Use of Lemon, Orange, Grapefruit and Pomegranate Fruit Peels Against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949

Öz

The mortality effect of single and combined applications of lemon, orange, grapefruit and pomegranate fruit peels aqueous extracts against Meloidogyne incognita second juvenile larvae (J2) and the nematostatic effect on suppression of hatching were investigated in this study. After 24h, the effect of aqueous extracts of only pomegranate and only grapefruit peels on J2 was found to be over 50%, while only orange fruit peel application (41.5%) was determined higher than only lemon application (18.7%). While the mortality effect of lemon peel aqueous extract on J2 was low after 24 h, 77.5% mortality was detected after 48 h. It was determined that all J2s were killed after 48 h in the combined applications of lemon+pomegranate, lemon+grapefruit, orange+pomegranate, orange+grapefruit and pomegranate+grapefruit peel aqueus extract, and their mortality effects were found to be similar to the nematicide Velum (Fluopyram). In single applications, the highest suppression on hatching was determined only in grapefruit (54.2%) peel aqueous extract. Egg hatch suppression was found to be over 57% in all combined applications. There was no statistically significant difference between the hatching suppression percentage of pomegranate+grapefruit (90.7%) peel aqueous extract application and Velum (98.5%) application (P≥0.05). These results support that lemon, orange, grapefruit and pomegranate peel aqueous extract applications are good alternatives to nematicides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biological control
• root knot nematode
• fruit peel
• nematotoxic effect

Limon, Portakal, Greyfurt ve Nar Meyvelerinin Kabuklarının Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949'ya Karşı Kullanımı

Öz

Çalışmada limon, portakal, greyfurt ve nar meyvelerinin kabuklarının sulu ekstraktlarının tekli ve kombine uygulamalarının Meloidogyne incognita ikinci dönem larvalarına (L2) karşı öldürücü etkisi ile yumurtadan çıkışı baskılama üzerindeki nematostatik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Uygulamadan 24 saat sonra sadece nar ve sadece greyfurt meyve kabuğunun sulu ekstraktlarının L2 üzerindeki etkisi %50’nin üzerinde tespit edilirken, sadece portakal meyve kabuğu uygulaması (%41,5) sadece limon uygulamasından (%18,7) yüksek belirlenmiştir. Uygulamadan 24 saat sonra limon meyve kabuğu sulu ekstraktı’nın L2 üzerindeki öldürücü etkisi düşük bulunurken, 48 saat sonra %77,5 ölüm saptanmıştır. Kırk sekiz saat sonra, limon+nar, limon+greyfurt, portakal+nar, portakal+greyfurt ve nar+greyfurt meyve kabuğu sulu ekstrakt ikili uygulamalarında tüm L2’lerin öldüğü belirlenmiş ve öldürücü etkileri nematisit Velum (Fluopyram) ile benzer bulunmuştur. Tekli uygulamalarda yumurtadan çıkış üzerindeki en yüksek baskılama sadece greyfurt (%54,2) meyve kabuğu sulu ekstraktında belirlenmiştir. İkili uygulamaların tümünde yumurtadan çıkışı baskılama %57’nin üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Nar+greyfurt (%90,7) meyve kabuğu sulu ekstrakt uygulamasının yumurtadan çıkışı baskılama yüzdesi ile Velum (%98,5) uygulaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (P≥0.05). Bu sonuçlar limon, portakal, greyfurt ve nar meyve kabuğu sulu ekstrakt uygulamalarının nematisitlere iyi bir alternatif olduğunu desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik kontrol
• kök ur nematodu
• meyve kabuğu
• nematoksik etki

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