME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 51, 1751 - 1771, 28.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1582683

Öz

Knitting is a method of forming a fabric which is obtained by the interlacing of a series of loops formed with one or more types of yarn. One of the simplest application methods of knitting is hand knitting. Although where and by whom the hand knitting was used for the first time is still indefinite, it has been one of the remarkable and difference making product producing methods since its transition to Europe. Women participated in production in order to respond to the intense demand for hand knitted socks in England in early sixteenth century and their basic justification was contribution to the family budget. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to provide a literature review that reveals the innovations applied to the life, frame and posthumous frame of William Lee, who transformed hand knitting into frame knitting. Information about certain loop structures considered to be inspiration for the frame design of William Lee has been given at first sight in the paper. Subsequently, issues with respect to William Lee’s life including the place and year of birth, education life and profession as well as his economic status and marital status have been discussed under sub-titles. The conclusion section is the evaluation and interpretation of the information from the research.

Kaynakça

  • Aiken, J. B. (1861). Treatise art of knitting history of the knitting loom: Comprising an interesting account of its origin, and of its recent wonderful improvements. Franklin, N. H. :Published By The Inventor.
  • Akçalı, İ. (2002). Türkiye trikotaj sektörü ve gelişimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası.
  • Blackner, J. (1815). The history of Nottingham, embracing its antiquities, trate, and manufactures, from the earliest authentic records, to the present reriod. Nottingham: Printed by Sutton and Son, Bridlesmith-Gate and Sold By Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-Row; and B. and R. Crosby and Co-Stationers-Court, London.
  • Can, M. (2021). 20. yüzyıla ait ürünlerden örneklerle ülkemizde dekoratif tığ danteli örücülüğü: Kocaeli örneği. Folklor Akademi Dergisi, 4(1), 1–10.
  • Chamberlain, J. - Quilter, J. H. (1919). Knitted fabrics. London: Pitman’s Common Commodaties and Industries.
  • Dölen, E. (1992). Tekstil tarihi. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Francis, N. - Sparkes, B. (2011). Knitted textile design. Textile design principles, advances and applications. (ed.: A. Briggs-Goode - K.Townsend), USA: Woodhead Publishing Limited.
  • Gibson-Roberts, P. A. - Robson, D. (2004). Knitting in the old ways design &techniques from ethnic sweaters. Colorado: Nomad Press Fort Collins.
  • Güzel, S. (2018). Örgü tezgâhında örgü el kitabı. İstanbul: Cinius Yayınları.
  • Henson, G. (1831). The civil, political, and mechanical history of the framework - knitters, in Europe and America. Vol. 1, Nottingham: Printed by Richard Sutton, Bridlesmith – Gate.
  • Hills, R. L. (1989). William Lee and his knitting machine. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 80(I.2), 169-184.
  • Johnson, H. (2008). Introduction to knitting technology. Delhi: Bharat Bhushan Abhishek Publications.
  • Lancaster, W. (1982). Radicalism to socialism: The leicester working class 1860–1906. Submitted in fulfilment of the Regulations for the Degree of Ph. D in History, University of Warwick.
  • Leslie, C. A. (2007). Needlework through history an encyclopedia. London: Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut.
  • Mellors, R. (1924). Men of Nottingham and Nottinghamshire. Nottingham: J. & H. Bell Ld., Printers.
  • Page, W. (1910). The Victoria history of the county of Nottingham. Vol. 2, London: Constable and Company Limited.
  • Potočić Matković, V. M. (2010). The power of fashion: The influence of knitting design on the development of knitting technology. Textile The Journal of Cloth and Culture, 8(I.2), 22–147.
  • Ray, S. C. (2011). Fundamentals and advances in knitting technology. England: Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
  • Rutt, R. (1987). A history of hand knitting. London: B T Batsford Ltd.
  • Sissons, J. (2018). Moda tasarımında triko. (çev.: Nilgün Altınay), İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
  • Spencer, D. J. (2001). Knitting technology a comprehensive handbook and practical guide. England: Woodhead Publishing Limited and Technomic Publishing Company Inc.
  • Schumacker, A. (1918). The Columbia book of yarns -containing a manual of knitting and crocheting. Philadelphia:Published by the Manufacturers of Columbia Yarns.
  • Thomas, M. (1938). Mary Thomas’s knitting book. New York: Dover Publications.
  • Throsby, J. (1795). The history and antiquities of the town and county of the town of Nottingham; Containing the whole of Thororon's account of that place, and all that is valuable in deering. Sold By Burbage And Stretton, Tupman, Wilson, and Sutton, Nottingham and The Booksellers in Town and Country.
  • Wulfhorst, B. (2003). Tekstil üretim yöntemleri. (çev.: Ali Demir - Ahmet Refah Torun), İstanbul: Şan Ofset.
  • Yıldız, G. - Öğüt, L. (2020). Tanım, terim ve kavramları ile dantel. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 6(1), 126–142.

ON ALTINCI YÜZYILDA TASARIDAN GERÇEĞE DÖNÜŞEN ZAMANSIZ İCADIYLA EL ÖRGÜSÜNÜ ENDÜSTRİYE DÖNÜŞTÜREN WILLIAM LEE VE ÇERÇEVESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 51, 1751 - 1771, 28.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1582683

Öz

Örme, bir veya daha fazla iplikle oluşturulan ilmek serilerinin birbirleriyle kenetlenmesiyle elde edilen bir kumaş oluşturma yöntemidir. Örmenin en basit uygulama yöntemlerinden biri el örgüsüdür. El örgüsünün ilk olarak nerede ve kimler tarafından uygulandığı halen belirsizliğini korusa da Avrupa’ya geçişiyle birlikte dikkat çeken ve fark yaratan ürün üretim yöntemlerinden biri olmuştur. On altıncı yüzyılın başlarında İngiltere’de el örgüsü çoraplara karşı oluşan yoğun talebin karşılanabilmesi için kadınlar üretime dâhil olmuş, aile bütçelerine katkı en temel gerekçelerini oluşturmuştur. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, el örgüsünün çerçeve örgüsüne dönüştüren William Lee’nin yaşamına, çerçevesine ve ölümünün ardından çerçevesine uygulanan yenilikleri ortaya koyan bir alanyazın taramasıdır. Çalışmada öncelikle William Lee’nin çerçeve tasarımına ilham olduğu düşünülen bazı ilmekli yapılar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Devamında, William Lee’nin yaşamına dair doğum yeri ve yılı, eğitim hayatı ve mesleği ile ekonomik durumu ve medeni hali ile ilgili konular alt başlıklar altında tartışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde araştırmadan elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aiken, J. B. (1861). Treatise art of knitting history of the knitting loom: Comprising an interesting account of its origin, and of its recent wonderful improvements. Franklin, N. H. :Published By The Inventor.
  • Akçalı, İ. (2002). Türkiye trikotaj sektörü ve gelişimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası.
  • Blackner, J. (1815). The history of Nottingham, embracing its antiquities, trate, and manufactures, from the earliest authentic records, to the present reriod. Nottingham: Printed by Sutton and Son, Bridlesmith-Gate and Sold By Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-Row; and B. and R. Crosby and Co-Stationers-Court, London.
  • Can, M. (2021). 20. yüzyıla ait ürünlerden örneklerle ülkemizde dekoratif tığ danteli örücülüğü: Kocaeli örneği. Folklor Akademi Dergisi, 4(1), 1–10.
  • Chamberlain, J. - Quilter, J. H. (1919). Knitted fabrics. London: Pitman’s Common Commodaties and Industries.
  • Dölen, E. (1992). Tekstil tarihi. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Francis, N. - Sparkes, B. (2011). Knitted textile design. Textile design principles, advances and applications. (ed.: A. Briggs-Goode - K.Townsend), USA: Woodhead Publishing Limited.
  • Gibson-Roberts, P. A. - Robson, D. (2004). Knitting in the old ways design &techniques from ethnic sweaters. Colorado: Nomad Press Fort Collins.
  • Güzel, S. (2018). Örgü tezgâhında örgü el kitabı. İstanbul: Cinius Yayınları.
  • Henson, G. (1831). The civil, political, and mechanical history of the framework - knitters, in Europe and America. Vol. 1, Nottingham: Printed by Richard Sutton, Bridlesmith – Gate.
  • Hills, R. L. (1989). William Lee and his knitting machine. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 80(I.2), 169-184.
  • Johnson, H. (2008). Introduction to knitting technology. Delhi: Bharat Bhushan Abhishek Publications.
  • Lancaster, W. (1982). Radicalism to socialism: The leicester working class 1860–1906. Submitted in fulfilment of the Regulations for the Degree of Ph. D in History, University of Warwick.
  • Leslie, C. A. (2007). Needlework through history an encyclopedia. London: Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut.
  • Mellors, R. (1924). Men of Nottingham and Nottinghamshire. Nottingham: J. & H. Bell Ld., Printers.
  • Page, W. (1910). The Victoria history of the county of Nottingham. Vol. 2, London: Constable and Company Limited.
  • Potočić Matković, V. M. (2010). The power of fashion: The influence of knitting design on the development of knitting technology. Textile The Journal of Cloth and Culture, 8(I.2), 22–147.
  • Ray, S. C. (2011). Fundamentals and advances in knitting technology. England: Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
  • Rutt, R. (1987). A history of hand knitting. London: B T Batsford Ltd.
  • Sissons, J. (2018). Moda tasarımında triko. (çev.: Nilgün Altınay), İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
  • Spencer, D. J. (2001). Knitting technology a comprehensive handbook and practical guide. England: Woodhead Publishing Limited and Technomic Publishing Company Inc.
  • Schumacker, A. (1918). The Columbia book of yarns -containing a manual of knitting and crocheting. Philadelphia:Published by the Manufacturers of Columbia Yarns.
  • Thomas, M. (1938). Mary Thomas’s knitting book. New York: Dover Publications.
  • Throsby, J. (1795). The history and antiquities of the town and county of the town of Nottingham; Containing the whole of Thororon's account of that place, and all that is valuable in deering. Sold By Burbage And Stretton, Tupman, Wilson, and Sutton, Nottingham and The Booksellers in Town and Country.
  • Wulfhorst, B. (2003). Tekstil üretim yöntemleri. (çev.: Ali Demir - Ahmet Refah Torun), İstanbul: Şan Ofset.
  • Yıldız, G. - Öğüt, L. (2020). Tanım, terim ve kavramları ile dantel. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 6(1), 126–142.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tekstil ve Moda Tasarımı
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arzu Arslan 0000-0001-9231-934X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 51

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, A. (2025). ON ALTINCI YÜZYILDA TASARIDAN GERÇEĞE DÖNÜŞEN ZAMANSIZ İCADIYLA EL ÖRGÜSÜNÜ ENDÜSTRİYE DÖNÜŞTÜREN WILLIAM LEE VE ÇERÇEVESİ. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 18(51), 1751-1771. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1582683